Research on the Dangerous Quality of Roasting Lighter for Electric Heater

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 2461-2464
Author(s):  
Lian Tie Wang ◽  
Chang Zheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Heating ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Quartz Tube ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Large Space

This dissertation is centered about the research on the quartz-tube roasting lighter for electric heater by the simulative test methods. The experiments are carried out and accomplished in a large space laboratory. It turns out that the burning possibility are directly related to three aspects, including the power of electric heating, the distance between the lighter and electric heating, and, most importantly,the surrounding combustible condition. When the lighter is heated by electric heating and get blasted, combustible tend to be caught fire instantly if it is near to the lighter and the cause of fire, vice versa.

Animal Models and Alternatives in the Quality Control of Vaccines: Are In Vitro Methods or In Vivo Methods the Scientific Equivalent of the Emperor's New Clothes?

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Coenraad Hendriksen ◽  
Johan van der Gun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Vitro Test

In the quality control of vaccine batches, the potency testing of inactivated vaccines is one of the areas requiring very large numbers of animals, which usually suffer significant distress as a result of the experimental procedures employed. This article deals with the potency testing of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, two vaccines which are used extensively throughout the world. The relevance of the potency test prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia monographs is questioned. The validity of the potency test as a model for the human response, the ability of the test to be standardised, and the relevance of the test in relation to the quality of the product are discussed. It is concluded that the potency test has only limited predictive value for the antitoxin responses to be expected in recipients of these toxoids. An alternative approach for estimating the potency of toxoid batches is discussed, in which a distinction is made between estimation of the immunogenic potency of the first few batches obtained from a seed lot and monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches. The use of animals is limited to the first few batches. Monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches is based on in vitro test methods. Factors which hamper the introduction and acceptance of the alternative approach are considered. Finally, proposals are made for replacement, reduction and/or refinement (the Three Rs) in the use of animals in the routine potency testing of toxoids.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Intergranular Corrosion Tests on EN AW-6016 Sheet Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Peer Decker ◽  
Ines Zerbin ◽  
Luisa Marzoli ◽  
Marcel Rosefort
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Corrosion Depth ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Test Parameters

Two different intergranular corrosion tests were performed on EN AW-6016 sheet material, an ISO 11846:1995-based test with varying solution amounts and acid concentrations, and a standard test of an automotive company (PV1113, VW-Audi). The average intergranular corrosion depth was determined via optical microscopy. The differences in the intergranular corrosion depths were then discussed with regard to the applicability and quality of the two different test methods. The influence of varying test parameters for ISO 11846:1995 was discussed as well. The determined IGC depths were found to be strongly dependent on the testing parameters, which will therefore have a pronounced influence on the determined IGC susceptibility of a material. In general, ISO 11846:1995 tests resulted in a significantly lower corrosion speed, and the corrosive attack was found to be primarily along grain boundaries.

Analysis of the Test Method of Quartz Glass Optical Homogeneity

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Bo Fu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zhu Feng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Glass ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Optical Homogeneity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Interference Measurement ◽  
Optical Quartz Glass

The optical quartz glass is widely applied in optical system , photo communications，inertial navigation，etc.It must have high optical homogeneity. Optical homogeneity of the optical quartz glass directly affects the wavefront quality of the optical transmission system, and changes the wavefront aberration of the system. How to accurately determine the optical homogeneity of the quartz glass is especially important. Currently，the method of test for optical homogeneity mainly used by interference principle. This paper analyzes various existing interference measurement method and test equipment. Summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various test methods，using range and measurement accuracy.

Assessment of the aftertreatment quality of concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ptacek ◽  
Alfred Strauss ◽  
Clémence Bos ◽  
Martin Peyerl
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Complex Construction

<p>The curing of concrete is extremely important for the durability of a reinforced concrete structure. In practice, due to the complex construction processes, the very limited phases and the lack of control, aftertreatment is often neglected by executing companies. Hence infrastructure operators are therefore very interested in having a robust, simple tool that enables aftertreatment to be easily checked and, as a result, to convey the importance of this process step to the client. In the project presented here, classic and novel test methods are presented and discussed, as well as their suitability for the detection of the aftertreatment quality on laboratory samples and subsequently on some real structures.</p>

Transient Heat Transfer Simulation in Rapid Heat Cycle Molding with Electric Heating

2012 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Shao Fei Jiang ◽  
Yin Kong ◽  
Ji Quan Li ◽  
Guo Zhong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Heat Cycle ◽  
Heat Transfer Simulation ◽  
Plastic Injection ◽  
Plastic Products

The demand of high quality for plastic products has facilitated the development of Plastic Injection Molding Technology, many new sorts of methods were created to improve the surface quality of plastic products, such as Rapid Heat Cycle Molding. But the temperature response law hasn’t figured out yet, and the influence elements of this process haven’t been clear, which seriously delay the appliction of Rapid Heat Cycle Molding.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Bitumen with Nanocarbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Teltayev ◽  
A.A. Kalybai ◽  
G.G. Izmailova ◽  
S.R. Rossi ◽  
E.D. Amirbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Excess Surface ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance

Physical and chemical indicators of bitumen quality of grade BND 70/100 with the added carbon nanopowder 2% by weight have been studied by laboratory test methods and analysis. High reaction ability of nanopowder particles and concentration of excess surface and internal energy in them have been determined, which provide the increase of low-temperature resistance, aggregate strength, and improvement of rheological properties of nanostructured bitumen. Essential structure variation has been proved: the increase of asphaltenes and oils content for 9% and 7.2% respectively due to the decrease of resins for 16.2% by weight. Methods have been discussed for preparing a liquid nanocarbon mix, adding of the mix into bitumen and homogenization of the bitumen. Some economic indicators have been represented which influence essentially the reduction for the cost value of the nanostructure bitumen.

The Mechanical Properties of the Pipe Steel after Rolling at the Plate Mill

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Sergei I. Platov ◽  
V.A. Nekit ◽  
M.L. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pipe Steel ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Production Output ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Indicator

A study of the mechanical properties of the finished metal products was carried out. All types of metal products are subjected to continuous quality control, both on the production output at the manufacturer of billets, and on the production entrance at the consumer of metal. Control subject are: strength characteristics (tensile strength σв and yield stress σ02 and the characteristics of plasticity (relative elongation δ and relative necking ψ). The pipe steels have another important controlled characteristic: the impact toughness КСU-60. All the test methods are the destroying ones and are characterized by high complexity. The task of reducing the types of tests, the introduction of a comprehensive indicator of product quality is an urgent technical task. The purpose of this work is to study the regularities of changes in the indicators that determine the quality of the sheet metal from the pipe steel.

scholarly journals Traction control and diagnostics of electric and unmanned vehicles on roller stands

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Alexander Fedotov ◽  
Oleg Yankov ◽  
Anton Chernyshkov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Traction Control ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

The authors of the article analyze the possibilities of correct diagnostics of unmanned and electric vehicles on modern power and inertia roller stands. The purpose of this work is to improve the quality of monitoring the technical condition of wheeled vehicles by providing highly informative and stable test modes of operation in the process of their diagnostics. To achieve this target, we have developed test methods for wheeled vehicles, the implementation of which it is proposed to use a hybrid designed stand allows to measure force and power to the drive wheels of the vehicle, and temporal and kinematic parameters of the process of its functioning. The study proved that, to ensure a highly stable and test modes of operation of wheeled vehicles in the process of control of technical condition and diagnosis, you should use hybrid stands.

Comparison of Standardized Test Methods for Determining the Permeability of the Surface Layer of Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 1122 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Tereza Komárková ◽  
Monika Králíková ◽  
Dalibor Kocáb ◽  
Petr Misák ◽  
Tomáš Stavař
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

The durability of concrete can be assessed based on the quality of the surface layer of concrete, for which there are a few standardized assessment test methods. Usually, the quality of the surface layer of concrete is evaluated based on its air and water permeability. The aim of this experiment was to compare the outputs which provide some methods for determining the permeability of the surface layer of concrete (GWT, ISAT, TPT, the depth of penetration of water under pressure). The measured values using the individual methods of assessing the permeability of the surface layer of concrete very closely correspond.

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