Optimization of Processing Parameters for the Blitzkrieg Extraction of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L) Seed Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 785-788
Author(s):  
Xin Peng Bai ◽  
Xiao Lei Zhao ◽  
Zhi Yong Guo ◽  
Xiao Qin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Extraction Voltage ◽  
Solid Liquid

A simple and rapid blitzkrieg extraction procedure has been developed and optimized for hexane extraction yield from the noni (Morinda citrifolia L) seed. Several variables that could potentially affect the extraction efficiency, namely, solid: liquid ratio (g /mL), blitzkrieg extraction voltage (V), extracting time (s) have been optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were the ratio of material to liquid 95g/500mL, blitzkrieg extraction voltage 148V and extracting time 79s. Under the optimum operating conditions, the extraction yield was 10.42 %, a drastic reduction of the blitzkrieg extraction time (79 s vs. 8 h) was achieved, comparable with the reflux extraction.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Crude Pollen

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Oroian ◽  
Florin Ursachi ◽  
Florina Dranca
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Process ◽  
Solid Liquid

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from crude pollen by an ultrasonic process. Prior to the polyphenols extraction, the crude pollen was defatted. The extraction from defatted pollen was carried out by varying four extraction parameters: ultrasonic amplitude (20%, 60% and 100%), solid/liquid ratio (10 g/L, 20 g/L and 30 g/L), temperature (35, 50 and 65 °C) and time (10, 20 and 30 min). The extracts were analyzed in terms of extraction yield (%), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavones content (TFC). The extracted oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids composition; myristic acid (159.1 µg × g−1) and cis-14-pentadecenoic acid (106.6 µg·g−1) were found in the highest amount in the pollen oil. The optimum conditions of extraction were determined and were, as follows: 100% amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, 30 g/L solid/liquid ratio, 40.85 °C and 14.30 min, which led to the extraction of 366.1 mg GAE/L of TPC and 592.2 mg QE/g of TFC, and also to an extraction yield of 1.92%.

Potential of Five-Leaved Chaste Tree (Vitex negundo L.) Leaves as Source of Natural Dye from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) Extraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
T.A.T. Mohd ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
Nurul Aimi Ghazali ◽  
A. Azizi ◽  
Idris S. Adeib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Natural dyes represent a sustainable source of colorants, which are low cost and safer than synthetic dyes, concerning human health. The purpose of this study is to extract Vitex negundo L. leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and to identify the extracts potential as a dye. The extraction process has been conducted at different operating conditions by varying temperature from 40 to 65°C with an increment of 5°C at 20, 25, and 30 MPa within 60 minutes constant time. The extracts obtained at different conditions were analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) to determine the chemical compounds present. Increase of temperature increased the extraction yield, but further increasing the temperature above 50°C has reduced the yield. The effect of pressure gave two different patterns, in which the first one showed the yield kept increasing with pressure (20 to 30 MPa) at 40, 45, 50, and 55°C. The second pattern showed sudden reduction of yield above 25 MPa at another two higher temperatures. The highest extraction yield (13.94 mg/g) was obtained at 30 MPa and 50°C which considered as optimum operating condition. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of several phytochemicals including some flavonoid compounds, which are potential sources of dye.

scholarly journals The Ability of Froth Formed without Chemicals to Hold Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanim Hassan ◽  
Robert G. J. Edyvean
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Water Taste ◽  
The University ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Abstract. Froth flotation is a solid-liquid separation technique that uses hydrophobicity as a driving force. Bacteria and other drinking water microorganisms tend to be hydrophobic and can be removed from water using this application. The biggest limitation against using froth flotation in the drinking water industry is the difficulty of producing froth without chemical frothers and holding bacteria in this froth without chemical collectors which deteriorate water taste and odor. Recently, researchers at the University of Sheffield described a method for producing froth using only water and compressed air. This has enabled froth flotation to be studied as an alternative to biocides for the removal of bacteria from drinking water. This work examines the ability of froth, produced by controlling air pumping through a water column, to hold bacteria. Bacteria are moved to the top of the column and collected in the froth. The operating conditions determine the percentage of bacteria removed. At optimum conditions, froth can hold up to 2×108 cfu/ml of bacteria. It has been found that air pumping at 130 l/min in a 20 cm diameter column will give the highest froth bacterial content. Time to reach stable froth bacterial concentration is decreased by increasing other variables.

scholarly journals Optimization in the Stripping Process of CO2 Gas Using Mixed Amines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao Chi Chen ◽  
Yan-Lin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Solvent Flow Rate ◽  
Parameter Sequence ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Stripping Efficiency

The aim of this work was to explore the effects of variables on the heat of regeneration, the stripping efficiency, the stripping rate, the steam generation rate, and the stripping factor. The Taguchi method was used for the experimental design. The process variables were the CO2 loading (A), the reboiler temperature (B), the solvent flow rate (C), and the concentration of the solvent (monoethanolamine (MEA) + 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)) (D), which each had three levels. The stripping efficiency (E), stripping rate ( m ˙ CO 2 ), stripping factor (β), and heat of regeneration (Q) were determined by the mass and energy balances under a steady-state condition. Using signal/noise (S/N) analysis, the sequence of importance of the parameters and the optimum conditions were obtained, and the optimum operating conditions were further validated. The results showed that E was in the range of 20.98–55.69%; m ˙ CO 2 was in the range of 5.57 × 10−5–4.03 × 10−4 kg/s, and Q was in the range of 5.52–18.94 GJ/t. In addition, the S/N ratio analysis showed that the parameter sequence of importance as a whole was A > B > D > C, while the optimum conditions were A3B3C1D1, A3B3C3D2, and A3B2C2D2, for E, m ˙ CO 2 , and Q, respectively. Verifications were also performed and were found to satisfy the optimum conditions. Finally, the correlation equations that were obtained were discussed and an operating policy was discovered.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Assisted Mechanical Peeling of Cassava Tubers

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ziba Barati ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Sebastian Romuli ◽  
Joachim Müller
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Peeling Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

In this study, the effect of enzymatic pre-treatment and the size of cassava tubers on mechanical peeling was examined. Cassava tubers were sorted based on their mass as small, medium and large. Viscozyme® L and an abrasive cassava peeling machine was used for the enzymatic pre-treatment and the mechanical peeling, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of the enzyme dose (0.5–1.9 mL g−1), incubation time (1.5–6 h), peeling time (1.5–4.5 min) and size of the tubers (small, medium and large) on the peeling process. Peeled surface area (PSA) and peel loss (PL) were measured as main responses in RSM. Results showed that the PSA and PL were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the enzyme dose, incubation time and peeling time. The size of tubers only had a significant impact on the PSA. The optimum operating conditions for different sizes of tubers were found and validated. Under optimum conditions, the PSA of the large tubers (89.52%) was significantly higher than the PSA of the medium and small tubers (p < 0.05). Application of enzymatic pre-treatment can improve the mechanical peeling process especially for larger cassava tubers.

scholarly journals A Study of the Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Isoliquiritigenin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jingwei Hao ◽  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yunrong Jing ◽  
Yubin Ji
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
The Times ◽  
Solid Liquid

We successfully extracted isoliquiritigenin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis through the utilization of an ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) approach. Briefly, we utilized the solution of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM]Br) as solvent and optimized key ILUAE parameters such as solid-liquid ratios, concentrations of ionic liquids, and the times of ultrasonication. Based on a single-factor experiment, we utilized the response surface method (RSM) approach to optimize the extraction procedure. The approach revealed that the optimal energy consumption time was 120 min, with the ultrasonic extraction temperature of 60°C. Using these optimized parameters together with the solid-liquid ratio (dried G. uralensis powder: [BMIM]Br of 0.3 mol/L) of 1 : 16.163 and the [BMIM]Br of 0.3 mol/L, we achieved a 0.665 mg/g extraction yield. Overall, these findings thus indicate that we were able to effectively use ILUAE as an efficient approach to reliably extract isoliquiritigenin in a reproducible and environmentally friendly manner.

scholarly journals Optimum Alkaline Electrolyzer-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Coupling in a Residential Solar Stand-Alone Power System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany A. Khater ◽  
Amr A. Abdelraouf ◽  
Mohamed H. Beshr
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power System ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Modeling of an alkaline electrolyzer and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is presented. Also, a parametric study is performed for both components in order to determine the effect of variable operating conditions on their performance. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum operating conditions when the electrolyzer and the PEMFC are coupled together as part of a residential solar powered stand-alone power system comprising photovoltaic (PV) arrays, an alkaline electrolyzer, storage tanks, a secondary battery, and a PEMFC. The optimum conditions are determined based on an economic study which is performed to determine the cost of electricity (COE) produced from this system so as to determine the lowest possible COE. All of the calculations are performed using a computer code developed by using MATLAB. The code is designed so that any user can easily change the data concerning the location of the system or the working parameters of any of the system's components to estimate the performance of a modified system. Cairo city in Egypt was used as the place at which the output of the system will be determined. It was found that the optimum operating temperature of the electrolyzer is 25∘C. Also, the optimum coupling pressure of the electrolyzer and the PEMFC is 4 bars. The operating temperature of the PEMFC had a slight effect on its performance while an optimum current density of 400 mA/cm2 was detected. By operating the fuel cell at optimum conditions, its efficiency was found to be 64.66% with a need of 0.5168 Nm3 (Nm3 is a m3 measured at temperature of 0∘C and pressure of 1 bar) of hydrogen to produce 1 kWh of electricity while its cogeneration efficiency was found to be 84.34%. The COE of the system was found to be 49 cents/kWh, at an overall efficiency of 9.87%, for an operational life of 20 years.

Optimization of Crab Flavoring Extraction by Means of Enzyme Processing Aids from Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) By-Products Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1959-1966
Author(s):  
Jue Wang ◽  
Xi Chang Wang ◽  
Yuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Chinese Mitten Crab ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
By Products

In order establish an efficient and environment-friendly process, crab flavoring were extracted from Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir Sinensis)by-products using a selected enzyme formulation (including ratio of enzyme to material, pH and temperature). To the purpose, the extraction yield (Y) of amino acids was selected as the response variables. The model given through response surface methodology enables us to identify the optimum operating conditions (ratio of enzyme to material 1.7g/100g, pH 6.5 and temperature 65.3°C, respectively), under which it predicts a maximum response of extraction yield of amino acids 34.27μg/mg. Crab flavoring extraction is rich in sweet taste free amino acids by automatic amino acids analyzer. These results, suggests that the use of the flavourzyme treatment could extract crab flavorings out of crab by-products.

scholarly journals Optimizing Operating Parameters of High-Temperature Steam for Disinfecting Total Nematodes and Bacteria in Soil: Application of the Box−Behnken Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-An Huh ◽  
Woo Ri Chae ◽  
Hong Lyuer Lim ◽  
Joung Ho Kim ◽  
Yoo Sin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Concerns about the widespread use of pesticides have been growing due to the adverse effects of chemicals on the environment and human health. It has prompted worldwide research into the development of a replacement to chemical disinfection of soil. The efficiency of steam sterilization, an alternative to chemical methods, has improved as technology has advanced, and the Agricultural Research and Extension Service in Korea recommends the use of steam sterilization. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects and operating conditions of high-temperature steam disinfection. In this study, we present the optimum operating conditions of a high-steam disinfector, to maximize the cost-effectiveness and removal efficiency of total nematodes and total bacteria in soil using the Box−Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, with coefficients of determination (R2) for each model of 0.9279, 0.9678, and 0.9979. The optimum conditions were found to be a steam temperature of 150.56 °C, running speed of 1.69 m/min, and spray depth of 15.0 cm, with a corresponding desirability value of 0.8367. In the model, these conditions cause the prediction of the following responses: nematode removal efficiency of 93.99%, bacteria removal efficiency of 97.49%, and oil consumption of 70.49 mL/m2. At the optimum conditions for the steam disinfector, the removal efficiencies of nematodes and bacteria were maximized, and the oil consumption was minimized. The results of our study can be used as basic data for efficient soil disinfection using high-temperature steam.

Optimization of the Water Extraction Technology of Flavonoids in Emilia Sonchifolia (Linn.) DC

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1016-1021
Author(s):  
Li Sheng Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yan Ge ◽  
Jiangtao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Solid Liquid

Single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were successively carried out to optimize the water extraction technology of flavonoids in Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. The results showed that the influential order of factors was extraction times >solid-liquid ratio >extraction time. The optimum conditions were 15:1 of solid-liquid ratio, 2h of the extraction time and 3 of the extraction times. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of flavonoids from Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC was 3.35%.

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