Issues in Welding of HSLA Steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Jindal ◽  
Rahul Chhibber ◽  
N.P. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Hsla Steels ◽  
Selection Of

The application of High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steels has expanded to almost all fields viz. automobile industry, ship building, line pipe, pressure vessels, building construction, bridges, storage tanks. HSLA steels were developed primarily for the automotive industry to replace low-carbon steels in order to improve the strength-to-weight ratio and meet the need for higher-strength materials. Due to higher-strength and added excellent toughness and formability, demand for HSLA steel is increasing globally. With the increase of demand; other issues like the selection of filler grade and selection of suitable welding process for the joining of these steels have become very significant. This paper discusses the various issues regarding selection of suitable grade and selection of suitable welding process for joining of HSLA steels and issues concerning the structural integrity of HSLA steel welds.

Strengthening Low Carbon Steels for Oil and Gas Spiral Welded Pipes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Pyshmintsev ◽  
D. A. Pumpyanskyi ◽  
Yu. O. Kamenskih ◽  
I. N. Poznyakovsky ◽  
I. L. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Controlled Rolling ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Steel Processing ◽  
Line Pipe Steel ◽  
Strain Hardening Behavior

Strengthening mechanisms applied for modern line pipe steel design were studied. Low carbon steels alloyed with Mn, Mo, V, Nb processed by the way of controlled rolling were developed for spiral welded X65-X80 line pipes up to 1420 mm diameter. Formation of the microstructure during steel processing was studied. The effects of typical microstructure for the steels on mechanical properties, strain hardening behavior and Bauschinger effect were studied. Main metallurgical factors affecting on strength measured in plates and pipes were revealed using physical and computer simulations.

Phase proportions, carbon equivalent, mechanical properties and their effect on material cost of railway axle steels

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 2169-2181
Author(s):  
D.E.P. Klenam ◽  
L.H. Chown ◽  
M.J. Papo ◽  
L.A. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Railway Axle ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Hsla Steels

AbstractCommuter trains with solid axle configuration are produced from medium carbon steel due to cost restrictions. High-speed trains have hollow axle configuration for reduced weight and are made from high strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels. The HSLA steels have higher amounts of C, Cr, Ni, Mo, V and Nb, and are more expensive than medium carbon steels. The effects of phase proportions, carbon equivalent (CE), yield strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) on material costs of existing railway axle steels were studied using Thermo-Calc. Medium carbon rail axle steels had higher Fe3C phase proportions than the HSLA steel rail axle grades. Higher affinity of Cr, Mo and V for C than Fe resulted in decreased cementite proportions. The HSLA steels had yield strengths above 370 MPa, and UTS above 750 MPa, with increased material cost above $3300 per ton. A scattered distribution was observed for the pearlite weight fraction and material costs, with most between $3200 and $3400. The yield and tensile strengths increased with increasing carbon equivalent and pearlite weight fraction. The data aided the selection and design of alloys with better mechanical and corrosion properties at reduced material cost.

scholarly journals Thermal Diffusivity of Traditional and Innovative Sheet Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 893-898
Author(s):  
Elena Campagnoli ◽  
Paolo Matteis ◽  
Giovanni M.M. Mortarino ◽  
Giorgio Scavino
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Twip Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels

The low carbon steels, used for the production of car bodies by deep drawing, are gradually substituted by high strength steels for vehicle weight reduction. The drawn car body components are joined by welding and the welded points undergo a reduction of the local tensile strength. In developing an accurate welding process model, able to optimized process parameters and to predict the final local microstructure, a significant improvement can be given by the knowledge of the welded steels thermal diffusivity at different temperatures. The laser-flash method has been used to compare the thermal diffusivity of two traditional deep drawing steels, two high strength steels already in common usage, i.e. a Dual Phase (DP) steel and a TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel, and one experimental high-Mn austenitic TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) steel. The low carbon steels, at low temperatures, have a thermal diffusivity that is 4-5 times larger than the TWIP steel. Their thermal diffusivity decreases by increasing temperature while the TWIP steel shows an opposite behaviour, albeit with a lesser slope, so that above 700°C the TWIP thermal diffusivity is larger. The different behaviour of the TWIP steel in respect to the ferritic deep drawing steels arises from its non ferro-magnetic austenitic structure. The DP and TRIP steels show intermediate values, their diffusivity being lower than that of the traditional deep drawing steels; this latter fact probably arises from their higher alloy content and more complex microstructure.

Grain Refinement by Rapid Transformation Annealing of Cold Rolled Low Carbon Steels

2005 ◽  
Vol 500-501 ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Álvarez ◽  
C. Lesch ◽  
Wolfgang Bleck ◽  
Hélène Petitgand ◽  
Joachim Schöttler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Hsla Steels ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Equiaxed Grains ◽  
Rapid Transformation

A novel thermal treatment, rapid transformation annealing (RTA), has been applied to six different cold rolled low-carbon (LC) steel sheets with the aim of refining their microstructure. The process involves rapid heating to just above the austenite (g) to ferrite (a) transformation temperature and subsequent rapid cooling to room temperature. Grain sizes around 2 µm in two different Nb-Ti HSLA steels, 5 µm in a Ti-LC steel and 6 µm in a plain LC (0.037%C) steel have been produced using fast cooling rates (200°C/s). Non-equiaxed structures are obtained in a Nb-Ti HSIF steel and in a plain LC (0.135%C) (CM) steel due to their higher Mn content. However, very fine equiaxed grains (2 µm) are obtained by rapid intercritical annealing (RIA) in the CM steel. Irrespective of the microalloying concept, the grain growth of recrystallized a grains before their transformation was inhibited in CM and in both HSLA steels. This inhibition is connected with the overlapping of a recrystallization and a-g transformation processes which is essential in order to achieve extreme grain refinement either by RTA or RIA.

An Improved Numerical Modeling for Resistance Spot Welding Process and Its Experimental Verification

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Gupta ◽  
Amitava De
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Spot Welding ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Current Density Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resistance Spot

A numerical model of resistance spot welding with spherical tip electrode is developed to incorporate the electro-thermal aspect as well as thermo-elasto-plastic behaviour inherent in this process. The electro-thermal aspect includes the Joule’s resistive heating along the contact surfaces and within the sheet-electrode system due to nonuniform current density distribution in the sheet-electrode. The elasto-plastic deformation of the sheet-electrode interface at higher temperature is included in the thermo-mechanical analysis. The interdependence of those two analyses has been taken care of The model is used to simulate the spot welding in low-carbon steel sheets of 1 mm and 2 mm thickness and HSLA steel sheet of 1 mm thickness. The results are compared with experimental data obtained as a part of this work and also with literature data. The comparison has shown a good agreement in all the cases. The results are later used to draw the thermal cycle curves at different location along the faying surface.

scholarly journals Interaction between Microalloying Additions and Phase Transformation during Intercritical Deformation in Low Carbon Steels

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Mayo ◽  
Nerea Isasti ◽  
Jose M. Rodriguez-Ibabe ◽  
Pello Uranga
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Process ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Microalloyed Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Line Pipe

Heavy gauge line pipe and structural steel plate materials are often rolled in the two-phase region for strength reasons. However, strength and toughness show opposite trends, and the exact effect of each rolling process parameter remains unclear. Even though intercritical rolling has been widely studied, the specific mechanisms that act when different microalloying elements are added remain unclear. To investigate this further, laboratory thermomechanical simulations reproducing intercritical rolling conditions were performed in plain low carbon and NbV-microalloyed steels. Based on a previously developed procedure using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), the discretization between intercritically deformed ferrite and new ferrite grains formed after deformation was extended to microalloyed steels. The austenite conditioning before intercritical deformation in the Nb-bearing steel affects the balance of final precipitates by modifying the size distributions and origin of the Nb (C, N). This fact could modify the substructure in the intercritically deformed grains. A simple transformation model is proposed to predict average grain sizes under intercritical deformation conditions.

Cold Rolling and Annealing Microstructures and Textures of Low Carbon Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Marwan Almojil ◽  
Pete S. Bate
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Fine Pearlite

The development of crystallographic textures of IF and HSLA steels after 20, 50, 70 and 90% cold rolling reductions and subsequent recrystallisation have been investigated using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD). The HSLA steel was initially processed to give a volume fraction of about 0.2 of fine pearlite colonies, which acted as mechanically hard particles. Both cold rolling and recrystallisation textures are shown to be largely dependent on the rolling reduction for both steels. With increasing rolling reduction, the texture shows gradual intensification of α and γ fibre components. Although PSN was the dominant nucleation site in the HSLA steel during annealing, the α and γ fibres also exist in the recrystallisation textures, but with lower density.

Tribology of drawing lubricants for low carbon steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanudas Dattatraya Bachchhav ◽  
Geeta S. Lathkar ◽  
Harijan Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Sliding Contact ◽  
Stribeck Curve ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – This paper aims to present a study of frictional characteristics of steel/die steel pair under sliding contact in presence of a set of formulated lubricants. AISI 1010 low carbon steels, although being strong, are less formable grades of steel and require appropriate selection of lubricants in tribological conditions. Design/methodology/approach – A total of three mineral-based lubricating blends were formulated for varying concentration of ester. Plan of experiments, based on Taguchi’s analysis technique were performed using dedicated test rig based on “pin-on-disc” principle. Findings – A correlation was established between additive concentration, sliding speed and pressure with coefficient of friction by multiple linear regression. On the basis of experimental results and S/N ratio analysis, ranking of the parameters has been done. A possible regime of working with such lubricants is also suggested. Practical implications – Due to voluminous data involved, a few dominant process parameters were taken into consideration for the study. Originality/value – This paper is highlighting the tribo-effects of additives to render it as suitable lubricant in sliding contact conditions. This paper also suggested an approach for selection of optimum regime of working in the light of “Stribeck Curve” for ester-containing lubricating oils.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Mechanical Properties SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Welding Joints Of Portable Electric Hydraulic Jack Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Andika Wisnujati ◽  
Juni Andryansyah
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Cooling Media

Welding is a very important part of the development and growth of the industry because it has a role in engineering, reparation, and construction. Shielded   Metal   Arc Welding (SMAW) or the conventional arc welding   process is particularly dominant in structural joints, pressure vessels and in maintenance and repair work. In welding, different metals are joined economically and at a much faster rate as compared with other fabrication processes like riveting and casting. The purpose of this research is to find out the cooling media cooler against SMAW smelter tensile strength by using the E6013 electrode. This study uses low carbon steel material that has levels Fe = 98,3%; C = 0,30%, Si = 0,23%. The material is given 75A welding current with cooling variation on the connection result using oil, water, and room temperature. The highest tensile stress value obtained in the oil cooling treatment was 844,76 N/mm2, the highest strain value was obtained on the raw materials of 16%, the highest elasticity value was obtained in the oil cooling treatment of 703.96 N/mm2. According to the research results can be concluded that the variations of cooling media greatly affect the strength of the welding connection.

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