The Experimental Study of Residential Kitchen Gradually Expanding Oriented Structural Member Exhaust Pipe System Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2827-2831
Author(s):  
Yue Ren Wang ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Zhi Yang Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Structural Member ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Operating Rate ◽  
The Cross ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this paper is to study the residential kitchen exhaust pipe system by introducing a gradually expanding oriented structural member called GEOSM for short and analyze the experimental effects of exhaust volume. With the change of the operating rate, we can obtain the best size of the GEOSM. In order to collate and analyze the experimental data, test the experimental effects of the g GEOSM of different sizes. Not only the pressure of main and branch but also the wind speed of the branch is recorded in this paper. In six floors of 400*250 gradually expanding oriented structural member exhaust pipe system, the fan’s volume can completely meet the basic requirements of everyday life whether its volume is high-end or low-end. The effect of exhaust is obviously better than the other size of the GEOSM when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 250mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm.There arises more smoke down when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 300mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

SETTING A DIAGRAM APPROACH TO CALCULATING VIBRATED, CENTRIFUGED AND VIBROCENTRIFUGED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH A VARIATROPIC STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Л. Р. Маилян ◽  
С. А. Стельмах ◽  
Е. М. Щербань ◽  
М. П. Нажуев
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Columns ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Diagram Approach

Состояние проблемы. Железобетонные элементы изготавливаются, как правило, по трем основным технологиям - вибрированием, центрифугированием и виброцентрифугированием. Однако все основные расчетные зависимости для определения их несущей способности выведены, исходя из основного постулата - постоянства и равенства характеристик бетона по сечению, что реализуется лишь в вибрированных колоннах. Результаты. В рамках диаграммного подхода предложены итерационный, приближенный и упрощенный способы расчета несущей способности железобетонных вибрированных, центрифугированных и виброцентрифугированных колонн. Выводы. Расчет по диаграммному подходу показал существенно более подходящую сходимость с опытными данными, чем расчет по методике норм, а также дал лучшие результаты при использовании дифференциальных характеристик бетона, чем при использовании интегральных и, тем более, нормативных характеристик бетона. Statement of the problem. Reinforced concrete elements are typically manufactured according to three basic technologies - vibration, centrifugation and vibrocentrifugation. However, all the basic calculated dependencies for determining their bearing capacity were derived using the main postulate, i.e., the constancy and equality of the characteristics of concrete over the cross section, which is implemented only in vibrated columns. Results. Within the framework of the diagrammatic approach, iterative, approximate and simplified methods of calculating the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete vibrated, centrifuged and vibrocentrifuged columns are proposed. Conclusions. The calculation according to the diagrammatic approach showed a significantly better convergence with the experimental data than that using the method of norms, and also performs better when using differential characteristics of concrete than when employing integral and particularly standard characteristics of concrete.

Thermal Model of a Thinned-Die Cooling System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boiadjieva ◽  
P. Koev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Input Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Optical Probing ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Better Than

For through-silicon optical probing of microprocessors, the heat generated by devices with power over 100W must be dissipated [1]. To accommodate optical probing, a seemingly elaborate cooling system that controls the microprocessor temperature from 60 to 100° C for device power up to 150W was designed [2]. The system parameters to achieve the desired thermal debug environment were cooling air temperature and air flow. A mathematical model was developed to determine both device temperature and input power. The 3-D heat equation that governs the temperature distribution was simplified to a case of a 1-D rod with one end at the device center and the other at the cooling air intake. Thus the cooling system was reduced to an analytical expression. From experimental data, we computed all coefficients in the model, then ran extensive tests to verify—the accuracy was better than 10% over the entire temperature and power ranges.

Diversity and evolution of stem structure in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Priscila Bispo de Almeida Cardoso Marcondes ◽  
Rafael Trevisan ◽  
Maria Cecilia de Chiara Moço ◽  
Cleusa Bona
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
Stem Structure

Abstract Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) includes more than 300 species of perennial or annual herbs, frequently found on poorly drained soils. The species are morphologicaly similar, and the taxonomy is difficult because their vegetative and reproductive structures are very reduced. Previous study on the stem architecture in the subgenus Limnochloa showed that anatomical features help in the interpretation of the evolution, taxonomy and ecological aspects of the group. Our objectives were to add new characters from the stem (= culm) structure, to explore the characters in a greater number of Eleocharis species, representatives of the other subgenera, and add these data in a new phylogenetic analysis with molecular data. The study covered 68 species obtained from herbaria and fixed material. In addition to the stem architecture, the internal organization of the tissues, the cross-section format, the presence or absence of stretched cells in aerenchyma air gaps and the plant size were included in the morphological analysis. Our data confirm that spongy aerenchyma pattern is the ancestral condition while the mixed and septate patterns occurred independent and punctually. Only the cross-section format was variable among specimens while the other characters were uniform and relevant for taxonomic use.

scholarly journals Evaluating Different Methods for Determining the Velocity-Dip Position over the Entire Cross Section and at the Centerline of a Rectangular Open Channel

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Zhongfan Zhu ◽  
Pengfei Hei ◽  
Jie Dou ◽  
Dingzhi Peng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Tsallis Entropy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Entire Cross Section ◽  
General Index

The velocity profile of an open channel is an important research topic in the context of open channel hydraulics; in particular, the velocity-dip position has drawn the attention of hydraulic scientists. In this study, analytical expressions for the velocity-dip position over the entire cross section and at the centerline of a rectangular open channel are derived by adopting probability methods based on the Tsallis and general index entropy theories. Two kinds of derived entropy-based expressions have the same mathematical form as a function of the lateral distance from the sidewall of the channel or of the aspect ratio of the channel. Furthermore, for the velocity-dip position over the entire cross section of the rectangular open channel, the derived expressions are compared with each other, as well as with two existing deterministic models and the existing Shannon entropy-based expression, using fifteen experimental datasets from the literature. An error analysis shows that the model of Yang et al. and the Tsallis entropy-based expression predict the lateral distribution of the velocity-dip position better than the other proposed models. For the velocity-dip position at the centerline of the rectangular open channel, six existing conventional models, the derived Tsallis and general index entropy-based expressions, and the existing Shannon entropy-based models are tested against twenty-one experimental datasets from the literature. The results show that the model of Kundu and the Shannon entropy-based expression have superior prediction accuracy with respect to experimental data compared with other models. With the exception of these models, the Tsallis entropy-based expression has the highest correlation coefficient value and the lowest root mean square error value for experimental data among the other models. This study indicates that the Tsallis entropy could be a good addition to existing deterministic models for predicting the lateral distribution of the velocity-dip position of rectangular open channel flow. This work also shows the potential of entropy-based expressions, the Shannon entropy and the Tsallis entropy in particular, to predict the velocity-dip position at the centerline of both narrow and wide rectangular open channels.

The inner shell ionization of atoms by electron impact

1940 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. S. Burhop ◽  
H. S. W. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electron Impact ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Nickel Silver ◽  
Inner Shell Ionization ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Shell Ionization ◽  
Good Agreement

Calculations have been made of the cross-section for ionization of the inner shells of atoms by electron impact in the cases of the K-shells of nickel, silver, mercury and of the three L-shells of silver and mercury.The agreement with experiment is reasonably good for the K-shell ionization, but only fair in the case of the rather meagre experimental data available for the L-shell. The values obtained for the relative ionization in the K- and L-shells are in good agreement with those to be expected from experiment.

scholarly journals NICKEL BIOSORPTION BY FINELY GROUND WASTE SLUDGE / NIKELIO BIOSORBAVIMAS SMULKIAI SUMALTU NUOTEKŲ DUMBLU / БИОСОРБЦИЯ НИКЕЛЯ МЕЛКО ИЗМЕЛЬЧЕННЫМ ИЛОМ СТОКОВ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Hannachi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solution by finely ground waste sludge (FGWS) was investigated. Waste sludge samples obtained from a varnishes and lacquers industry wastewater treatment plant was dried, ground and pre-treated with 1% H2O2 to improve the biosorption capacity. Kinetics of nickel biosorption onto FGWS was investigated by using the FGWS samples with particle size of 62.2 µm. The pseudo-first and second order rate expressions were used to correlate the experimental data. The kinetic constants were determined for both models and the second order rate expression was found to be more suitable. Three different biosorption isotherms were used to correlate the equilibrium biosorption data and the isotherm constants were determined. The Langmuir isotherm was found to fit the experimental data better than the other tested isotherms. The biosorption capacity (qm) and saturation constant (K) for the Langmuir isotherm showed that finely ground waste sludge has the largest capacity and affinity for removal of Ni(II) compared to the other Activated sludges. Santrauka Nagrinėjami Ni(II) šalinimo iš vandeninių tirpalų smulkiai sumaltu nuotekų dumblu (SSND) tyrimų rezultatai. Nuotekų dumblo pavyzdžiai imti iš glazūravimo ir lakavimo pramonės nuotekų valymo įrenginių, išdžiovinti, susmulkinti ir apdoroti 1% H2O2, kad padidėtų biosorbcijos tūris. Nikelio sorbcijos SSND kinetika tirta naudojant SSND bandinius, kurių dalelių dydis 62,2 µm. Pseudo pirmojo ir antrojo laipsnio greičio išraiškos buvo taikomos eksperimentinių duomenų koreliacijai apibrėžti. Kinetinė konstanta nustatyta abiejų modelių, tačiau antrojo laipsnio greičio išraiška buvo tinkamesnė. Pagal tris skirtingas biosorbcijos izotermes nustatyta biosorbcijos pusiausvyros duomenų koreliacija, rastos izotermių konstantos. Langmiuro (Langmuir) izotermė geriau atitiko eksperimentinius duomenis nei kitos tirtosios izotermės. Pagal Langmiuro izotermę biosorbcijos geba (q m) ir prisotinimo konstanta (K) rodė, kad smulkiai sumalto nuotekų dumblo geba šalinti Ni(II) yra didžiausia, palyginti su kitos rūšies aktyvintojo dumblo. Резюме Исследуется удаление Ni(II) из водных растворов мелко измельченным илом стоков (МИИС). Образцы ила стоковбыли взяты из оборудования по очистке стоков в промышленности по глазурованию и лакованию. Затем образцы были высушены, измельчены и обработаны 1-процентным H2O2, с целью увеличить объем биосорбции. Кинетика сорбции никеля МИИС исследовалась с применением образцов МИИС, величина частиц которых составляла62,2 μм. Выражения скорости псевдопервой и псевдовторой степени использовались для определения корреляции экспериментальных данных. Кинетическая константа была установлена для обеих моделей. Однако выражение скорости второй степени оказалось более приемлемым. Три разные изотермы биосорбции применялись для определения корреляции данных по равновесию биосорбции и констант изотерм. Изотерма Langmuir лучше совпала с экспериментальными данными, чем другие испытуемые изотермы. Способность биосорбции (q m) изотермы Langmuir и константа насыщения (K) показали, что мелко измельченный ил стоков обладает наибольшей способностью удалять Ni(II) по сравнению с другими видами активированного ила.

The Bakerian lecture.— On the forms of equipotential curves and surfaces and on lines of flow

1876 ◽  
Vol 24 (164-170) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curves And Surfaces ◽  
Conducting Wire ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
The One

When any portion of a conducting-wire which joins the two poles of a voltaic battei'y is increased in size, the resistance of the circuit is diminished and a greater current flows through the wire ; and as any increase in the cross section of any portion of the wire causes a corre­sponding increase in the current, it is clear that there is no part of the conducting-wire through which some portion of the current does not flow from the one pole to the other; and the outer boundary of such a wire will be a line of flow. A line of flow is a line drawn in a conductor which indicates at every point of it the direction of the current at that point. A portion of the conductor completely enclosed by lines of flow may be termed a tube of flow.

DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS IN HUMAN SPINAL CORD

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAE YUKAWA ◽  
T. KOBAYASHI ◽  
Y. QIU ◽  
N. KAMEDA ◽  
Y. ITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Level ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
The Cross

The distribution of elements in human spinal cord was investigated on unfixed frozen cord material using PIXE technique. Distribution of Cu, Zn and Fe were not uniform in the cross section of the spinal cord and concentrations of these elements were higher in the anterior gray horn than in the other areas, while K and Cl distributed uniformly. The content of K changed along the spinsl cord from the cervical to the lumbar level. These findings are discussed in relation to current understanding of the physiology of the spinal cord.

scholarly journals ЩОДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО РАЦІОНАЛЬНУ ФОРМУ ПРЕСОВАНОГО БУЛЬБОКОСИНЦЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
А. Г. Дибир ◽  
А. А. Кирпикин ◽  
Н. И. Пекельный
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Aircraft Panels ◽  
Better Than

In airplane building and helicopter engineering a bulb angle bar  an angle bar with a bulb at the end of a wall are widespread. They are better than a simple angle bar, since they have higher critical stresses under compression more than the proportionality limit. They are better than T bar, as T bar are fastened with two rows of rivets, which impairs tightness. Bulb angle bar are better than Z bar. The latter are higher, which reduces the structural height of the cross section and increases the load on the panel and usually have an excess cross-sectional area. Bulb angle bars are widely used in the structure of metal fuselages of airplanes and helicopters, in the tail boom of helicopters, in the wing and tail unit of light aircraft, in flaps, ailerons and rudders. However, modern the bulb angle bar have a significant drawback.When a bulb angle bar is loaded by a transverse load from the skin in the wing structure, tail unit, fuselage, except of normal stresses from bending of the stringer with attached skin, supported by ribs or frames, additional normal and shear torsional stresses arise. This torsion is caused by the fact that the lateral load is not applied at the center of the bend. Additional stresses reduce the service life and tightness of the structure in this place. An altered cross-sectional shape of the bulb is proposed for use in light aircraft panels to increase their strength and service life. The change in shape had a significant impact on the location of the center of the bend in the cross section. The determination of the position of the center of the bend in the balloncube was carried out using the Wagner model with walls not working for shear stresses. The modified cross-sectional shape of the bulbogon allowed to reduce the level of residual stresses after the panels were assembled, to rationally transfer the load from the casing to the stringer and to improve the technology of their assembly in the panels. It is recommended to drill holes for rivets in the stringer in the middle of the entire width of its shelf, taking into account the wall.A modified cross-sectional shape of a corner with bulb is proposed for use in light aircraft panels. The change in shape had a significant impact on the location of the center of the bend in the cross section. This made it possible to reduce the level of residual stresses after the assembly of the panels, to rationally transfer the load from the casing to the stringer and to improve the technology of their assembly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document