Preparation and Research of Anionic and Cationic Secondary Modified Organophilic Montmorillonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Gu ◽  
Shi Wei Li ◽  
Bing Zheng ◽  
Jia Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Organophilic Montmorillonite

A novel method is proposed to modify montmorillonite with anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and halides stearyl cationic surfactants made by our group (Z-surfactant). The structure of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was characterized by XRD and TG. The results of X-ray diffraction show that cationic surfactants and anionic surfactants are all intercalated into the layer of MMT. When modified with cationic surfactants, the interlayer spacing of MMT increases from 1.24 nm to the maximum of 3.76 nm. When it was secondary modified, the insertion order is to insert the cation first and then the anion. The interlayer spacing of montmorillonite increases to 4.80 nm, the modification effect is well.

Preparation and Research of Coupling Agent Modified Organophilic Montmorillonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2238-2241
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Gu ◽  
Jia Liang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Sheng Li ◽  
Bao Yun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphonium ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Organophilic Montmorillonite

A novel method is proposed to modify montmorillonite with coupling agents and Hexadecyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide surfactants made by our group (named P-surfactant in the following). The structure of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was investigated by FT-IR, XRD and TG. The FT-IR shows the coupling agents were inserted between the layers of MMT and reacted with –OH of MMT. The results of X-ray diffraction shows that the coupling agents were all intercalated into the layers of MMT. The interlayer spacing of montmorillonite increases to 4.00 nm, the effect of modification is well. The results of TG showed the thermal stability was better.

Mechanical Behavior of the Cr3C2 Compound at High Pressure and High Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li Jiang ◽  
Zi Li Kou ◽  
De Jiang Ma ◽  
Yong Kun Wang ◽  
Chun Xia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Heat Preservation

In the present study, we present a novel method to sinter Cr3C2 powders under high pressure without any addittives. The sintering Cr3C2 samples were charaterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative density measurements, Vicker’s hardness tests and Fracture toughness tests. The reasults show that Cr3C2 powders could be sintered to be bulk under the conditions of 3-5 GPa, 800-1200 °C and the heat preservation for 15 min. Moreover, the sintering body of Cr3C2 compound with the relative density of 99.84% by simultaneously tuning the pressure-temperature conditions exhibited excellent mechanical properties: a Vickers hardness of 20.3 GPa and a fracture toughness of ~8.9 MPam1/2. These properties were much higher than that by using the previous methods. The temperature condition obtained good mechanical properties in the experiment was about 1/3 lower than that using any other methods owing to the high pressure.

An expeditious one-pot synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines using Fe3O4–ZnO–NH2–PW12O40 nanocatalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Pegah Farokhian ◽  
Manouchehr Mamaghani ◽  
Nosrat Ollah Mahmoodi ◽  
Khalil Tabatabaeian ◽  
Abdollah Fallah Shojaie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
One Pot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Operational Simplicity

An efficient protocol for the facile synthesis of a series of pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine derivatives has been developed applying Fe3O4–ZnO–NH2–PW12O40 nanocatalyst in water. This novel method has the benefits of operational simplicity, green aspects by avoiding toxic solvents and high to excellent yields of products. Fe3O4–ZnO–NH2–PW12O40 was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The nanocatalyst is readily isolated and recovered from the reaction mixture by an external magnet.

Beobachtungen von Stapelfehlordnungen bei der Oxydation der zweiten zur ersten Stufe des Graphithydrogensulfats / Observation of stacking disorder during the oxidation of second stage to first stage graphite hydrogensulfate

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 768-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Young Shin ◽  
Hanns-Peter Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Degree Of Oxidation ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Stacking Disorder

Graphite has been oxidized to graphite hydrogensulfate with (NH4)2S2Og in concentrated H2SO4. The stage 2 compound formed very rapidly, but further oxidation to stage 1 could be followed conveniently. X-ray diffraction of the intermediate phases showed nonintegral (00l)-reflections indicative of partial interstratification disorder. The interlayer spacing of the stage 1 compound increased with continued oxidation. The degree of oxidation as function of oxidation time has been determined from the position of the minima in the reflectance spectra. The density of the compounds and the ratio of acid molecules to anions in the intercalated layers has been estimated using these data and those of buoyancy measurements. There is a minimum in packing density early in the formation of the first stage. The kinetics of intercalation seems to be first order with respect to the free interlayer spaces.

The Characterization of Bovine Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite Isolated Using Novel Non-Hazardous Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Aniek Setiya Budiatin ◽  
Samirah ◽  
Maria Apriliani Gani ◽  
Wenny Putri Nilamsari ◽  
Chrismawan Ardianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bovine bone is a considerable source for the production of hydroxyapatite. The recent study reported a novel method to extract hydroxyapatite from bovine bone without producing hazardous residue. The bovine bones were cut and boiled in the opened chamber followed by boiling in pressurized tank. The bones were then soaked into 95% ethanol. Calcination was then conducted in 800°C, 900°C and 1,000°C, for 2 hours. The result was then grinded and sieved. The powder then was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to measure the purity of hydroxyapatite. It is concluded that the hydroxyapatite derived from this process showed 100% purity, resulting 35.34 ± 0.39% w/w from the wet bone weight and 72.3% w/w from the dried weight. The present extraction method has been proven to yield high amount of pure hydroxyapatite as well as reducing the use of hazardous reagent.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Method for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Zr(x)Ni(y) Catalyst to Enhance the Desorption Properties of MgH2

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Gracia Shokano ◽  
Zahir Dehouche ◽  
Basile Galey ◽  
Georgeta Postole
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Desorption ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
The Impact

The present work involves the development of a novel method for the fabrication of zirconium nickel (Zr(x)Ni(y)) alloy used as a nanocatalyst to improve the hydrogen storage properties of the Mg/MgH2 system. The catalyst was fabricated through the high-pressure reactor and activated under hydrogen prior to being mechanically milled with the MgH2 for 5 h under argon. The microstructure characterisation of the samples was determined via SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope analysis–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and FE-HRTEM (field emission high resolution transmission electron microscopy), and the desorption characteristic of the nanocomposite (10 wt.% Zr(x)Ni(y)–MgH2) was determined via TPD (temperature-programmed desorption). The nanostructured MgH2 powder milled with 10 wt.% of the activated Zr(x)Ni(y) based nanocatalyst resulted in a faster hydrogen release—5.9 H2-wt.% at onset temperature 210 °C/peak temperature 232 °C. The observed significant improvement in the hydrogen desorption properties was likely to be the result of the impact of the highly dispersed catalyst on the surface of the Mg/MgH2 system, the reduction in particle size during the ball milling process and/or the formation of Mg0.996Zr0.004 phase during the milling process.

scholarly journals Fabrication of MoS2 Nanoflakes Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for High Performance Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
T. Minh Nguyet Nguyen ◽  
Vinh-Dat Vuong ◽  
Mai Thanh Phong ◽  
Thang Van Le
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
20 Nm

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), an inorganic-layered material similar to structure of graphite, was randomly dispersed onto the surface of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes to synthesized nanocomposite MoS2/CNT. The as-obtained product was characterized via SEM, TEM, TGA, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopies. It was confirmed from XRD that MoS2 layers with interlayer spacing of 0.614 nm were successfully produced. TEM images and Raman spectra indicated a random distribution of 20 nm sized nanoflake MoS2 on the surface of MWNTs. The electrochemical performance of materials are expected to pave the way for the utilized anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

Preparation and characterization of poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) nanocomposite using organophilic montmorillonite clay (Mag-cetyltrimethylammonium)

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (28-30) ◽  
pp. 4313-4322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Embarek ◽  
Nabahat Sahli ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
Linear Poly ◽  
Organophilic Montmorillonite

Nanocomposites of linear poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) based on Algerian natural organophilic clay: montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium named Maghnite-CTA were prepared by enhancing the dispersion of the matrix polymer in sheets of the organoclay. The effect of the organoclay, used with different amounts (3, 5, and 7% by weight) and the preparation method were studied in order to determine and evaluate their structural, morphological and thermal properties. X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained nanocomposites showed a significant change in the distance interlayer of montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium. Therefore, interlayer expansion and exfoliation of linear poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) between layers of montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium were observed. The thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites were given by thermogravimetric analysis. The structure and morphology of the obtained materials were determined respectively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The results obtained have approved the privilege of the intercalation of linear poly(3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) in the interface of montmorillonite–cetyltrimethylammonium and the best quantity of organoclay required to prepare nanocomposite with a high thermal stability is 5% (by weight).

Study of Interlayer Spacing Collapse During Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Melt Intercalation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1707-1713
Author(s):  
Samira Benali ◽  
Sophie Peeterbroeck ◽  
Jérôme Larrieu ◽  
Fabrice Laffineur ◽  
Jean-Jacques Pireaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melt Intercalation

The influence of the chemical structure of alkylammonium organo-modifying montmorillonite clays on the ability to form nanocomposites by melt blending, depending on the processing temperature and the organoclay thermal treatment, has been investigated. On one side chlorinated polyethylene/Cloisite®30B (nano)composite has been prepared by melt intercalation at 175 °C and its wide angle X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that the peak characteristic of the interlayer spacing of the organoclay was shifted to lower d-spacing, indicating a collapse of the organoclay structure. On the other side, (nano)composites based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/Cloisite®30B have been prepared by melt intercalation at 140 °C. At this temperature, exfoliation was observed with the as-received organoclay while the same organo-modified clay, simply dried at 180 °C for 2 hours, induced again the formation of a composite with a collapsed structure. The effect of the Cloisite®30B thermal treatment on the morphology and mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate–based (nano)composites was investigated using wide angle X-ray diffraction and tensile tests. In order to shed some light on the origin of this clay interlayer collapse, organoclay modified with various ammonium cations bearing long alkyl chains with different amounts of unsaturations were studied using wide angle X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after thermal treatment at 180 °C for 2 hours. Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of all organoclays was also investigated. The layers collapse effect is discussed depending upon the level of unsatured hydrocarbon present in the organic surfactant.

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