Heat Balance Calculation of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction Process in a Converter

2012 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang ◽  
De Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
Chromium Ore ◽  
The Heat Balance

The heat balance calculation of producing stainless steel crude melts by chromium ore smelting reduction in a 150 t converter is carried out by use of the empirical data and the calculation method of refining plain carbon steel in a converter, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. In the heat balance calculation, the heat consumption is calculated according to the actual reduction process in the converter and the thermal efficiency and the coefficient of thermal energy of smelting reduction converter are calculated. The calculation results show that the thermal efficiency η is 60.143% and the coefficient of thermal energy KT is 71.743%. The calculated relative error of heat balance is 0.019%. Heat balance calculation is an important part of the converter smelting process calculation, and it is extremely significant in the pursuit of the converter production of high quality and low energy consumption.

Mixture Calculation of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction Process in a Converter

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 316-319
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang ◽  
De Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Chromium Ore ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Slag Component

The mixture calculation of producing stainless steel crude melts by chromium ore smelting reduction in a 150 t converter is carried out by use of the empirical data and the calculation method of refining plain carbon steel in a converter, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. The calculation results show that the required total consumption of chrome ore, coke and limestone in the smelting reduction process is 224.942 kg, 154.9 kg and 99.223 kg, respectively, under the conditions of this calculation. The total amount of slag includes the amounts of hot metal elements oxidation into slag, lining erosion into slag and chromium ore, coke and adding flux into the slag, which is calculated respectively according to the basic raw data and the set values of process parameters. The slag component is confirmed, namely, the actual basicity w(CaO)/w(SiO2)=2.6, the percentage of CaF2 in slag is 3~4 wt%, and the calculated w(MgO)/w(Al2O3)=0.7. In the actual production, the addition of chrome ore, coke and flux is increased by 3%, 2% and 1%, respectively.

Theory and Application of Stage-by-Stage Evaluation for Steam Turbine State-Line

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 240-260
Author(s):  
Robert Latorre ◽  
Zisimos Mourelatos ◽  
Efstratios Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Standard Heat ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Design Case ◽  
The Heat Balance

A theoretical model of a steam turbine is formulated based on idealized Curtis and reaction stages to obtain expressions for a stage-by-stage evaluation of the turbine state line. Using typical stage geometries and corrections a computer program was developed to size the turbine and evaluate its state line at design conditions. A comparison of the heat balance made with the stage-by-stage state line and the standard heat balance is presented. For the design case of 30 000 shp it is shown that the differences in the heat balance calculation results are within ±0.5 percent.

Heat Transfer in Gas-Insulated Bus Bars

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ki Ham ◽  
Young-Ki Kim ◽  
Jin-Soo Kim ◽  
Seok-Hyun Song
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Flow Field Analysis ◽  
Laminar Natural Convection ◽  
The Heat Balance

Numerical prediction and experimental verification of the temperature rise for a single-phase and a three-phase gas-insulated bus bar with current flow are investigated. Various heat generation rates possibly produced in the gas-insulated bus bar are calculated. To estimate the power loss caused by eddy current, the magnetic field analysis is carried out. The heat balance calculation solving the differential form of an energy balance equation with empirical relations is conducted by using the 5th order Runge-Kutta method. The various cases representing different geometries and current values are investigated by conducting the heat balance calculation. Three-dimensional numerical flow field analysis using finite volume method is performed for the different type of the bus bars. From the flow field analysis based on laminar natural convection, the temperature gradient in the current flowing direction caused by contact heat source is found for both single-phase and three-phase bus bars. In the experiments, temperature rises in each of conductor, contact part, and external tank are measured for a full-scale gas-insulated bus bar. The comparisons of the predicted values of the heat balance calculation and the numerical analyses to results of the experiments are made. From the comparisons, it is concluded that the temperature rise of a bus bar can be predicted quite well by performing laminar natural convection flow analyses.

Process Calculation of Producing Stainless Steel Crude Melts by the Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction in a Converter

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 4442-4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang ◽  
De Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Chromium Ore ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
First Time ◽  
Process Calculation

The process calculation of producing stainless steel crude melts by smelting reduction in a 150 t converter is carried out for the first time by use of the empirical data and calculation method of refining plain carbon steel in a converter, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. Using the self-programming procedure for the processing calculation, the proper coke quantity and a complete set of calculation data for the process of smelting reduction in a converter are obtained, including the batch calculation, the material balance and heat balance calculations. The calculation results show that the increase of PCR can decrease the quantity of coke and actual oxygen consumption considerably, and improve the thermal efficiency of smelting reduction converter. For producing 18 wt% Cr stainless steel crude melts, comparing with the process of electric arc furnace, the process of smelting reduction in a converter can reduce the production cost greatly. The use of the recycled metal containing chromium can shorten blowing time and improve the yield of chromium.

scholarly journals Heat Balance Calculation and Energy Efficiency Analysis for Building Clusters Based on Psychrometric Chart

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7606
Author(s):  
Shihai Yang ◽  
Huiling Su ◽  
Xun Dou ◽  
Mingming Chen ◽  
Yixuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis

How to perform accurate calculation of heat balance and quantitative analysis of energy efficiency for building clusters is an urgent problem to be solved to reduce building energy consumption and improve energy utilization efficiency. This article proposes a method for the heat balance calculation and energy efficiency analysis of building clusters based on enthalpy and humidity diagrams and applies it to the energy management of building clusters containing primary return air systems and heating pipe networks. Firstly, the basic structure and energy management principle of building clusters with a primary return air system and a heating pipe network were given, and the heat balance calculation and energy efficiency analysis method based on i-d diagram was proposed to realize the accurate calculation of heat load and the quantification of energy utilization. Secondly, the energy management model of the building cluster with a primary return air system and a heating pipe network was established to efficiently manage the indoor temperature and the heating schedule of ASHP, HN and HI. Finally, the proposed method was validated by calculation examples, and the results showed that the proposed method is beneficial for improving the energy economy and energy efficiency of building clusters.

Research on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction Process for Producing Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang ◽  
De Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Chromium Ore ◽  
Dissolution Model ◽  
Direct Alloying ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Kinetics Of

For describing and resolving the process of chromium ore smelting reduction preferably, the research status on the thermodynamics and kinetics of chromium ore smelting reduction process was summarized, based on the introduction of the process for smelting stainless steel with hot metal in a converter. The existing problems for smelting stainless steel by chromium ore smelting reduction in a converter were also discussed and some suggestions were made for the future work. A lot of investigations about the thermodynamics and the reduction mechanisms of chromium ore have been done. However, the consistent view about the thermodynamic feasibility and the mechanism of smelting reduction has not been achieved, so the application of research results is limited. Little work about the reaction kinetic model for the production of stainless steel by chromium ore smelting reduction and direct alloying has been done. So the synthetic kinetic model including a dissolution model and a reduction model of chromium ore should be built to predict and control accurately the process.

Study and Design of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction Process for Producing Stainless Steel in a Converter

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang ◽  
De Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Chromium Ore ◽  
Rational Production ◽  
Iron And Steel Works ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes the concept of the construction of steelmaking shop, which is carried out as part of a modernization plan aimed at creating a 21st century environmental-friendly iron and steel works, designs the smelting reduction process of producing stainless steel crude melts in a 150 t converter and presents an outline of the equipment specifications and the conditions of operation, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. In the future, a rational production system will be constructed by flexible selection of raw materials in response to changing stainless steel raw material prices and further improvement in productivity and quality, making the maximum use of functions of the equipment.

Material Balance Calculation of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction and Direct Alloying Process in a Converter

2012 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 574-577
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang ◽  
De Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
Chromium Ore ◽  
Direct Alloying ◽  
Material Balance Calculation

The production process of stainless steel by chromium ore smelting reduction and direct alloying is an important and advanced way to raise the productivity of stainless steel, decrease the production cost, save electric energy and improve the economic profit. The material balance calculation of producing stainless steel crude melts by chromium ore smelting reduction in a 150 t converter is carried out by use of the empirical data and the calculation method of refining plain carbon steel in a converter, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. It includes the actual oxygen consumption, furnace gas composition and occurrence amount, mass calculation of stainless steel crude melts and preparation of total material balance table. The absolute error of material balance is -2.859 kg and the relative error is -0.169%. The error is very small, so the material balance calculation can provide certain quantitative basis for determining reasonable design parameters and increasing smelting technology economic indicators.

Analysis of electro- and thermophysical processes occurring during electrocontact baking of flour products.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
V.I. Maklyukov ◽  
◽  
E.O. Gerasimova ◽  
N. V. Labutina ◽  
E.N. Rogozkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Electric Contact ◽  
Wheat Dough ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Free Moisture ◽  
Contact Heating ◽  
The Heat Balance

The article considers the results of research conducted during electric contact heating of rye-wheat dough pieces. It is established that the electrical conductivity of the crumb dough does not depend on the total humidity of the material, but mainly on the amount of free moisture. Using the current and temperature graphs, you can imagine how free moisture changes during the baking process and the influence of the thermophysical and colloidal process on the change in the value of free moisture. Experimentally determined the amount of heat that is spent on baking 1 kg of bread. The accuracy of the theoretical calculation of this parameter in the heat balance of the baking chamber is confirmed.

Refined thermal calculation of the locomotive heat engine collector

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
P.V. Gubarev ◽  
D.V. Glazunov ◽  
V.G. Ruban ◽  
A.S. Shapshal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Traction Electric Motor

The thermal calculation of the locomotive traction engine collector is proposed. The equations of the heat balance of its elements are obtained taking into account the cooling air. The calculation results and experimental data of thermal imaging control are presented. Keywords: traction electric motor, collector, thermal calculation, thermal imaging control. [email protected]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document