OMG Neutral Deinking Technical Conditions and Mechanism

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1351-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Zhang ◽  
Ru Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Distribution State ◽  
Single Factor Experiment ◽  
Scanning Electron

Single factor experiment was used to investigate neutral deinking technology of old magazine paper (OMG) by self-compounded NTM-2 deinking agent. Olympus inverted biological microscope were used to research distribution state of ink particles in the secondary pulp before and after deinking treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze fiber surface changing during neutral deinking and ink particles dispersing behaviors in the paper. The results showed that NTM-2 deinking agent had a good deinking effect to OMG, optimum operation conditions of neutral deinking was NTM-2 0.5%, deinking temperature 50°C, deinking time 40min, repulper time 25s, pulp consistence 1.0%, and floatation time 6 min. Under these conditions, brightness of the deinked pulp increased 8.4%SBD, and the ink removal efficiency reached by 90%. Olympus inverted biological microscope images showed that there were a large number of ink particles in the un-treated pulp, and these ink particles integrated with fibers tightly. After treated by neutral deinking, most of ink particles were separated from the fiber, dispersed and suspended in the pulp evenly. SEM images indicated that there were little ink particles in the secondary paper, the fiber surface turned more smoother, and the clean degree would nearly corresponding to the effect of alkaline deinking.

scholarly journals Identification of wool and cashmere SEM images based on SURF features

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501986612
Author(s):  
Kai Lu ◽  
Junli Luo ◽  
Yueqi Zhong ◽  
Xinyu Chai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Surf Features ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pattern recognition and feature extraction methods are applied to identify cashmere and wool fibers, which are two kinds of very similar animal fibers. In this article, we proposed a new identification method based on Speed Up Robust Features of fiber images. The images of wool and cashmere fibers are obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Speed Up Robust Features of fiber images are extracted, and each fiber image is regarded as a collection of feature vectors in our logic. The vectors are fed into a support vector machine for supervised learning. The findings from scanning electron microscope images indicate that this method is effective; the recognition rate is higher than 93% for a broad range of blend proportions of the two fibers.

scholarly journals Microscopy Methods for Biofilm Imaging: Focus on SEM and VP-SEM Pros and Cons

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Michela Relucenti ◽  
Giuseppe Familiari ◽  
Orlando Donfrancesco ◽  
Maurizio Taurino ◽  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several imaging methodologies have been used in biofilm studies, contributing to deepening the knowledge on their structure. This review illustrates the most widely used microscopy techniques in biofilm investigations, focusing on traditional and innovative scanning electron microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), variable pressure SEM (VP-SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), and the more recent ambiental SEM (ASEM), ending with the cutting edge Cryo-SEM and focused ion beam SEM (FIB SEM), highlighting the pros and cons of several methods with particular emphasis on conventional SEM and VP-SEM. As each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, the choice of the most appropriate method must be done carefully, based on the specific aim of the study. The evaluation of the drug effects on biofilm requires imaging methods that show the most detailed ultrastructural features of the biofilm. In this kind of research, the use of scanning electron microscopy with customized protocols such as osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium red (RR), tannic acid (TA) staining, and ionic liquid (IL) treatment is unrivalled for its image quality, magnification, resolution, minimal sample loss, and actual sample structure preservation. The combined use of innovative SEM protocols and 3-D image analysis software will allow for quantitative data from SEM images to be extracted; in this way, data from images of samples that have undergone different antibiofilm treatments can be compared.

scholarly journals Redox Mechanism of Azathioprine and Its Interaction with DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6805
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Cristina Bunea ◽  
Victor-Constantin Diculescu ◽  
Monica Enculescu ◽  
Horia Iovu ◽  
Teodor Adrian Enache
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Redox Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Film ◽  
Scanning Electron

The electrochemical behavior and the interaction of the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine (AZA) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were investigated using voltammetric techniques, mass spectrometry (MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The redox mechanism of AZA on glassy carbon (GC) was investigated using cyclic and differential pulse (DP) voltammetry. It was proven that the electroactive center of AZA is the nitro group and its reduction mechanism is a diffusion-controlled process, which occurs in consecutive steps with formation of electroactive products and involves the transfer of electrons and protons. A redox mechanism was proposed and the interaction of AZA with DNA was also investigated. Morphological characterization of the DNA film on the electrode surface before and after interaction with AZA was performed using scanning electron microscopy. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was employed to study the interactions between AZA and DNA with different concentrations, incubation times, and applied potential values. It was shown that the reduction of AZA molecules bound to the DNA layer induces structural changes of the DNA double strands and oxidative damage, which were recognized through the occurrence of the 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine oxidation peak. Mass spectrometry investigation of the DNA film before and after interaction with AZA also demonstrated the formation of AZA adducts with purine bases.

scholarly journals Apolar Bioactive Fraction ofMelipona scutellarisGeopropolis onStreptococcus mutansBiofilm

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Guilherme da Cunha ◽  
Marcelo Franchin ◽  
Lívia Câmara de Carvalho Galvão ◽  
Bruno Bueno-Silva ◽  
Masaharu Ikegaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Killing Assay ◽  
Bioactive Fraction ◽  
Biofilm Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the bioactive nonpolar fraction of geopropolis onStreptococcus mutansbiofilm. The ethanolic extract ofMelipona scutellarisgeopropolis was subjected to a liquid-liquid partition, thus obtaining the bioactive hexane fraction (HF) possessing antimicrobial activity. The effects of HF onS. mutansUA159 biofilms generated on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs were analyzed by inhibition of formation, killing assay, and glycolytic pH-drop assays. Furthermore, biofilms treated with vehicle control and HF were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HF at 250 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL caused 38% and 53% reduction in the biomass of biofilm, respectively, when compared to vehicle control (P<0.05) subsequently observed at SEM images, and this reduction was noticed in the amounts of extracellular alkali-soluble glucans, intracellular iodophilic polysaccharides, and proteins. In addition, theS. mutansviability (killing assay) and acid production by glycolytic pH drop were not affected (P>0.05). In conclusion, the bioactive HF of geopropolis was promising to control theS. mutansbiofilm formation, without affecting the microbial population but interfering with its structure by reducing the biochemical content of biofilm matrix.

scholarly journals Analysis of the type material of Gomphosphenia tackei (Bacillariophyceae) and comparison to epizoic diatom populations on freshwater snails

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rybak ◽  
Łukasz Peszek ◽  
Anita Poradowska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Small Cell Size ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and aims – Hustedt (1942) originally described Gomphosphenia tackei from Germany under the name Gomphonema tackei. Because of the small cell size and the lack of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from the type material, it is often confused with other species from this genus, especially with G. stoermeri. The aim of this paper was to present detailed morphological characteristics of G. tackei based on the analysis of the type material and of several epizoic populations from Central Europe. Material and methods – The material in this study was collected from the shells of the freshwater snails Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbarius corneus, and Planorbis planorbis. Additionally, for an unambiguous species identification, the type material for Gomphosphenia tackei was analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopes.Key results – The presence of Gomphosphenia tackei was confirmed in the studied material. The largest population (up to 19%) was recorded on the shell surfaces of living snails, whereas on empty shells, the diatom did not seem to be present or only in very low numbers. Valves are typically clavate with rounded apices. Valves are frequently observed in girdle view, often joint together in pairs. The valves in the studied populations had a valve length of 7–29 µm, a valve width of 3–4 µm, and a stria density of 25–29 striae in 10 µm. In the type population, valve length ranged from 7.5 to 27 µm with a valve width of 3.0–4.0 µm and a stria density of 23–29 striae per 10 µm. Striae were composed of 2–4 elongated to rounded areolae per stria. At the apices, the striae were composed of one single areola. The cells were attached to the substratum by their footpole.Conclusion – Published illustrations of Gomphosphenia tackei do not always correctly represent this species. Individual cells are attached to the substratum by secreted mucilage, probably via their areolae or girdle band pores located on the footpole.

Fabrication of Ultra Thick Ferromagnetic Structures in Silicon

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie G. Jones ◽  
Albert P. Pisano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Deep Reactive Ion Etching ◽  
Scanning Electron

A novel fabrication process is presented to create ultra thick ferromagnetic structures in silicon. The structures are fabricated by electroforming NiFe into silicon templates patterned with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Thin films are deposited into photoresist molds for characterization of an electroplating cell. Results show that electroplated films with a saturation magnetization above 1.6 tesla and compositions of approximately 50/50 NiFe can be obtained through agitation of the electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that NiFe structures embedded in a 500 μm thick silicon wafer are realized and the roughening of the mold sidewalls during the DRIE aids in adhesion of the NiFe to the silicon.

Synthesis and Film Investigation of Titania

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Sharipah Nadzirah ◽  
Uda Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Titanium Butoxide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Spin Coater

Titania or titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film has been synthesized via sol-gel method with monoethanolamine (MEA) as a catalyst. The mixing of titanium butoxide as a precursor, ethanol as a solvent and MEA were stirred using magnetic stirrer under ambient temperature [. The TiO2solution prepared then was deposited on SiO2substrates using spin-coater and the coated films were annealed at 600°C. Finally, both before and after annealed TiO2thin films were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The obtained results show the different TiO2particles formation before and after annealed.

Biomimetic Crack Sensors Using Electrohydrodynamic Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3773-3778
Author(s):  
Keon-Young Kim ◽  
Se-Min Jeong ◽  
Chang-Yull Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Grid Structure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Impact Tester ◽  
Microscopic Damage ◽  
Pet Substrate ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper proposes a new mechanism for detecting microscopic damage of structures based on imitating the sensory organs of spiders. Therefore, it is essential to manufacture sensors that can react sensitively to the micro deformations of structures. Numerous cracks were intentionally generated to improve the sensitivity of the proposed sensor, and an increase in the gap of the crack was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Electrohydrodynamic technology is used to detect deformations in a structure of depositing Ag nano paste on a polyethylene terephtha-late (PET) substrate. Ag nano lines are also observed by SEM images. The sensor is constructed as a grid structure, by forming layers patterned horizontally and vertically. An impact tester is used to verify the mechanism for structural health monitoring using the developed sensor. The resistance changes of the sensors are applied to estimate the structure’s damaged location. The intersections of the lines with varying resistance can be used to accurately detect crack initiation. The proposed mechanism is a powerful methodology for estimating and detecting microscopic deformations and damage to structures.

Effect of moisturized air on magnetoimpedance response of Fe-based ribbons

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (24) ◽  
pp. 2050249
Author(s):  
L. Yoosefi ◽  
V. Setoodeh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Response Ratio ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Weak Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

High sensitivity and response ratio of magnetoimpedance (MI) sensors have raised interest for using them in different environments for detection of weak magnetic fields of magnetic elements even though the high dependence of the MI response to the surface condition of the MI sensor has limited its application in some environments. In this study, we investigate the effects originating from the MI measurement in moisturized air. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, it is observed that the surface of an Fe-based MI sensor has become rough and granular after the presence of moisture on its surface. Results can be useful for developing MI sensors for use in different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Cooling Regimes on the Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites Subjected to High Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Yu ◽  
Wenfang Weng ◽  
Kequan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Engineered Cementitious Composite ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of different cooling regimes (quenching in water and cooling in air) on the residual mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) subjected to high temperature up to 800°C was discussed in this paper. The ECC specimens are exposed to 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800°C with the unheated specimens for reference. Different cooling regimens had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of postfire ECC specimens. The microstructural characterization was examined before and after exposure to fire deterioration by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results from the microtest well explained the mechanical properties variation of postfire specimens.

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