ABSTRACTSurabaya River is a source of raw water for the needs of the community in Surabaya and its surrounding areas, including for industrial and the Surabaya water supply company. Along with the rapid growth of settlements and the development of the industrial sector, the Surabaya River pollution level has increased so that the quality of the water does not meet the quality standards required as raw water for drinking water. The most potential parameter that causes the level of pollution is organic pollutants. The concentration of some water quality parameters including organic pollutants in the Surabaya River has exceeded class I water quality standards based on Government Regulation (PP) No. 82 of 2001, namely for allotment of raw water for drinking water. The purpose of this study was to improve the raw water quality such as parameters of suspended solids (TSS), organic substances, detergents and manganese (Mn) through the application of biofilter technology. The study was conducted by operating a biofilter pilot plant consisting of a lamella-type settling tank and a biofilter reactor filled with wasp-type nesting media. The results showed that the biofilter process used can reduce the concentration of TSS, organic matter, detergents and Mn in raw water. In general, the longer the hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the biofilter pilot plant, the greater the efficiency of removing TSS, organic matter, and detergent in raw water. The experiments results at the conditions of the shortest total HRT of 81 minutes, including HRT of 36 minutes in the settling tank and HRT of 45 minutes in the biofilter reactor, could obtain TSS removal efficiency of 46.92%, 15.97% for organic matter, and 55% for detergent, where the concentration of these parameters meets the quality standards for drinking water.Keywords: biofiltration, HRT, drinking water, water qualityABSTRAKSungai Surabaya merupakan sumber air baku untuk kebutuhan masyarakat di wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya, termasuk untuk kebutuhan industri dan air baku PDAM kota Surabaya. Seiring pesatnya pertumbuhan pemukiman dan perkembangan sektor industri, mengakibatkan tingkat pencemaran Sungai Surabaya semakin tinggi sehingga kualitas airnya tidak memenuhi ketentuan baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan sebagai air baku air minum. Parameter yang paling potensial menyebabkan tingkat pencemaran tersebut adalah polutan organik. Konsentrasi beberapa parameter kualitas air termasuk polutan organik di sungai Surabaya telah melebihi baku mutu air kelas I berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No 82 tahun 2001, yakni untuk peruntukan air baku air minum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan peningkatan kualitas air baku seperti parameter padatan tersuspensi (TSS), zat organik, deterjen dan mangan (Mn) melalui penerapan teknologi biofilter. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengoperasikan pilot plant biofilter yang terdiri dari bak pengendap tipe lamella dan reaktor biofilter yang diisi dengan media plastik tipe sarang tawon. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa proses biofilter yang digunakan dapat menurunkan konsentrasi TSS, zat organik, deterjen dan Mn di dalam air baku. Secara umum semakin lama waktu tinggal di dalam pilot plant biofilter, efisiensi penghilangan TSS, zat organik, dan deterjen di dalam air baku semakin besar. Hasil percobaan pada kondisi total waktu tinggal terpendek (total HRT) 81 menit, meliputi HRT di bak pengendap 36 menit dan HRT di reaktor biofilter 45 menit, didapatkan efisensi penghilangan TSS 46,92 %, zat organik 15,97 %, dan deterjen 55 %, dimana konsentrasi parameter-parameter tersebut memenuhi baku mutu untuk air minum.Kata kunci: biofiltrasi, HRT, air minum, kualitas air
Influencing Factors of Groundwater Organic Pollution around the Bosten Lake Area of Xinjiang, China
