Graft Copolymerization of Acrylamide onto Polyester-Cotton Blended Fabric by Using Potassium Permanganate Redox System

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Li Na Wang ◽  
Xian Lin Xu ◽  
Yuan Lin Ren ◽  
Xiao Yang Sui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Scanning Electron

The graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto polyester-cotton blended (PCB) fabric by using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) redox system was carried out. Effects of various parameters, such as concentration of monomer and initiator, reaction time and temperature on grafting were studied. The grafting percentage increased significantly with the increase of the concentration of acrylamide up to 1 mol/L and decreased after that. The graft yields increased steply with the increase of reaction time up to 3h and then increased progressively. The rate of grafting was also dependent on reaction temperature, it increased with the temperature up to 60°C, then the rate of increase gradually slowed down. The chemical structure of grafted surface of the PCB fabric was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The fire performance was investigated by the LOI and the vertical flammability tests, and the results indicate that the grafting treatment could improve the flame retardancy. Thermal behavior of grafted fabric samples was evaluated by Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG).

scholarly journals Effect of some operational parameters on desulphurization of high sulphur Indian coal by KOH leaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupendra S Ken ◽  
Barun K Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Differential Thermogravimetry ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of potassium hydroxide concentration and reaction time on coal properties during desulphurization of high sulphur Indian coal. Experimental results showed that maximum of 36.79% of total sulphur can be removed from coal by potassium hydroxide leaching with 20% potassium hydroxide concentration and 24 h contact time at atmospheric condition. Total sulphur reduction was contributed by 45.03–49.01% pyritic sulphur, 24.10–33.73% sulphate sulphur and 20.93–30.62% organic sulphur depending on potassium hydroxide concentration of 5–20% and reaction time of 6–24 h. Experimental result shows that ash% of coal increased from 8.33 to 14.09% due to accumulation of insoluble potassium aluminosilicate in the coal. Gross calorific value of coal decreased from 6854 to 6084 kcal/kg due to increase of ash content of coal and loss of some combustible matter in leaching process. Physico-chemical characterizations of raw and treated coal samples were carried out by using field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, petrographic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry to appraise the product quality. Field emission scanning electron microscope and coal petrographic image infer the occurrence of pitting and cavitation in the coal structure due to removal of pyrite sulphur (1.51–1.21%) from coal which causes escalation of vitrinite (67.65–70.43%) and few amounts of inertinite (18.03–18.86%) and liptinite (1.24–1.27%) as macerals. Thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermogravimetry analysis infers the improvement in combustion characteristics of treated coal by reduction in peak combustion temperature.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Agar Blended Films: Part 1. Chemical Structure and Morphology

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam A. El-hefian ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Abdul Hamid Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chitosan/agar (CS/AG) films were prepared by blending different proportions of chitosan and agar (considering chitosan as the main component) in solution forms. The chemical structure and the morphology of the obtained blended films were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). It was revealed that chitosan and agar form a highly compatible blend and their films displayed homogenous and smooth surface properties compared to the individual pure components.

The Treatment of Copper-Containing Wastewater by Electrolysis-Enhanced Micro-Electrolysis Fluidized Bed Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4402-4405
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhan ◽  
Xiao Jun Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Tian Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of electrolysis-enhanced micro-electrolysis fluidized bed technology on treating cooper-containing wastewater had been systematic researched. Operation conditions including applied flow rate, voltage, solution pH and reaction time on the copper ions (Cu2+) removal effect, had been studied scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis had been used to characterize the surface features of copper crystals in the fillers surface. The results show that the Cu2+ mainly removed by electrochemical deposition, the optimum operation conditions are: flow rate is 22mm/s, voltage is 12V, initial pH=4, the response time of 30 min.

The Influence of the Hydrothermal Conditions on the Morphologies of β-Ni(OH)2

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Reaction Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 and nanoflakes have been successfully synthesized with nickel nitrate as nickel source and stronger ammonia water as precipitant via the hydrothermal method. The phase and the morphologies of the samples have been characterized and analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning electron microscope), respectively. XRD shows that the phase of the samples is β-Ni(OH)2. SEM confirms that The low reaction temperature is propitious to the synthesis of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2, and with the increase of the reaction time the nanoflakes of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 become much thinner. However, The high temperature is in favor of the synthesis of β-Ni(OH)2 nanosflakes, and with the further increase of the reaction temperature.

Extraction of Oil Heteroatomic Compounds Using Metal Powders

2016 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Golushkova ◽  
Alexander P. Ilyin ◽  
A.V. Mostovshchikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heteroatomic Compounds ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paper presents results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations, differential thermal and elemental analyses, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy of micron powders obtained by thermal decomposition of cupric and nickel oxalates before and after their blending with oil. The oil treatment modifies the powder compositions, heteroorganic compounds extracted from oil are observed on their surface. The analysis shows that materials based on copper and nickel micron powders can be used for the prepurification of crude hydrocarbons from heteroatomic compounds.

Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto natural keratin

e-Polymers ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laura Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Carlos Velasco-Santos ◽  
Miguel de Icaza ◽  
Victor M. Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Keratin fibers from chicken feathers were modified through graft copolymerization with methyl methacrylate in an aqueous medium, using a KMnO4 / malic acid redox system. Original and grafted fibers were characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy and their thermal behavior was studied by both differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The grafted fiber surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results show that grafting was effectively achieved and this was confirmed by a ninhydrin test after acidic hydrolysis of the grafted keratin.

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