Preliminary Study of Groundwater Pollution about Sewage Irrigation at Malong County

2013 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 942-947
Author(s):  
Jin Meng Chen ◽  
Ying Xiang Jiang ◽  
Wen Hao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Sewage Irrigation ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Treatment Pathway ◽  
Class A ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Water Resources Sustainable Utilization

It is a kind of low cost and also low power sewage treatment pathway for using sewage in irrigation, one of effective action to protect the water resources sustainable utilization in town. Using sewage in irrigation is a way of reducing operating costs at Malong County. As the yellow soil permeability is low at Malone County and the penetration rate is 1m/d. What’s more, the quality sewage used in irrigation can meet the class A demands, so this article predicted that sewage irrigation will has less impact on the groundwater at Malone County. We can get analogy method and drew experimental plan according to different influence results of water quality, soil and groundwater of Malone County.

Distribution of Enteric Viruses and Microorganisms in Long-Term Sewage-Treated Soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Filip ◽  
K Seidel ◽  
H Dizer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Sewage Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
West Berlin ◽  
Aerobic Soil

To determine whether long-term sewage treatment can take place without a pollution risk for soil and groundwater, samples from sewage irrigation fields in West Berlin which have been in use since about 1890 were analyzed for enteric viruses and microorganisms. Enteric viruses were detected in only seven samples from a total number of eighty seven taken from different soil depths. With only one exception, no viruses were found below 60 cm. No viruses were detected in groundwater samples. Long-term sewage irrigation did not result in significant changes in the colony courts of aerobic soil bacteria, but the counts of anaerobic bacteria and actinomycetes were slightly elevated and those of microscopic fungi slightly decreased. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were not detected in soil below 90 cm.

Establishing derailment profiles by position for corridor shipments of dangerous goods

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Saccomanno ◽  
S. M. El-Hage
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Dangerous Goods

The position of railcars carrying dangerous goods in a train can affect their involvement in a derailment. A model is presented, which minimizes the number of cars carrying dangerous goods derailing for different marshalling strategies and rail corridor conditions. An application of the model to the Sarnia–Toronto rail corridor is presented. The results of this analysis suggest that marshalling strategies for cars carrying dangerous goods need to be sensitive to corridor conditions that affect the causes of train derailments. Current Canadian Transport Commission directives governing the placement of cars carrying dangerous goods along a train were found to be ineffective in reducing their derailment probability when compared to a low-cost unregulated option. Effective marshalling strategies can substitute for speed controls on the shipment of dangerous goods, resulting in a similar or improved derailment profiles and lower operating costs. Key words: dangerous goods, derailment, rail, marshalling, railcars.

scholarly journals Air Asia: From Regional to Global

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dr. Khaliq Ahmad Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
Strategic Options ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

In February 2009, Tony Fernandez, the founder of AirAsia was not bothered by the company’s mass order of 175 new aircraft for its AirAsia-X long-haul services. He could not resist the concern over the aircraft deferment to Thailand and Indonesia in 2011 because of the relocation of the low-cost carrier terminal in Sepang before AirAsia was forced to move to KLIA2. Such a situation would surely increase its operating costs exponentially. He also knew he was facing an economic downturn and the high competition, particularly for his AirAsia-X business. Major rivals of AirAsia-X in the region were Singapore Tiger Airways, Cebu Pacific Air of the Philippines and a global competitor was EasyJet in Europe had just launched aggressive campaigns and promotions which would affect its long-haul business. He was certain that the company would achieve his dream to spread its wings all over the world. However, he realized that the company’s operating costs and competition with other airliners that joined the club of no-frills airlines based on a national and international level presently had escalated. He knew he had to act now. If you were Tony Fernandez, what would you do in this scenario was a question that needs an answer? This is an issue of strategic choice of divesting or integration as the strategic options are limited in the short as well as long run. The AirAsia case study has the main objective of sharing impact of the covid-19 pandemic devastating impact on the airliners. It is a significant study in terms of impact on economy, tourism and hospitality industry in general and Malaysia in particular.

Comparison of PPCPs removal on a parallel-operated MBR and AS system and evaluation of effluent post-treatment on vertical flow reed beds

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2411-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Reif ◽  
A. Besancon ◽  
K. Le Corre ◽  
B. Jefferson ◽  
J. M. Lema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Reed Beds

The presence in the aquatic environment of xenobiotics such as Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) has emerged as an issue of concern. Upgrading sewage treatment quality with modern technologies such as Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) and/or implementing a further post-treatment might mitigate the release of xenobiotics into surface waters. The performance of two processes treating municipal sewage, a MBR and an Activated Sludge (AS) unit, have been compared in terms of PPCPs removal. Moreover, their effluents were treated using vertical flow reed beds. Both systems were operated under similar conditions, more specifically Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), maintained at 8 hours, and Sludge Retention Time (SRT) set at 6 and 20 days. Pharmaceuticals belong to therapeutic groups such as antiepileptics (carbamazepine) and analgesics (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac), whereas the personal care products are musk fragrances (galaxolide and tonalide). Xenobiotics removals achieved in the MBR showed better results, particularly for the acidic drugs ibuprofen (87% vs. 50%) and naproxen (56% vs. 6%) operating at low SRT. After filtration through vertical flow reed-beds, PPCPs content in effluents was decreased, below 1 ppb in most cases, improving the effluent quality and confirming reed-beds as an interesting low cost alternative in order to attenuate xenobiotics contamination.

Preparation of Nanosized TiO2-Photocatalyst From-Sludge (TFS) and the Characteristics of Concrete Sidewalk Blocks Using TFS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3882-3886
Author(s):  
Yong-Wook Jung ◽  
Jong Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalyst ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nanosized Tio2

In this study, nano-sized low cost titanium dioxide (TFS) was prepared using sludge from sewage treatment and performance was verified. To remove air pollutants, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and efflorescence characteristics is assessed according to the mixing ratio of the nano-sized TFS by applying them to concrete sidewalk blocks. The photocatalytic degradation performance of concrete sidewalk blocks shows that the methylene blue removal rate of specimens containing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of nano-sized TFS is 29%, 27%, and 38%, respectively. When the nano-sized TFS is mingled on the surface of the sidewalk block, the performance of anti-corrosion and antifouling showed excellency mainly due to the moisture blocking derived by the antifouling function of photocatalysts.

Penerapan Media PENCILS dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Pada Materi Rangkaian Hambatan Listrik

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Herry Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Software Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Class A ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study is class action research conducted at class A of 9th grade in SMPN 1 Prambon, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Based on preliminary study, students still found some difficulties to solve the problem about Electrical  Series. This was proven from their average score of test on this topic that is 73,19, which is still lower than KKM score that is 76. This research aimed to analyze the effect of using PENCILS media on increasing students’ understanding about Electrial Series topic. PENCILS media is software application in computer. The analysis result in the first cycle, from 36 students, 21 of them had score lower than KKM. In the second cycle, learning process used PENCILS as learning media to facilitate students’ difficulty. The result of analysis data in the second cylce showed that only 6 students had score lower than KKM and the average score of test was 77,37. The third cycle was conducted to ensure that the score obtained is stable. Based on the result of data analysis in the last cycle indicated that only 3 students had score lower than KKM and the average score of test was 78,75. In conclusion, the PENCILS media can be effectively used to improve students’ understanding on the topic of Electrical Series.

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