Study on the Alage Removal by Microwave Irradiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Qing Jie Xie
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Reaction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pollutants Removal

The microwave irradiation (MI) was found that it had significantly treatment efficiency for pollutants removal. It was developed to treat the alage in this paper. The granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as catalyst. The effect of the acting time, MI power, GAC amount and the initial concentration on alage removal were studied. The results showed: with the increasing of the acting time, MI power, GAC amount the alage removal rate were increased, but the effect of the initial concentration to alage removal was opposite; the optimum value of acting time, MI power and GAC amount were 5min, 450W and 3g respectively with the alage removal efficiency reached up to 100%. It also showed that with the alage removed under the MI the COD, SS were removed too. It was discovered that the oxidation process was basically in conformity with the first-order dynamic reaction(ln(C/C0)＝-0.9371t+0.6744（R2=0.9472）).

Nanoparticle Fe3O4 magnetized activated carbon from Armeniaca sibirica shell for the adsorption of Hg(II) ions

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6100-6120
Author(s):  
Yinan Hao ◽  
Yanfei Pan ◽  
Qingwei Du ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
Ximing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Initial Concentration

Armeniaca sibirica shell activated carbon (ASSAC) magnetized by nanoparticle Fe3O4 prepared from Armeniaca sibirica shell was investigated to determine its adsorption for Hg2+ from wastewater. Fe3O4/ASSAC was characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Optimum adsorption parameters were determined based on the initial concentration of Hg2+, reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH value in adsorption studies. The experiment results demonstrated that the specific surface area of ASSAC decreased after magnetization; however the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Hg2+ increased 0.656 mg/g and 0.630%, respectively. When the initial concentration of Hg2+ solution was 250 mg/L and the pH value was 2, the adsorption time was 180 min and the temperature was 30 °C, and with the Fe3O4/ASSAC at 0.05 g, the adsorption reaching 97.1 mg/g, and the removal efficiency was 99.6%. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/ASSAC to Hg2+ was in accord with Freundlich isotherm models, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was used to fit the adsorption best. The Gibbs free energy ΔGo < 0，enthalpy change ΔHo < 0, and entropy change ΔSo < 0 which manifested the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process.

Interactions of hypochlorite ion and humic acid: photolytic and photocatalytic pathways

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gonenç ◽  
M. Bekbolet
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
First Order Reaction ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Toc Removal

Photolytic and photocatalytic interactions of hypochlorite ion and humic acid are investigated under various conditions. Humic acid oxidation by aqueous chlorine under dark conditions are expressed in terms of first order reaction kinetics. Upon irradiation (300 nm &lt; λ &lt; 400 nm), photolysis of aqueous chlorine affect the removal efficiency of humic acid via oxidation. TiO2 sensitised photocatalytic oxidation conditions reveal an increase in the TOC removal rate of humic acid in the presence of aqueous chlorine. Under the specified conditions, increasing the photocatalyst loading up to 1.0 mg/mL markedly increase the TOC removal rate.

Performance of Nonconcentrating Solar Photocatalytic Oxidation Reactors: Part II—Shallow Pond Configuration

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wyness ◽  
J. F. Klausner ◽  
D. Y. Goswami ◽  
K. S. Schanze
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Photocatalytic Process ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order

A solar photocatalytic oxidation facility has been fabricated in which the destruction of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) is tested in three adjacent shallow pond reactors. Each of the reactors has depths of 5.1, 10.2, and 15.3 cm (2, 4, and 6 in.), respectively. It is found that 4CP is successfully oxidized with the photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO2), suspended in a slurry or adhered to a fiberglass mesh. The pond reactors, however, perform better with the slurry. It has also been found that the first-order rate constant for oxidation of 4CP increases with decreasing initial concentration. For the same incident ultraviolet (UV) intensity, catalyst loading, and initial solute concentration, the oxidation rate of 4CP is invariant provided the aperture to volume ratio is fixed. It has been determined that the 4CP solution contains sufficient dissolved oxygen to support the photocatalytic oxidation process. Direct evidence is provided to demonstrate that the utilization of photons in the photocatalytic process becomes less efficient as the number of incident photons on the catalyst increases.

Experimental Study on the Modification of Granular Activated Carbon by Potassium Permanganate to Adsorb Cu2+ in the Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2453-2457
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
Ji Gang Yang ◽  
Xin Chai ◽  
Yue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Potassium Permanganate Solution ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Main Factors

This document studies test methods on modification of activated carbon by potassium permanganate to adsorb Cu2+. Ensure all factors’ effects on Cu2+ removal. Use potassium permanganate solution to modify activated carbon, investigate main factors’ effects on Cu2+ removal and analyze mechanism by changing potassium permanganate solution concentration, adsorption time, activated carbon’s additive amount and temperature. The results show that modification of activated carbon by 0.03mol/L potassium permanganate solution (0.03K-GAC) can adsorb Cu2+ best. 0.03K-GAC’s removal rate on Cu2+ is 98% when the initial concentration of Cu2+ is 50mg/L, the additive amount of 0.03K-GAC is 2.0g, the pH value is 5.5, the temperature is 25°C and the adsorption time is 4h. Modification of activated carbon by potassium permanganate has good adsorbability on Cu2+. Potassium permanganate solution concentration, adsorption time and additive amount can influence the adsorption of Cu2+ by activated carbon. However, temperature’s influence on the effect of adsorption is non-significant.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Nickel and Chromium From Aqueous Solutions Using Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetic Modeling, and Thermodynamic Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziyeh Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Sayadi ◽  
Hossein Shekari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage

The research was conducted with an aim to assess the efficiency of copper oxide nanoparticles as an adsorbent to remove Ni and Cr. The effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration of metals (Ni and Cr) on the adsorption rate was evaluated and removal of these elements from aqueous solutions was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrum System (Conter AA700). Moreover, the kinetic and isotherm besides thermodynamic adsorption models were assessed. The highest Ni and Cr removal rate occurred at an optimal pH of 7, and an initial concentration of 30 mg/L, a time period of 30 minutes, and 1 g/L of copper oxide nanoparticles. In fact, with the increase of adsorbent dosage and contact time, the removal efficiency increased and with initial concentration increase of Ni and Cr ions, the removal efficiency reduced. The correlation coefficient of isotherm models viz. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, and Koble-Corrigan showed that Ni and Cr adsorption via copper oxide nanoparticles better follows the Langmuir model in relation to other models. The results showed that kinetic adsorption of Ni and Cr via copper oxide nanoparticles follows the second order pseudo model with correlation coefficients above 0.99. In addition, the achieved thermodynamic constants revealed that the adsorption process of metals (i.e., Ni and Cr) via copper oxide nanoparticles was endothermic and spontaneous and the reaction enthalpy values for these metals were 17.727 and 11.862 kJ/mol, respectively. In conclusion, copper oxide nanoparticles can be used as effective and environmentally compatible adsorbents to remove Ni and Cr ions from the aqueous solutions

scholarly journals Electrochemical Removal of Copper Ion Using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Nur Azza Azyan Muin ◽  
Hawaiah Imam Maarof ◽  
Nur Alwani Ali Bashah ◽  
Nor Aida Zubir ◽  
Rasyidah Alrozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

In this work, coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) electrode was evaluated to remove copper ion via electrochemical processes. CSAC electrode and graphite were applied as the cathode and the anode, respectively. The reusability of the electrode, the effects of initial pH, applied voltage and initial concentration were studied. The electrochemical process was carried out for 3 h of treatment time, and the electrodes (anode and cathode) were separated by 1 cm. The results revealed that CSAC is proven as a reusable electrode to remove copper ion, up to 99% of removal efficiency from an initial concentration of 50 ppm after it had been used three times. From the observation, the removal efficiency was optimum at an initial pH of 4.33 (without any initial pH adjustment). The applied voltage at 8 V showed a higher removal efficiency of copper ion compared to at 5 V.

Pharmaceutical removal by the activated carbon process

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Piel ◽  
S. Blondeau ◽  
J. Pérot ◽  
E. Baurès ◽  
O. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Maximum Removal

The adsorption of some major pharmaceutical products (sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, iopromide and carbamazepine) in water was evaluated using four types of activated carbon, three powdered activated carbon (PAC) and one fluidized, coagulated and flocculated activated carbon (FAC) extracted from a Carboplus®P pilot. These substances were the most frequently quantified (in 50% of samples at least) in surface waters of the Vilaine's basin (Brittany, France) during three sampling campaigns. Jar test experiments were carried out in order to assess the removal efficiency of the four activated carbons. Carbamazepine and caffeine were well removed with PAC with a maximum removal rate of 80% whereas it was more difficult for sulfamethoxazole and iopromide with a maximum of 39%. For each molecule, removal rates are clearly dependent on PAC nature. The overall results with FAC are clearly distinguishable from PAC tests with gains of performance on all target molecules (from 80 to &gt;95%).

Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption study of p-nitrophenol onto activated carbon derived from walnut peel

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2229-2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Song Bai
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Maximum Removal

An original activated carbon prepared from walnut peel, which was activated by zinc chloride, was modified with ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in order to contrast the adsorption property of the three different activated carbons. The experiment used a static adsorption test for p-nitrophenol. The effects of parameters such as initial concentration, contact time and pH value on amount adsorbed and removal are discussed in depth. The thermodynamic data of adsorption were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir models. The kinetic data of adsorption were measured by the pseudo-first-order kinetics and the pseudo-second-order kinetics models. The results indicated that the alkalized carbon samples derived from walnut peel had a better performance than the original activated carbon treated with zinc chloride. It was found that adsorption equilibrium time was 6 h. The maximum removal rate of activated carbon treated with zinc chloride for p-nitrophenol was 87.3% at pH 3,whereas the maximum removal rate of the two modified activated carbon materials was found to be 90.8% (alkalized with ammonium hydroxide) and 92.0% (alkalized with sodium hydroxide) at the same pH. The adsorption data of the zinc chloride activated carbon were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The two alkalized activated carbon samples were fitted well to the Freundlich model. The pseudo-second-order dynamics equation provided better explanation of the adsorption dynamics data of the three activated carbons than the pseudo-first-order dynamics equation.

scholarly journals UV Activation of Persulfate for Removal of Penicillin G Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Norzaee ◽  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Babak Djahed ◽  
Ferdos Kord Mostafapour ◽  
Razieh Khaksefidi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Activated Persulfate

Penicillin G (PG) is one of the most widely consumed antibiotics around the world. Release of PG in environment may lead to contamination of water resources. The aim of the present work is to assess feasibility of applying UV-activated persulfate process in removal of PG from aquatic environments. The study examined the effect of pH (3–11), persulfate initial concentration (0.5–3 mM), reaction time (15–90 minutes), and initial concentration of PG (0.02–0.14 mM) on PG decomposition. Also, the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was used for kinetic analysis of PG removal. The results indicated that UV-activated persulfate process can effectively eliminate PG from water. The highest PG removal efficiency was obtained as 94.28% at pH 5, and the decomposition percentage was raised by increasing persulfate dose from 0.5 to 3 mM and the reaction time from 15 to 90 minutes. Besides, the removal efficiency decreased through increasing the initial concentration of PG. UV-activated persulfate process effectively decomposes PG and eliminates it from water.

Electrosorption Desalination by Activated Carbon Fibers Electrode

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1710-1717
Author(s):  
Gui Zhong Zhou ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Zhao Feng Wang ◽  
Shu Qing Pan ◽  
Shao Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Total Adsorption ◽  
Scanning Electron

The activated carbon fiber(ACF) electrodes were prepared for electrosorption desalination. The electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the desalting efficiency was represented by the removal rate of Cl-. As a result, desalting efficiency decreases with increasing initial concentration of Cl-, whereas the total adsorption capacity increases. The most suitable voltage for electrosorption desalination is 1.2 ~ 1.4V. The electrosorption desalination achieves the best results while the distance between two electrodes is 1.0cm. Electrosorption plays a more important role in the adsorption process compared with physical adsorption. The removal rate of Cl- is obviously improved by using ACF electrode modified by HNO3 and KOH and desalination ratio of the electrode treated with KOH is increased by 16.5%. Therefore, the ACF electrode would be suitable for using in the application of electrosorption desalination.

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