Study on Pollination Characteristics and Hybrid Offspring Analysis on Hickory (Carya cathayensis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3289-3297
Author(s):  
Zheng Jia Wang ◽  
Ian Qin Huang ◽  
You Jun Huang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Bing Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Carya Cathayensis

Hickory (Carya cathayensis) is an important ornamental tree in China. Crossbreeding is carried out with hickory as female parent, pollinating with pecan (C. illinoensis) pollen and other different types of pollen treatments. Fruit set percentage, fruits and seeds characters, pollen germination in vitro and situ and identification of seedling using AFLP and RAPD are studied in order to get pollination characteristics on hickory. The results showed that hickory and pecan pollens were not germination on 14 different components media. Hickory pollens start germinating on the female flower stigma pollinated after 8 h and universal after 24 h using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There is a small amount of fruits under cover treatment, without-pollination treatment and 2, 4-D treatment. The rate of fruit setting is the biggest up to 42.2% when female flowers are pollinated with mixed pollen within populations on hickory. Among harvested fruits and seeds, fruit phenotypic characteristics show large variation when pollinating with pecan. Fruits and seeds weight and size are significant difference comparing with the control. The frequency of polyembryony is about 9.04%. Offsprings of C. cathayensis × C. illinoensis are not true hybrids using AFLP and RAPD analysis. The variation of fruits is due to xenia effect. These results suggested that apomixis mechanism might exist on hickory.

scholarly journals Comparative Time-Dependent Evaluation of Dimensional Accuracy of Dies Using Different Tray Adhesives: An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Manjit Kumar ◽  
Shailesh Jain ◽  
Neha Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Crosshead Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Separation Failure

Abstract Statement of Problem The adhesion of impression material to impression tray is very important. Tray adhesive plays a major role in making accurate impression. Although manufactures recommend the use of particular tray adhesives, comparison of their affective adhesiveness has not been reported. The effect of use of tray adhesives on dimensional accuracy of dies has not been established. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the dimensional accuracy of dies using different tray adhesives at different time intervals. Materials and Methods First part of study comprised 120 samples in six groups with 20 samples in each group. First group comprised samples with no tray adhesive, and in other five groups, different types of tray adhesives were applied. The dies obtained were evaluated for upper diameter, lower diameter, and occlusogingival height. In the second part, there were a total of 125 samples in five groups with 25 samples in each group. Five different types of tray adhesive were applied for five different time intervals 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes, respectively. The specimens were tested in tensile mode for its debonding force at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min, until separation failure occurred. Results Significant difference was seen for upper and lower diameters when compared with the group without any tray adhesive. The maximum bond strength was found in the group in which tray adhesive was applied for 20 minutes.

In Vitro Testing of Elastomeric Modules

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. c. K. Chung ◽  
S. H. Y. Wei ◽  
I. R. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Study ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Canine Retraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Set Up

This study describes the in vitro testing of elastomeric modules. Measurements were first made from study models to establish the clinical distance over which modules are used for canine retraction. From this preliminary study, a typodont, banded with 0·018” × 0·025” standard edgewise brackets, was set up with the canin-molar distance at 28 mm. Modules for canine retraction were then fitted by 11 clinicians. The applied force ranged from 125 to 310 g (221±51 g). A similar, but more extensive study using six different types of modules and two clinician groups (experienced and less experienced clinicians) was then undertaken. Mean force values for different module types ranged from 195±45 g to 318±90 g. There was no statistically significant difference between the force values applied by experienced and less experienced clinicians

scholarly journals Chemical and mechanical methods on fruit setting and pomological traits of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) under Czech agro climatic condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Saket Mishra ◽  
Mithun Tarafdar ◽  
Ravi Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Chinese Jujube ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Bud Breaking

Abstract. The aim of this research was conducted to improve fruit set using different types of treatments and to find out the best treatment on the basis of number of fruits and pomological traits. For the research, ten years old 12 Lang cultivar of jujube trees and 3 seedlings from open pollinated of Ukraine genotypes were used. The tree spacing was 3.50×1.26 m. Spraying of Borax showed that average numbers of fruits were higher than the other treatments, average values of height, weight, width and thickness were also higher than the other treatments. On the other hand Urea and Girdling gave poor results in both years. In case of seedlings, different treatments for fruit setting have not given good results. Spraying with different treatments did not affect fruit-setting and pomological characteristics as well, in a larger scale. In 2006, bud breaking started in jujube cultivars on 28th April and in seedlings on 6th May. In 2007, bud breaking started in jujube cultivars 11 days earlier and 10 days earlier on 26th April in seedling. In jujube cultivars, there were some variations in the dates of flowering during 2006; the average date of flowering was 26th June in 2006 for all cultivars of jujube. In seedlings, flowering started on 6th July 2006. During 2007 flowering started in jujube cultivar jujube cultivars started flowering 12 days earlier and seedlings 22 days earlier. During 2006, fruit set started in jujube cultivars and seedlings, on 12th July and 14th July respectively. During 2007, fruit set started in jujube cultivars and seedlings on 1st July and 10th July respectively. In 2007 fruit set in jujube cultivars started 11 days earlier and in seedlings 4 days earlier. During 2006, ripening started in jujube cultivars and seedlings on 26th Sept. During 2007 ripening started in jujube cultivars and seedlings on 2nd and 10th Sep. respectively. In 2007, ripening started in jujube cultivars 24 days earlier and seedlings 16 days earlier. Statistical evaluations of the data showed the differences between 2006 and 2007.

scholarly journals In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Different Types of Impression Trays and Impression Materials on the Accuracy of Open Tray Implant Impressions: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonam Gupta ◽  
Aparna Ichalangod Narayan ◽  
Dhanasekar Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Impression Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. For a precise fit of multiple implant framework, having an accurate definitive cast is imperative. The present study evaluated dimensional accuracy of master casts obtained using different impression trays and materials with open tray impression technique.Materials and Methods. A machined aluminum reference model with four parallel implant analogues was fabricated. Forty implant level impressions were made. Eight groups (n=5) were tested using impression materials (polyether and vinylsiloxanether) and four types of impression trays, two being custom (self-cure acrylic and light cure acrylic) and two being stock (plastic and metal). The interimplant distances were measured on master casts using a coordinate measuring machine. The collected data was compared with a standard reference model and was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA.Results. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the two impression materials. However, the difference seen was small (36 μm) irrespective of the tray type used. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between varied stock and custom trays.Conclusions. The polyether impression material proved to be more accurate than vinylsiloxanether impression material. The rigid nonperforated stock trays, both plastic and metal, could be an alternative for custom trays for multi-implant impressions when used with medium viscosity impression materials.

scholarly journals The Effects of 1-Beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine and Adriamycin on the Chromosomes of Cultured Human Lymphocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keith Lyle McLea
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Chromatid Aberrations

<p>A study of chromosome aberrations induced by 1-Beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara C) and Adriamycin (AM) in the chromosomes of cultured human lymphocytes was made. There were significant increases in the frequency of aberrations with increasing concentrations of both Ara C (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mug/ml) and AM (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mug/ml). The frequency of aberrations induced by both drugs also showed a 'levelling off' above particular concentrations. For Ara C the effect of increasing treatment time was also studied. The frequency of aberrations increased significantly with increasing treatment times (2, 3 and 4 hrs) although no 'levelling off' in the number of aberrations was observed. The relationship between the frequency of the different types of aberrations induced by Ara C and AM was studied. AM allowed for a study of the relative frequency of chromosome versus chromatid aberrations and fragment versus exchange aberrations. There were always more fragments than exchanges, and always more chromatid aberrations than chromosome aberrations. Aberrations induced by Ara C were all of the chromatid fragment type. A study was made of the distribution of inter- and intra-chromosomal aberrations in relation to light and dark G banded chromosomes. Both drugs induced more aberrations in the light G bands than the dark G bands. Both drugs showed distinct clustering of aberrations in some regions of the chromosomes (hotspots), although the location of AM induced hotspots was different from the location of those induced by Ara C. The distribution of AM induced chromatid aberrations was different from the distribution of the chromosome aberrations, as were the distributions of the fragment and exchange aberrations. The different types of aberrations also differed in the number of AM induced aberrations per unit length between the p and q arms. There were more aberrations per unit length in the p arm than in the q arm for exchanges, whereas for fragments and chromosome aberrations the reverse was true. For chromatid aberrations, there was no significant difference in the number of aberrations per unit length between the p and q arms. Inter-individual differences in the frequency of AM induced aberrations were observed in the .AM dosage experiments. Also there was a suggestion that the distribution of Ara C induced aberrations was different for different donors. AM increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. Comparable results were not sought for Ara C because after cells were exposed to Ara C they did not pass through an S phase of the cell cycle, as is the case for cells exposed to AM. The relevance of the present in vitro studies to cancer chemotherapy is briefly discussed.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Two Different Polishing Techniques on Microleakage of New Composites in Class V Restorations

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meserret Baseren ◽  
Filiz Yalcin ◽  
Yonca Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Class V ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polishing systems on the microleakage of a nanofill, a nanohybrid, and a microhybrid composite in Class V cavities. Methods and Materials Preparations were made at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of 36 extracted human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups and restored with new resin composites according to the manufacturers’ instructions as follows: Group 1, Filtek Supreme & Single Bond; Group 2, Grandio & Solobond; and Group 3, Artemis & Excite. The restorations were finished with diamond finishing burs. The restored/finished teeth were randomly divided into two groups and polished using the following systems: Super-Snap (Al2O2 coated, abrasive disc system, fine grit, and extra fine grit) and Astropol/Astrobrush (silicon-based abrasive polisher point and polisher brush). All specimens were thermocycled 1000 times with a 10 second dwell time. They were immersed in 0.5% aqueous basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours and then sectioned buccal-lingual-longitudinally through the center of both restorations of each tooth and evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 30X magnification. The degree of dye penetration was quantified. Result No significant difference in leakage scores was observed in enamel margins (p=0.456, Kruskall Wallis test), but dentin margins were significantly affected by the different polishing systems (p=0.037, Kruskall Wallis test). The lower leakage scores were recorded for Astropol/Astrobrush polishing systems. The nanofill composite showed the least leakage among the test groups in this study. The most leakage was observed in nanohybrid composite resin (p<0.05, Mann Whitney U test). Conclusions Under the conditions of this in vitro study: the microleakage resistance of composites at enamel margins is not significantly affected by the different polishing systems; the lowest leakage scores were recorded for Astropol/Astrobrush polishing techniques in different types of composites; and the ranking of the composite materials from most to least leakage at the dentin margins according to polishing techniques was Grandio >Artemis > Filtek Supreme. Citation Yalcin F, Korkmaz Y, BasŞeren M. The Effect of Two Different Polishing Techniques on Microleakage of New Composites in Class V Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:018-025.

scholarly journals The Effect of Three Different Disinfectant Materials on Polyether Impressions by Spray Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ghasemi ◽  
Hamid Badrian ◽  
Nafiseh Hosseini ◽  
Navid Khalighinejad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
P Value ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACT Background Dentists, dental equipments and dental laboratories are exposed to different types of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three different types of disinfectant agents: Sodium hypochlorite 0.525%, Epimax and Deconex, on polyether impressions after 5 and 10 minutes. Materials and methods In this in vitro experimental study, 66 circular samples of polyether impression material of 1 cm diameter and 2 mm thickness were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Candida albicans fungus (PTCC5027). Except for control samples, all of them were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite 0.525, Deconex and Epimax by way of spraying. Afterward, they kept in plastic bags with humid rolled cotton for 5 and 10 minutes. In order to isolate bacteria, the samples were immersed in 2% trypsin for 1 hour and then the solution was diluted with normal salin in portion of 1, 1/2, and 1/4. The trypsin suspensions were transferred to culture plates and the number of colonies was counted after 24 and 48 hours for bacteria and after 72 hours for fungus. For data analysis Mann-Whitney statistical test was used (α = 0.05). Results Epimax and sodium hypochlorite thoroughly eliminated Candida albicans as time elapsed from 5 to 10 minutes; however, the other two microorganisms were not eliminated completely. Deconex was completely efficient for all microorganisms when immersion time was enhanced from 5 to 10 minutes. There was a significant difference between efficacy of Deconex-sodium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite-Epimax for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5-minute immersion (p-value:0/046) Moreover, Deconex and sodium hypochlorite were significantly different for Staphylococcus aureus (p-value:0/046) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 10-minute immersion (p < 0.05). Conclusion According to the results of this study, none of the three disinfection materials could eradicate three different kinds of microorganisms in 5 minutes, but in 10 minutes, Deconex could completely eradicate all microorganisms compared to other disinfection agents, which is a good indicator for high efficacy of this agent in disinfecting polyether impressions. How to cite this article Ghasemi E, Badrian H, Hosseini N, Khalighinejad N. The Effect of Three Different Disinfectant Materials on Polyether Impressions by Spray Method. World J Dent 2012;3(3):229-233.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Enamel Conditioners on the Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Daneshkazemi ◽  
A.R. Davari ◽  
S. Yassaei ◽  
M.H. Yosefi
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Control ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Aim A unique characteristic of some new bonding systems in operative dentistry is they combine conditioning and priming agents into a single acidic primer solution for simultaneous use on both enamel and dentin. Combining conditioning and priming into a single treatment step results in improvement in both time and costeffectiveness to the clinician and, indirectly, to the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a self-etching primer on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets and on the bracket/ adhesive failure mode. Methods and Materials Thirty-six fresh bovine incisors were collected and stored in a solution of 0.1% (weight/volume) thymol. The criteria for tooth selection included intact buccal enamel, no cracks caused by the presence of the extraction forceps, and no defects. The teeth were cleansed and polished with pumice and rubber prophylactic cups for ten seconds. Brackets were bonded to the teeth according to one of three protocols following the manufacturers’ instructions - Group 1: Conventional multistep bonding system (control group) (n=12); Group 2: Self-etching primer system (n=12); and Group 3: Acid+self-etching primer system (n=12). Specimens were loaded to failure in a Zwick test machine (Zwick GmbH & Co, Ulm, Germany). Shear bond strengths were measured at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Results The mean shear bond strength in megapascals (Mpa) (standard deviation) were 11.7 (4.2), 10.5 (4.4), and 10.9 (4.8) for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the three groups. The results indicated no significant difference in the bond strength between the three groups (P=0.800). The results of the Chi square test, evaluating the residual adhesives on the enamel surfaces, revealed no significant difference between the three groups (P=0.554). Conclusion Results of the present in vitro study indicate the use of self-etching primers may be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid pre-treatment in orthodontic bonding. Citation Davari AR, Yassaei S, Daneshkazemi AR, Yosefi MH . Effect of Different Types of Enamel Conditioners on the Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:036-043.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MILK FORMULA AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM FORMATION IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Meltharyna Meltharyna ◽  
Margaretha Suharsini ◽  
Heriandi Sutadi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Respective Type

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effect of milk-based, soy-based, and protein hydrolysate formulas against Streptococcus mutans (SM) biofilm formation.Methods: Infant formula used is intended for children aged 1-3 years, and each respective type of infant formula is represented by three distinct brands.Results: Our results showed a significant difference in the effect of milk-based, soy-based, and protein hydrolysate formulas against SM biofilm formation (p=0.002).Conclusion: Cow’s milk-based formula showed the lowest SM biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Chemical Disinfestation for Sowing and in Vitro Re-cultivation of Orchids and its Influence on the Seedlings Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Andréia Aline Fontes ◽  
Victor Hugo Alvarez V. ◽  
Sarah Vieira Novais ◽  
Wagner Campos Otoni ◽  
André Ferreira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flow ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

The use of a commercial bleach solution (CB) for in vitro propagation of orchids has proven to be an efficient technique and an alternative to the use of the autoclave and laminar flow chamber (LFC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of CB in disinfestation of culture media (CM) for seeding and for re-cultivation of orchid plantlets and its effect in different types of flasks and on the nutritional state of the plantlets. In the seeding experiment, seeds of Laelia tenebrosa Rolfe were used, with evaluation of three types of flasks; five concentrations of CB applied to the CM of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mL L-1 and the control treatment. In the re-cultivationexperiment, Cattleya kerri Brieger & Bicalho plantlets were used. The rates of CB added to the CM were 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 38 mL L-1 in polypropylene containers, and the rates sprayed on the plantlets at re-cultivation were 5, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 87.5 and 95 mL L-1. The proportion of germinated seeds and the dry matter weight of the protocorms were greater in the control treatment. The increasing rates of CB added to the CM had worse results for germination in glass flasks. In re-cultivation, there was no significant difference in the growth of the plantlets between the autoclaved flasks and those disinfested in CB.Keymessage: Both orchid seeding and re-cultivation of seedlings can be carried out entirely and efficiently without the use of an autoclave and laminar flow chamber, using chemical disinfection with commercial bleach.

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