The System of Solar Energy & its Key Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Chang Chun Ge
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Space Solar Power

Now, over 90% of energy is produced by fossil fuel including coal, oil and natural gas, etc. With the time go on and the same consumption rate of energy, the energy status of world will be more serious. So human being should be finding other cleanness energy in order to meet their need. The solar energy is a promising energy which can be realized in the future most experts believe. Firstly, the concept of SSPS is brought forward in this paper. Additionally, the status of energy consumption and the studying trend of space solar power system (SSPS) are described which comprise the key technologies of SSPS in need. Then the key materials of development of SSPS and some suggestions are presented.

Complex Energy Systems Exploiting Solar Energy and Natural Gas Vaporization

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Bisio ◽  
Alessandro Bosio ◽  
Marco Cartesegna ◽  
Giuseppe Rubatto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
End User ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas

The fossil fuel reserves are limited. In addition, usable energy supply has a considerable impact on the environment, even if some effects, which are usually alleged, are far from being fully established. Natural gas is often found in remote locations far from developed industrial nations. Where possible, the gas is transported by pipeline to the end user. However, where oceans separate the gas source and the user, or there are other difficulties, the only viable way to transport the gas is to convert it into liquid natural gas (LNG) and to convey it using insulated LNG tankers. This paper outlines the results of an examination of a complex system, employing solar energy, for the production of electrical energy and the vaporization and superheating of LNG. It is to be remarked that, differently from the usual combined systems, both the thermal source and the thermal sink are exergy sources.

scholarly journals Non-Renewable Energy and Macroeconomic Efficiency of Seven Major Oil Producing Economies in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabanji Benjamin Awodumi ◽  
Adebowale Musefiu Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Macroeconomic Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study adopted two-stage DEA to estimate the technical efficiency scores and assess the impact of the two most important components of fossil fuel associated with oil production on macroeconomic efficiency of Seven oil producing African countries during 2005-2012. Our results showed that increasing the consumption of natural gas would improve technical efficiency. Furthermore, increasing the share of fossil fuel in total energy consumption has negative effect on the efficiency of the economies of the top African oil producers. Also, we found that increasing the consumption of primary energy improves efficiency in these economies. We therefore, recommend that governments and other stakeholders in the energy industry should adopt inclusive strategies that will promote the use of natural gas in the short term. However, in the long-run, efforts should be geared towards increasing the use of primary energy, thereby reducing the percentage share of fossil fuel in total energy consumption.

scholarly journals Assessment of deep demersal fish fauna diversity of the Colombian Caribbean Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
Camilo B. Garcia ◽  
Jorge Mario Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Rich Fauna

We compiled georeferenced records of deep demersal fishes from the Colombian Caribbean Sea in order to assess the level of survey coverage and geographic completeness of species richness inventories at a scale of 15 minutes by 15 minutes cells, in view of threats from fishing and oil and natural gas exploration. We identified a rich fauna with a minimum of 362 species registered. Areas with elevated observed and predicted species richness were identified. Survey coverage and geographic richness completeness resulted in being deficient with no cell reaching the status of well-sampled spatial unit and 83% of the Colombian Caribbean exclusive economic zone bottoms unexplored, in particular regarding depths beyond 1000 m. A plea is made for renewed survey efforts with a focus on the protection of the Colombian Caribbean deep-sea biota.

Non-Catalytic Plasma-Arc Reforming of Natural Gas With Carbon Dioxide as the Oxidizing Agent for the Production of Synthesis Gas or Hydrogen

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert W. Basson ◽  
P. W. E. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Petrochemical Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect

The world’s energy consumption is increasing constantly due to the growing population of the world. The increasing energy consumption has a negative effect on the fossil fuel reserves of the world. Hydrogen has the potential to provide energy for all our needs by making use of fossil fuel such as natural gas and nuclear-based electricity. Hydrogen can be produced by reforming methane with carbon dioxide as the oxidizing agent. Hydrogen can be produced in a Plasma-arc reforming unit making use of the heat energy generated by a 500 MWt Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR). The reaction in the unit takes place stoichiometrically in the absence of a catalyst. Steam can be added to the feed stream together with the Carbon Dioxide, which make it possible to control the H2/CO ratio in the synthesis gas between 1/1 and 3/1. This ratio of H2/CO in the synthesis gas is suitable to be used as feed gas to almost any chemical and petrochemical process. To increase the hydrogen production further, the Water-Gas Shift Reaction can be applied. A techno-economic analysis was performed on the non-catalytic plasma-arc reforming process. The capital cost of the plant is estimated at $463 million for the production of 1132 million Nm3/year of hydrogen. The production cost of hydrogen is in the order of $12.81 per GJ depending on the natural gas cost and the price of electricity.

The Second Century Papers: Looking Ahead in Aeronautics—8

1968 ◽  
Vol 72 (693) ◽  
pp. 735-738
Author(s):  
M. W. Thring
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Power generation for civilian aircraft can only be considered in terms of what kind of flying people will want to do in the 2nd century because the weight and cost of the fuel which will be best are dependent on how much people can afford to pay, how large and how fast they want the planes to be and what the world's total aircraft fuel consumption will be in relation to the world's total supplies of various fuels. The predictable primary power sources of the second century are the fossil chemical fuels, oil and natural gas, the nuclear fuels (fission and fusion) and solar energy.

scholarly journals Environmental Degradation in Indonesia and Malaysia: The Effect of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Population, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farabi ◽  
Azrai Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Annual Data

The main objective of this study is to examine how energy consumption, economic growth, population, and foreign direct investment (FDI) affects CO2 emissions in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study uses the longest and most updated annual data during the period 1960-2018. To get a deeper analysis, this study employs disaggregate of CO2 emissions and energy consumption data namely, oil, coal and natural gas. The ordinary least square which preceded by unit root test and classical assumption test are employed. The results show that all type of energy consumption affect positively to CO2 emission. Economic growth is identified as the variable with greatest influences on CO2 emissions in oil and natural gas model, while CO2 emissions from coal consumption are mainly affected by populations. The study concludes that economic growth of both countries relies heavily on fossil fuel. CO2 emission sourced from coal mostly affected by population due to the high demand of electricity from household fulfilled by power generation which use coal as the fuel. The EKC hypothesis is confirmed in the model of gas, indicate that natural gas is the most appropriate source of energy to be used at the certain level. Using natural gas is effectively decrease the CO2 emission while in the same time increase the economic growth. Natural gas is also found as the most environmentally friendly fossil fuel due as it produces less CO2 emission compared to oil and coal. The findings have important implications for policy makers in determining policy and business decisions especially to enhance environmentally friendly energy uses for the benefit of the economy.

Research of the Status of Electrical Energy in Energy Consumption in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 1369-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li Wang ◽  
Dan Shi ◽  
Li Shan Fan ◽  
Ji Qiong Han
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
End Use ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Structure Research

Nowadays, energy consumption has been to be one of the biggest problems in China. It is very important to increase proportion of electric power among the end-use energy market for optimization of end-use energy consumption structure. Research on the status of electrical energy in energy consumption for China is a critical method to improve its development. In this paper, it analyses the electrical energy status in the industry energy consumption from 1995 to 2010. Secondly, status of electrical energy in the final energy consumption has been researched deeply. Finally, it analyses the role of electrical energy in energy consumption according to the curve of data from 1995 to 2010, gives some suggestions for optimization of the energy consumption structure so that save energy.

Dual-Fueling of a Prechamber Diesel Engine With Natural Gas

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Song ◽  
P. G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate ◽  
Diesel Operation

The feasibility of dual-fuel operation with natural gas in a prechamber diesel engine was studied with special emphasis on fuel consumption and cylinder pressure development. The effects of air restriction, pilot diesel flow rate, and injection timing were also investigated. Near full load the fuel energy consumption rate was close to that of straight diesel operation though at part load (in the absence of air restriction) the fuel energy consumption rate was relatively high. In the absence of injection timing adjustment the maximum power output of dual-fuel operation was severely limited by the maximum cylinder pressure. Retarding the injection timing is effective in reducing the maximum cylinder pressure to a safe level. The analysis of apparent energy release indicates the differences in combustion mechanism between auto-ignition of diesel fuel in straight diesel operation and propagation of flame fronts in dual-fuel operation.

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