Analysis of Casting Quality of a Fastening Baffle with Failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 211-212 ◽  
pp. 691-694
Author(s):  
Mei Hua Zhu ◽  
Jia Wei Lu ◽  
Ying Xi ◽  
Jin Sen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Matrix Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Casting Quality ◽  
The Common

A fastening of sleeper is an important part to bind rail, sleeper and foundation under the track, which requires enough strength, elasticity et al.. This article focuses on the common occurrence of fracture on a casting fastening baffle by metallographic analysis of the materials of different part in the casting, and reaches the conclusion that the unevenly distribution of chemical composition is due to the different cooling rate of different wall thickness. The low carbon content in thin wall and the lack of pearlite with high strength in matrix structure aggravates the danger of the emergence of cracks. Then a solution is put forward, which is to improve the structure of the casting and reasonably arrange the inner runner when casting.

A comparison of silage and dried common reed (phragmites australis) for finishing male calves

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 114-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Aghashahi ◽  
A. Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
The Common ◽  
Other World ◽  
Final Effect

The common reed (CR) is one of the plants which grows in some area of Iran and other world countries especially in coastal wetlands. Feed resource restriction is the most problem in animal production in some area and native plants have a key role. Ensiling may improve the quality of crop or decrease by high fermentation. These effects depend on stage of growth, chemical composition, dry matter and nutrients of plant, and final effect is not as same as for all crops. For understanding the effect of ensiling on quality of each plant must be investigate. For this reasons goals of this experiment was investigation on various methods of utilization of CR for finishing male calves and comparison with alfalfa.

Austempered Ductile Cast Irons–Influence of Microstructure Control

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C. Voigt ◽  
C. R. Loper
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Matrix Structure ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Casting Quality ◽  
Bainitic Structure

ABSTRACTThe influence of microstructure on the properties of austempered ductile cast irons have been studied along with an analysis of the necessary process control to insure consistent properties. Both austempered ductile iron transformed at high temperatures with a matrix structure of carbide-free ferrite and substantial amounts of austenite, and austempered/bainitic ductile iron transformed at low temperatures with a more characteristic bainitic structure also containing austenite have been studied. The good toughness and ductility of these high strength ductile irons is due to the microplasticity associated with both the ferrite and austenite phases; however carbide precipitation during the later stages of austempering reduces room temperature toughness considerably and results in a change to a quasi-cleavage fracture mode. The influence of casting quality control and heat treatment control on the microstructures and properties obtained are discussed.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of a Manufactured Bell Using a 3D Scanning Process

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7057
Author(s):  
Dawid Cekus ◽  
Paweł Kwiatoń ◽  
Maciej Nadolski ◽  
Krzysztof Sokół
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Aluminum Bronze ◽  
Tin Bronze ◽  
Casting Quality ◽  
Graphical Comparison ◽  
Acoustic Quality ◽  
Percussion Instruments

Bells as percussion instruments have been known to humanity for ages. The casting process, the shape and the materials have changed over the years. The functional properties of bells depend on the casting quality and the generated sound. The casting quality is related to the shape, material and technology. The acoustic quality must fulfill specific parameters. This work concerns the assessment of the quality of the manufactured bells and the possibility of replacing tin bronze with a material with similar mechanical properties. Therefore, bell bronze—which is dedicated to this type of work—and aluminum bronze—which is characterized by high strength and hardness, have been applied to casting. The laser scanning technique was used to assess the quality of castings. Based on a point cloud, an optimized mesh was generated from which the 3D model was finally created. On the basis of the CAD model, the defects resulting from the casting process were determined in the form of graphical comparison. The correctness of the selected foundry shrinkage of the selected material was also determined. The manufactured bells were also assessed for sound quality. Vibration frequencies were determined using a vibration analyzer and free software Wavanal. The experimental results were compared with the ones obtained from the numerical frequency analysis. With the help of tests, the quality of the bells was assessed, and it was determined whether aluminum bronze meets the acoustic criteria. The presented method can be used in the development of bell templates. These templates will allow the bell to obtain the correct shape and acoustic quality without the need for a tuning process.

scholarly journals Current Trends in Machinability Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Polishetty ◽  
Guy Littlefair ◽  
Moshe Goldberg ◽  
Junior Nomani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Bainitic Steel ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Duplex Steel

The manufacturing index of a country relies on the quality of manufacturing research outputs. The emergence of new materials such as composites and multi component alloy has replaced traditional materials in certain design application. Materials with properties like high strength to weight ratio, fatigue strength, wear resistance, thermal stability and damping capacity are a popular choice for a design engineer. Contrary, the manufacturing engineer is novice to the science of machining these materials. This paper is an attempt to focus on the current trends in machinability research and an addition to the existing information on machining. The paper consist of information on machining Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI), Duplex Stainless Steel and Nano-Structured Bainitic Steel. The various techniques used to judge the machinability of these materials is described in this paper. Studying the chip formation process in duplex steel using a quick stop device, metallographic analysis using heat tinting of ADI and cutting force analysis of Nano-structured bainitic steel is discussed.

Research on Process Optimization of Thin-Wall Plastics Injection Based on Moldflow and Orthogonal Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1646-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Zai Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Packing Pressure ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment Method ◽  
The Common

Warpage makes the plastic products deviate from the shape of the mold cavity that is one of the common weaknesses of plastics. In this paper, the melt temperature, mold temperature, packing pressure and holding pressure time are chosen as the study objects, and the use of Moldflow combined with orthogonal experiment method determine the best combination of molding process parameters to obtain the minimum warpage value, which improves the quality of injection products.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Manner in Which Montane and Submontane Areas Are Utilized on the Quality of Leachate Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6299
Author(s):  
Piotr Kacorzyk ◽  
Jacek Strojny
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Leachate Water

This study aimed at assessing the effect of how submontane soils are managed on the quantity and quality of leachate water, as well as on the load of nutrients leached with it. The quality of leachate water moving through the soil profile at the depth of 0–30 cm was investigated. The quality of leachate water from six research variants was analyzed in three periods: intensive growing, inhibited growing, and the non-growing season. It was established that the type of flora had a significant effect on the amount and chemical composition of water flowing through the soil profile. The highest loads of minerals were leached with leachate waters from arable land. Contrary to the common opinion, unused meadow had the best quality of leachate waters. On account of the quality of leachate waters in submontane and montane areas, it is recommended to reduce plow tillage in these areas. It is also recommended to use these areas as meadows and pastures, with moderate fertilization and rational use, i.e., two mowings or three grazings during the growing season. The study emphasizes how important the management of the use of submontane and montane areas is for the quality and quantity of leachate waters.

scholarly journals Shahadah 'Ilmy; Integrating Fiqh and Astronomy Paradigm in Determining The Arrival of Lunar Months in Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-524
Author(s):  
Muh. Arif Royyani ◽  
Abdul Mufid ◽  
M. Ihtirozun Ni’am ◽  
Alfian Qodri Azizi ◽  
Achmad Azis Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Formulating the fixed methodology for determining the beginning of Ramadan month and Islamic Feast in Indonesia is still ongoing. This article attempts to offer an integration between sharia and scientific views through 1) the concept of shahadah (witnessing) in the paradigm of fiqh and astronomy, and 2) the integration of those paradigms in determining the beginning of lunar months, particularly Ramadan and Syawal. This study uses qualitative methods in gaining the data then analyzes it using the approach of Miles & Huberman on interdisciplinary study. The findings of this research are as follows: 1) the concept of shahadah in the paradigm of fiqh is based on religious vows and factual evidence, while the astronomical paradigm perceives it from the certainty of external factors (weather, climate, environment, etc.). 2) Integration of those two paradigms results in better methods. It can turn the shahadah into the quality of qat'i (fixed) while the astronomic perspective gains more legitimacy. The integration is therefore called shahadah-'ilmi which potentially integrates the criteria of crescent visibility (imkan al-rukyah) in Indonesia to minimize the common occurrence on differences in determining those days. (Penetapan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Hari Raya di Indonesia masih terus dirumuskan metodologinya. Artikel ini menawarkan integrasi antara sudut pandang syari’ah dan saintifik melalui kajian atas 1) konsep syahadah dalam paradigma fiqh dan astronomi, 2) integrasi paradigma fiqh dan astronomi dalam menetapkan awal bulan Islam, utamanya Ramadhan dan Syawal. Penelitian ini menggali data dengan metode kualitatif kemudian menganalisisnya dengan pendekatan Miles & Huberman tentang kajian interdisipliner. Temuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Konsep shahadah dalam paradigma fiqh adalah penglihatan yang disertai dengan sumpah dan bukti faktual, sementara dalam paradigma astronomi, shahadah didasarkan pada kepastian ukuran dari faktor–faktor eksternal meliputi cuaca, iklim dan lingkungan. 2) Integrasi dua paradigma tersebut menghasilkan metode yang lebih baik dalam penentuan awal Ramadhan dan Syawal. Shahadah dalam sudut pandang fiqh berubah menjadi qath’i (pasti), sementara hasil persaksian astronomi semakin memperoleh legitimasi. Integrasi kedua paradigma melahirkan konsep shahadah-'ilmi yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tampaknya hilal (rukyah hilal) awal Ramadhan dan Syawal di Indonesia sehingga perbedaan yang kerap terjadi dalam menentukan dua awal bulan tersebut dapat diminalisir.)

Features of heat treatment of high-strength lean alloyed cold-resistant steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-688
Author(s):  
P. P. Poletskov ◽  
M. V. Mal’kov ◽  
M. V. Mishukov ◽  
A. N. Shishlonova ◽  
K. P. Tetyushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Offset Yield Strength

Mechanical characteristics of an alloy, used for manufacturing parts of heavy-duty machines, operating under conditions of dynamic and cyclic loads, should meet increased requirements. According to the concept of lean alloying, quality of an alloy and highest possible properties of a chemical composition are determined by the modes of heat treatment. Results of a study of quenching temperature effect on microstructure and properties of a new lean alloyed steel MAGSTRONG 450L having the following chemical composition, %, mass: 0.21 С; 0.23 Si; 0.96 Mn; 0.03 Cr; 0.41 Ni; 0.023 Ti; 0.0021 B presented. Smelting of ingots of a given chemical composition was carried out in a vacuum induction furnace ZG-0.06L. Reduction of ingots was carried out on a hydraulic press П6334 and on a single-stand reversing hot rolling mill 500 duo. The samples were heated in a ПКМ 3.6.2/12,5 chamber furnace. Best mode of the hardening heat treatment of sheet rolled product of steel MAGSTRONG H450L was established, ensuring forming of a mixed structure, comprising 80% of lath martensite and about 20% of high temperature lamellar martensite. Such a structure ensures maximum values of impact toughness KCV–40 = 38 J/сm2 at high strength parameters (tensile strength σв = 1514 МPa, offset yield strength σ0,2 = 1243 МPа, hardness 460 HBW) and satisfactory indices of plasticity (percent elongation δ50 = 16 %) which correspondents to requirements ТС 14-101-1034–2015. Based on results obtained, recommendations were elaborated for heat treatment of the sheet steel MAGSTRONG H450L, thickness 8–20 mm as per OJSC “BELAZ” order. Application of the obtained results of the study will enable to create and perfect the technological modes of heat treatment of alloys with similar composition.

Thermomechanical Treatment of a 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 314-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Jahn ◽  
J.C. Yang ◽  
C.M. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
4340 Steel ◽  
Good Improvement

4340 Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel is widely used due to its good combination of strength and toughness. The mechanical property of 4340 steel can be improved by various thermal treatments. The influence of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) has been studied in a low carbon Ni-Cr-Mo steel having chemical composition closed to 4340 steel. TMT of 4340 steel is rarely examined up to now. In this study we obtain good improvement on the mechanical property of 4340 steel by TMT. The mechanism is explained in terms of TEM microstructures4340 (0.39C-1.81Ni-0.93Cr-0.26Mo) steel was austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. The TMTed specimen (T) was obtained by forging the specimen continuously as the temperature of the specimen was decreasing from 950°C to 600°C followed by oil quenching to room temperature. The thickness reduction ratio by forging is 40%. The conventional specimen (C) was obtained by quenching the specimen directly into room temperature oil after austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. All quenched specimens (T and C) were then tempered at 450, 500, 550, 600 or 650°C for four hours respectively.

Behavior of Some Varieties in the Kernel Group to the Attack of the Main Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sînziana Venera Morărița
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Special Quality

Abstract Although relatively recent, peach culture has grown great in our country due to the special quality of the fruit, its very complex chemical composition and the large production that can be obtained without much effort. Peach is a species slightly adapted to our climatic conditions, suffers from winter frost, but can provide productive and long productions of 10-15 years.

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