Fabrication, Tensile and Bending Properties of Wheat Straw/Polylactic Acid Green Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 715-721
Author(s):  
Li Ying Wu ◽  
Fu Jun Xu ◽  
Peng Wei Zhao ◽  
Yi Ping Qiu

Polylactic Acid (PLA) and raw Wheat Straw (WS) were used to fabricate WS/PLA green composites. By hot-press process, WS/PLA composites with different WS volume fractions (20% and 30%) were obtained. The experimental results showed that when the WS volume fraction was 20%, the composites had a tensile strength of 23.68MPa and modulus of 1.47GPa; bending strength of 64.13MPa and modulus of 1.44GPa. When the WS volume fraction increased to 30%, the tensile strength and modulus enhanced by 45.18% and 35.37% respectively; bending strength and modulus increased by 15.80% and 25.69%. It was indicated that PLA can be successfully reinforced by WS at certain volume fractions.

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
I Putu Lokantara ◽  
Ngakan Putu Gede Suardana

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan bending biokomposit limbah plastik polypropylene berpenguat serat lidah mertua. Lidah mertua yang digunakan adalah lidah mertua yang pinggirannya daunnya kuning dengan usia yang seragam. Daun lidah mertua direndam dengan metode water retting selama 7 hari dan proses ekstraksi serat dilakukan secara manual. Polypropylene daur ulang yang digunakan berasal dari limbah plastik minuman gelas. Perlakuan kimia serat lidah mertua dengan konsentrasi 5% NaOH dan waktu perendaman 2 jam. Komposit dicetak dengan menggunakan press panas dengan suhu 200oC dan waktu penahanan 2 jam. Komposit dilakukan pengujian tarik dengan menggunakan ASTM D-570 dan uji bending dengan ASTM 790-03. Hasil uji tarik menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik tertinggi pada fraksi volume 35% sebesar 71,606 MPa. Kekuatan tarik meningkat sebesar 28,9% dari fraksi volume 25% ke fraksi volume 35%.  Hasil uji bending menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan bending tertinggi pada fraksi volume 35% sebesar 74,55 MPa. Kekuatan bending meningkat sebesar 22,9% dari fraksi volume 25% ke fraksi volume 35%. Dengan pengamatan foto mikro SEM, ikatan adhesi antara serat dan matrik terjadi dengan baik pada fraksi volume 35%.      The purpose of this study was to determine the tensile strength and bending strength of lidah mertua fiber reinforced polypropylene. Lidah mertua is used whose leaf margins are yellow with a uniform age. Lidah mertua leaves were soaked by water retting method for 7 days. Fiber is extracted manually by hand. Recycled polypropylene used comes from glass beverage plastic waste. The chemical treatment of lidah mertua fibers 5% NaOH and a soaking time of 2 hours. Composites are molded using a hot press with a temperature of 200oC and a holding time of 2 hours. Composite tensile testing was carried out using ASTM D-570 and bending test with ASTM 790-03. Tensile test results showed that the highest tensile strength at 35% volume fraction was 71,606 MPa. Tensile strength increased by 28.9% from 25% volume fraction to 35% volume fraction. Bending test results showed that the highest bending strength at 35% volume fraction was 74.55 MPa. The bending strength increased by 22.9% from the 25% volume fraction to the 35% volume fraction. By observing SEM micro photographs, the bond between the fiber and the matrix occurs well at 35% volume fraction


2021 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
Norliana Bakar ◽  
Siew Choo Chin

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) made from synthetic fiber had been widely used for strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the past decades. Due to its high cost, detrimental to the environment and human health, natural fiber composites becoming the current alternatives towards a green and environmental friendly material. This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced composite (BFRC) with different types of resins. The BFRC specimens were prepared by hand lay-up method using epoxy and vinyl-ester resins. Bamboo fiber volume fractions, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% was experimentally investigated by conducting tensile and flexural test, respectively. Results showed that the tensile and flexural strength of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composite (BFREC) was 63.2% greater than the bamboo fiber reinforced vinyl-ester composite (BFRVC). It was found that 45% of bamboo fiber volume fraction on BFREC exhibited the highest tensile strength compared to other BFRECs. Meanwhile, 40% bamboo fiber volume fraction of BFRVC showed the highest tensile strength between bamboo fiber volume fractions for BFRC using vinyl-ester resin. Studies showed that epoxy-based BFRC exhibited excellent results compared to the vinyl-ester-based composite. Further studies are required on using BFRC epoxy-based composite in various structural applications and strengthening purposes.


2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372091817
Author(s):  
Wuzhou Li ◽  
Liangang Zheng ◽  
Defang Teng ◽  
Dongsheng Ge ◽  
Farial I Farha ◽  
...  

Among the agricultural crops, wheat is one of the most important and broadly planted food crops. However, abundant wheat straw resources were used to incinerate, which was a great waste of fiber resources, and meanwhile caused great pollution to the ecological environment. In this work, a simple hot compress method that used intact wheat straw with different volume fractions (20% and 30%) as a filler to reinforce the polylactic acid resin was explored to prepare a biodegradable composite by thermal compression method. Initially, the compressed wheat straw exhibited excellent tensile strength (96.86 MPa), even higher than intact wheat straw (92.18 MPa). The surface modification treatment was carried out with 2% and 4% concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Then the tensile and bending strength of the modified wheat straw/polylactic acid composites were 32.41 MPa and 78.52 MPa, which were 22.16% and 22.44% higher than those of the untreated composites. The scanning electron microscopy images of the surface of modified wheat straw and fractured composite cross section revealed significantly rougher surface morphology and stronger interfacial bonding with the matrix. This work demonstrated the feasibility and good mechanical property of the composites reinforced with intact wheat straw by simple hot compression method, which provided a possible strategy to utilize the straw materials for multiple applications.


2017 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tharazi ◽  
A.B. Sulong ◽  
N. Muhamad ◽  
C.H.C. Haron ◽  
D. Tholibon ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Maria Silvia Pernevan ◽  
Liviu Marşavina ◽  
Ioan Pernevan ◽  
Cecilia Sîrghie ◽  
Mihaela Popescu

The paper analyzes the tensile behavior of some new biocomposite materials based on polypropylene reinforced with hemp shives for different volume fractions and sizes. The aim of this study is to make a comparison between the tensile properties of these materials and to determine in which way the values of the tensile strength and tensile modulus are influenced by the volume fraction and dimensions of the reinforcement elements. The analyzed materials are new materials based on renewable and recyclable resources and from this point of view these materials have a less harmful impact on the environment compared to the conventional composites. By analyzing the tensile properties of polyproylene based biocomposites reinforced with hemp shives it can be observed in which way these materials could replace conventional materials in various fields of applications.


Author(s):  
Rizal Hanifi ◽  
Gebyar Dewangga ◽  
Kardiman Kasiadi ◽  
Eri Widianto

Research has been carried out on the analysis of mechanical properties and simulation of composite failure of oil palm midrib fiber polypropylene matrix as car bumpers. This research is expected to provide information on the results of testing the mechanical properties and physical properties and to find out the results of failure simulation in stress analysis based on static test using Inventor Professional 2015 software. Composite boards are made using the hot press method with three variations volume fraction is 20% fiber: 80% matrix, 30% fiber: 70% matrix and 40% fiber: 60% matrix. Characterization of composite physical properties in the form of density, swelling, and water uptake while mechanical properties in the form of tensile testing. Composite physical test results showed that composites made according to JIS A5908 (2003) composite tensile test results showed that the maximum tensile strength obtained at the volume fraction of 40% fiber: 60% matrix with a value of 21.106 MPa, followed by a decrease in tensile strength in volume fraction 30% fiber: 70% matrix and 20% fiber: 80% matrix. Increased tensile strength due to direct orientation of fibers and the addition of fiber composition. Composites are still worth making bumper because the value of tensile strength is no less than the standard bumper which is 8,09 MPa. Next, failure simulation results based on a static test uses three variations of speed, namely 60 km/hr, 80 km/hr and 100 km/hr. The failure simulation results based on the static test of the three speed variations show the value of the von misses stress below the yield strength of the material, then the displacement value that occurs is small and the value of the safety factor produced is above one. From the results of the analysis of composite testing, it shows that the composite has the potential to be a car bumper material.Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis sifat mekanik dan simulasi kegagalan komposit serat pelepah kelapa sawit matriks polypropylene sebagai bumper mobil. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi informasi hasil pengujian sifat mekanik dan sifat fisis serta mengetahui hasil simulasi kegagalan dalam stress analysis berdasarkan static test menggunakan software Inventor Professional 2015. Papan komposit dibuat menggunakan metode hot press dengan tiga variasi fraksi volume yaitu 20% serat: 80% matriks, 30% serat: 70% matriks dan 40% serat: 60% matriks. Karakterisasi sifat fisis komposit berupa densitas, swelling, dan serapan air sedangkan sifat mekanik berupa pengujian tarik. Hasil pengujian fisis komposit menunjukkan bahwa komposit yang dibuat sesuai dengan klasifikasi JIS A5908. Hasil pengujian tarik komposit menunjukkan bahwa nilai kekuatan tarik maksimal yang paling besar diperoleh pada fraksi volume 40% serat: 60% matriks dengan nilai 21,106 MPa, diikuti penurunan kekuatan tarik pada fraksi volume 30% serat: 70% matriks dan 20% serat: 80% matriks. Meningkatnya kekuatan tarik dikarenakan orientasi serat searah dan penambahan komposisi serat. Komposit masih layak dibuat bumper karena nilai kekuatan tariknya tidak kurang dari standar bumper yaitu 8,09 MPa. Selanjunya, hasil simulasi kegagalan berdasarkan static test menggunakan tiga variasi kecepatan yaitu 60 km/jam, 80 km/jam dan 100 km/jam. Hasil simulasi kegagalan berdasarkan static test dari ketiga variasi kecepatan tersebut menunjukkan nilai von misses stress dibawah nilai yield strength yang dimiliki material, kemudian nilai displacement yang terjadi kecil serta nilai safety factor yang dihasilkan yaitu di atas satu. Dari hasil analisis pengujian komposit tersebut menunjukkan bahwa komposit berpotensi sebagai material bumper mobil


MECHANICAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Salman Salman ◽  
Ahmad Fadly

Fiber-reinforced composite core banana stems with additional filler of husk powder is another way to obtain the expected mechanical behavior of the composite. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fiber volume fraction content to density, bending strength and tensile strength of sandwich composite.   Preparation of composite was done by hand lay-up method. Composite material used by banana ketip  fiber and addition of husk powder with variation of fiber volume fraction were 7, 10, and 13 % where husk was constant at 5% with random fiber direction. Tests were conducted by referring to the density est standard (ASTM C 271), bending est (ASTM C 393) and tensile test (ASTM D3039).  The result showed that the greater volume fraction of banana fiber, the lower the density value and the lower the bending strength. Whereas the tensile strength tended to increase as the volume fraction was higher.


2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Liang Sen Liu ◽  
Ye Xiong Qi ◽  
Jia Lu Li

In this paper, a kind of composite laminates whose reinforcement is four-layer biaxial weft knitted (FBWK)fabric made of carbon fiber as inserted yarns has been made. The composite laminates have been impregnated with epoxy resin via resin transfer molding (RTM) technique. The samples of the experiments have been made from the composite laminates. The bending properties of the FBWK fabric reinforced composite materials with different fiber volume fraction have been investigated. The results show that the bending strength of this kind of composites increases with the fiber volume fraction increasing. The bending strength of FBWK reinforced composites with fiber volume fraction of 52% can reach 695.86 MPa. And the relationship between bending load and deflection is obviously linear.


2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (23) ◽  
pp. 1712-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Wang ◽  
Guanghui Bai ◽  
Guangquan Yue ◽  
Hongfu Li ◽  
Boming Zhang

A hot-press tackifying process was used to improve the mechanical properties of cured laminates in vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding by placing a thermoplastic film into the preforms at various pressures and temperatures. Three modified preforms were prepared at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 MPa using an autoclave, and the laminates were then produced via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The mechanical properties of the modified laminates were tested and compared to those of the unmodified ones. The fiber volume fractions of the modified laminates decreased with increasing pressure. The tensile strength of the modified laminates at the three pressures improved by 16.78%, 41.21%, and 29.47%, respectively, compared to the unmodified samples. Modified laminates at 0.3 MPa showed better results than those at 0.1 and 0.6 MPa, which were all better than the unmodified samples. The modulus of the modified laminates from vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding was improved by 2.48%, 19.01%, and 13.22%, respectively. The effect of the hot-press tackifying in improving the tensile strength and modulus of a laminate on a pre-impregnated laminate (prepreg) using the autoclave was studied and compared to that of the unmodified case. Here, the tensile strength increased by 32.5% and 12.3%, respectively.


2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4459-4470 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. YOUSIF

The effect of two types of oil palm fibres (bunch and fruit) on mechanical properties of polyester composites is examined in the current work considering different volume fractions. Tensile, compression, and flexural properties of the composites were investigated. In addition to that, tensile strengths were calculated theoretically using Hirsch model. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the fracture mechanism of the specimens. Single fibre pull-out tests were performed to determine the interfacial shear strength between polyester resin and both types of oil palm fibres. Results revealed that both types of oil palm fibres enhanced the mechanical performance of polyester composites. At a higher volume fraction (40–50%), tensile strength of the polyester composite was improved, i.e., 2.5 times improvement in the tensile strength value. Experimental tensile strength values of oil palm bunch/polyester composites have a good correlation with the theoretical results, especially at low volume fractions of fibre. Flexural strength of polyester worsened with oil palm fibres at all volume fractions of fibre.


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