Cracking Behavior of Two Kinds of Plasma Cladding Layers by Precursor Carbonization-Composition Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2046-2050
Author(s):  
Jun Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Powder ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Plasma Cladding ◽  
Reactive Plasma ◽  
Composition Process ◽  
Cladding Layers

In-situ synthesized two kinds of Fe-Cr-C and Fe-Cr-C-Ti layers were fabricated on the base of Q235 steel by reactive plasma cladding process using composite powder prepared by precursor carbonization-composition process as raw materials. The composite powder is composed of ferrotitanium, chromium, iron and precursor sucrose. Microstructure of the layer was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phases in the layer were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicate that the Fe-Cr-C layer consists of primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbide, chrysanthemum-shaped eutectic (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbide and eutectic austenite. The cracks in Fe-Cr-C layer might originate at the interface of the layer and the base material as well as at the pores or edges of the layer. These cracks expand along primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 grain boundaries in a crystalline form. Because the grains of primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 are fiber-shaped and the fiber direction are perpendicular to the surface of the layer, so the cracks expand perpendicularly throughout of the Fe-Cr-C layer. The Ti addition into Fe-Cr-C plays an important role in synthesizing TiC and austenite, reducing primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 and improving the microstructure of eutectic (Cr,Fe)7C3. Therefore, Fe-Cr-C-Ti has good performance in toughness and crack-resistance.

TiC Particle Reinforced Reactive Plasma Cladding Composite Coating by the Precursor Carbonization-Composition Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Jun Bo Liu ◽  
Li Mei Wang ◽  
Jun Sheng Jiang ◽  
Guang Ming Cao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coating ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Q235 Steel ◽  
Plasma Cladding ◽  
Reactive Plasma ◽  
Tic Particle ◽  
Composition Process

Fe-Cr-Ti-C composite powder was prepared by precursor carbonization-composition process using the mixture of ferrotitanium, chromium, iron powders and precursor sucrose as raw materials. In situ synthesized TiC particle reinforced composite coating was fabricated on substrate of Q235 steel by reactive plasma cladding process using Fe-Cr-Ti-C composite powder. Microstructure of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the phases in the coating were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the wear resistance of the composite coating was evaluated under dry sliding wear test conditions at room temperature. Results indicate that the composite coating consists of in-situ the reinforcing TiC carbide, (Cr,Fe)7C3 eutectics and austenitic, and is metallurgically bonded to the Q235 steel substrate. TiC carbide in the composite coating showed the gradient distribution. TiC particles present granular in the fusion zone and central zone, and present dendritic in the surface of the composite coating. Hardness of the coating from surface to fusion zone is little difference, the average hardness of the coating is about HV0.2750, is as 3.2 times as the base. The wear mass loss of Q235 base material is 12 times as that of the composite coating.

Influence of Process Parameters on Microstructure of Reaction Plasma Cladding TiC-Fe-Cr Coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 1027 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Li Mei Wang ◽  
Jun Bo Liu ◽  
Jun Hai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Plasma Cladding ◽  
Cr Coating ◽  
Composition Process ◽  
Cladding Layers

In order to improve the quality and properties of the coating, a certain amount of Ti was added to the plasma cladding Fe-Cr-C coating in the early stage. And Fe-Cr-C-Ti composite powder was prepared by precursor carbonization-composition process. In situ synthesized TiC-Fe-Cr coatings were fabricated on substrate of Q235 steel by plasma cladding process with Fe-Cr-C-Ti composite powder. Microstructure of the coating with different process parameters, including cladding current, cladding speed, number of overlapping cladding layers, were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the structure of the TiC-Fe-Cr coating is greatly affected by the fusion current, the cladding speed and the overlapping cladding process. In this test, when the cladding current of 300A and the cladding process parameter of the cladding speed of 50 mm/min are clad with three layers, a well-formed and well-structured TiC-Fe-Cr coating can be obtained. Which are the best synthetic process parameters in this test.

scholarly journals Effect of Heating Temperature on Magnetic Properties of Fe3O4 Synthesized by Coprecipitation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Dwi Puryanti
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Recording Material

The synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with iron rock raw materials was carried out using a coprecipitation method. Iron rocks were taken from the Surian village, South Solok of West Sumatera. This research was conducted to utilize local materials and produce low cost, varied magnetic materials to be applied to the electric and electronics industries. Iron sand as a base material was obtained by processing the iron rocks through destruction and extraction. Iron sand that has been extracted is reacted with HCL and NH4OH. Furthermore, the PEG-2000 were added as a template to homogenize and inhibit the growth of particles. Heating temperature variation performed to see the effect of temperature on the magnetic properties of the particles. Heating temperature variations were used at 500 ̊C, 600 ̊C, and 700 ̊C. Phase composition of the samples were confirm using X-ray diffraction method. Characterization of magnetic properties carried out using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results of magnetic properties show that the saturation magnetization decreases with increasing heating temperature in the range of 32.6883 emu/g, 20,1632 emu/g, and 10.4734 emu/g respectively. The value of coercive force, HC obtained in the range of 13,840 A/m – 19,120 A/m. The results show that Fe3O4 can be used as a magnetic recording material.

Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-C-TiFe Fe-Based Composite Coating Prepared by Precursor Carbonization-Composition Process and Plasma Cladding

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 1237-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Bo Liu ◽  
Li Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Q235 Steel ◽  
Plasma Cladding ◽  
Composition Process

The sucrose was used as a carbonaceous precursor to fabricate composite alloy powder of Fe-Cr-C-TiFe by the precursor carbonization-composition process using the powder matirial of chromium, iron, tungsten, nickel and ferrotitanium. And the powder of Fe-Cr-C-TiFe was used to form a high-chromium iron-base composite coating on substrate of Q235 steel by plasma cladding process. The microstructure and hardness of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness tester. Wear resistance of the coating was tested on wear tester at room temperature and high temperature 600°C compared with the base material Q235 steel and bearing steel. Results show that the coating consists of TiC, (Cr,Fe)7C3 and austenite and the hardness of the coating is 3.4 times as high as the base body Q235 steel. The wear resistance of the coating at room temperature is 11-15 times as high as the base body Q235 steel. The wear resistance of the coating at high temperature 600°C is 2.45 times as high as Q235 steel and is 1.5 times as high as bearing steel. The composite coating has excellent wear resistance because the reinforce phase TiC and (Cr,Fe) 7C3 in the coating have high hardness and good wear resistance. They can play key roles in process of friction and wear.

scholarly journals Waste and Solar Energy: An Eco-Friendly Way for Glass Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Isabel Padilla ◽  
Maximina Romero ◽  
José I. Robla ◽  
Aurora López-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In this work, concentrated solar energy (CSE) was applied to an energy-intensive process such as the vitrification of waste with the aim of manufacturing glasses. Different types of waste were used as raw materials: a hazardous waste from the aluminum industry as aluminum source; two residues from the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell) and dolomite ore as calcium source; quartz sand was also employed as glass network former. The use of CSE allowed obtaining glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system at exposure time as short as 15 min. The raw materials, their mixtures, and the resulting glasses were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The feasibility of combining a renewable energy, as solar energy and different waste for the manufacture of glasses, would highly contribute to circular economy and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Polyurethane Composite Foams Synthesized Using Bio-Polyols and Cellulose Filler

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Uram ◽  
Milena Leszczyńska ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Anna Czajka ◽  
Michał Gloc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Rigid polyurethane foams were obtained using two types of renewable raw materials: bio-polyols and a cellulose filler (ARBOCEL® P 4000 X, JRS Rettenmaier, Rosenberg, Germany). A polyurethane system containing 40 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyols was modified with the cellulose filler in amounts of 1, 2, and 3 php (per hundred polyols). The cellulose was incorporated into the polyol premix as filler dispersion in a petrochemical polyol made using calenders. The cellulose filler was examined in terms of the degree of crystallinity using the powder X-ray diffraction PXRD -and the presence of bonds by means of the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR. It was found that the addition of the cellulose filler increased the number of cells in the foams in both cross-sections—parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the foam growth—while reducing the sizes of those cells. Additionally, the foams had closed cell contents of more than 90% and initial thermal conductivity coefficients of 24.8 mW/m∙K. The insulation materials were dimensionally stable, especially at temperatures close to 0 °C, which qualifies them for use as insulation at low temperatures.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Functional Bionanocomposite Fibers of Chitosan Filled with Cellulose Nanofibers Obtained by Gel Spinning

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Sofia Marquez-Bravo ◽  
Ingo Doench ◽  
Pamela Molina ◽  
Flor Estefany Bentley ◽  
Arnaud Kamdem Tamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Composite Fibers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Spinning ◽  
X Ray

Extremely high mechanical performance spun bionanocomposite fibers of chitosan (CHI), and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully achieved by gel spinning of CHI aqueous viscous formulations filled with CNFs. The microstructural characterization of the fibers by X-ray diffraction revealed the crystallization of the CHI polymer chains into anhydrous chitosan allomorph. The spinning process combining acidic–basic–neutralization–stretching–drying steps allowed obtaining CHI/CNF composite fibers of high crystallinity, with enhanced effect at incorporating the CNFs. Chitosan crystallization seems to be promoted by the presence of cellulose nanofibers, serving as nucleation sites for the growing of CHI crystals. Moreover, the preferential orientation of both CNFs and CHI crystals along the spun fiber direction was revealed in the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns. By increasing the CNF amount up to the optimum concentration of 0.4 wt % in the viscous CHI/CNF collodion, Young’s modulus of the spun fibers significantly increased up to 8 GPa. Similarly, the stress at break and the yield stress drastically increased from 115 to 163 MPa, and from 67 to 119 MPa, respectively, by adding only 0.4 wt % of CNFs into a collodion solution containing 4 wt % of chitosan. The toughness of the CHI-based fibers thereby increased from 5 to 9 MJ.m−3. For higher CNFs contents like 0.5 wt %, the high mechanical performance of the CHI/CNF composite fibers was still observed, but with a slight worsening of the mechanical parameters, which may be related to a minor disruption of the CHI matrix hydrogel network constituting the collodion and gel fiber, as precursor state for the dry fiber formation. Finally, the rheological behavior observed for the different CHI/CNF viscous collodions and the obtained structural, thermal and mechanical properties results revealed an optimum matrix/filler compatibility and interface when adding 0.4 wt % of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) into 4 wt % CHI formulations, yielding functional bionanocomposite fibers of outstanding mechanical properties.

Facile Solid State Method Route Synthesis and Enhance Visible Light Activities of BiVO4 by Doping Co

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Chen ◽  
Jing Ling Hu ◽  
Bing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Method

Using NH4VO3, Bi (NO3)3•5H2O and Co (NO3)2•6H2O as raw materials, Co doped BiVO4 (Co/BiVO4) photocatalysts were successfully prepared by solid state method. And the photo catalytic properties were test in this work. Crystal structures of these samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Methyl Orange (MO) was simulated as the sewage under the visible light to explorer the influence of the illumination time and the mass of photocatalyst. The visible-light absorption spectrum of BiVO4 was broadening with doping Co. It was found that the Co/BiVO4 had higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4 .The reason of enhanced catalytic effect also had been analyzed and discussed in the article.

scholarly journals Preparation of composite coagulant of PFM-PDMDAAC and its coagulation performance in treatment of landfill leachate

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Li ◽  
Yongkang Lv ◽  
Zhanmeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
As Adsorption ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Composite Coagulant

A novel inorganic–organic composite coagulant, poly-ferric-magnesium (PFM) polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC), was prepared using FeSO4, MgSO4 and PDMDAAC as raw materials and was introduced to treat landfill leachate. The coagulation performance of the new reagent was evaluated and compared with those of other coagulants. The new reagent was characterized in terms of the analysis of ferron-timed spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The coagulation mechanism was investigated by measuring the ζ-potential reduction and chemical oxygen demand removal at different dosages. Coagulation experiments revealed that the new reagent exhibited better coagulation performance compared with the simple PFM and the PFM + PDMDAAC. Ferron-timed spectroscopy showed that the new reagent exhibited increased effective polymer species concentration. XRD and FTIR spectroscopy showed that the new reagent was not a simple mechanical mixing of PFM and PDMDAAC, but a composite system with inorganic–organic complex interpenetration networks. The predominant coagulation mechanism of the new reagent was charge neutralization at low dosages, as well as adsorption bridging and co-precipitation netting at high dosages, when treating landfill leachate.

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