Acidophilic Microorganisms from Geothermal Copahue Volcano System. Assessment of Biotechnological Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chiacchiarini ◽  
L. Lavalle ◽  
Alejandra Giaveno ◽  
Edgardo R. Donati
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Acidophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Autotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
System Assessment

This work presents an overview of the physicochemical and biological studies carried out along Rio Agrio and in different hot springs belonging to the geothermal Copahue volcano system, in Neuquén Argentina. This is an extreme environment characterized by wide ranges of temperature, pH (<1 to 8) and heavy metals concentration. In these extreme conditions chemolitho-autotrophic bacteria, archaea, heterotrophic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were detected. Members of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidianus spp., among others, were successfully cultivated and physiological properties of different isolates were determined. Additionally, bioleaching and biooxidation of regional ores were carried out using mixed native cultures.

Isolation, Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Acidiphilium-Like Bacteria from Acid Mine Drainage

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Fei Zhang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Jian She Liu ◽  
Guan Zhou Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Autotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Leaching Efficiency

The acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria Acidiphilium spp. were considered as a ministrant of Leptospirillum spp., Acidithiobacillus spp. and other autotrophic bacteria in acid mine drainage (AMD). 25 Acidiphilium-like bacterial strains were isolated from eight different mines in China and their physiology was characterized. Their marmatite-bioleaching ability has been investigated and compared with that of a mixed culture of Acidiphilium sp. and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The results indicated that some Acidiphilium-like strains exhibited a high marmatite-bioleaching ability, which was even higher than that of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The leaching efficiency was not higher in mixed than in pure culture. The phylogenetic relationship of the 25 Acidiphilium-like strains was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, GyrB sequencing and rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting. The 25 strains and other eight species of Acidiphilium spp. were clustered into three groups.

scholarly journals THERMOPHILIC ORGANOTROPHIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS MEIOTHERMUS IN ALKALINE HYDROTHERMS OF PRIBAIKALYE (BURYATIA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Valentina Grygoryevna Budagaeva ◽  
Darima Dondokovna Barkhutova
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Hydrolytic Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Ph Range

Aerobic, facultative anaerobic hydrolytic bacteria are widespread in the sediments and microbial mats of alkaline hot springs in Baikal region (Buryatia). Typical representatives of hydrolytic bacteria are alkalotermophylic bacilli which are capable of utilizing organic matter in alkaline hot spring waters. Two pure cultures of bacteria growing on acetate, pyruvate and soetone were isolated from the microbial mat of Baikal region thermal springs (Buryatia). These strains were non-sporeforming straight or curved rods that morphologically similar to the representatives of the genus Meiothermus. Bacteria on agar medium formed small smooth pink colonies. Ecophysiological properties of isolates are studied (with respect to temperature and pH). Optimal growth temperature of culture Um-14-2-1 was 450C, the temperature range was 35-600C. The temperature range of strain Al-14-3 was 30-60C, with an optimum 50 C. The pH range of strain Um-14-2-1 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.0. The pH range of strain Al-14-3 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.5. Two thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria are similar to the genus Meiothermus by morphophysiological properties and the ability to thermophile, and are moderate thermophiles.

scholarly journals PRODUCTS OF THE OXIDATION OF THIOSULFATE BY BACTERIA IN MINERAL MEDIA

1935 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Primary Reaction ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Autotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Secondary Chemical

Various cultures (previously described), which oxidize thiosulfate in mineral media have been studied in an attempt to determine the products of oxidation. The transformation of sodium thiosulfate by Cultures B, T, and K yields sodium tetrathionate and sodium hydroxide; secondary chemical reactions result in the accumulation of some tri- and pentathionates, sulfate, and elemental sulfur. As a result of the initial reaction, the pH increases; the secondary reactions cause a drop in pH after this initial rise. The primary reaction yields much less energy than the reactions effected by autotrophic bacteria. No significant amounts of assimilated organic carbon were detected in media supporting representatives of these cultures. It is concluded that they are heterotrophic bacteria. Th. novellus oxidizes sodium thiosulfate to sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid; the pH drops progressively with growth and oxidation. Carbon assimilation typical of autotrophic bacteria was detected; the ratio of sulfate-sulfur formed to carbon assimilated was 56:1. It is calculated that 5.1 per cent of the energy yielded by the oxidation of thiosulfate is accounted for in the organic cell substance synthesized from inorganic materials. This organism is a facultative autotroph. The products of oxidation of sodium thiosulfate by Th. thioparus are sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and elemental sulfur; the ratio of sulfate sulfur to elemental sulfur is 3 to 2. The pH decreases during growth and oxidation. The elemental sulfur is produced by the primary reaction and is not a product of secondary chemical changes. The bacterium synthesizes organic compounds from mineral substances during growth. The ratio of thiosulfate-sulfur oxidized to carbon assimilated was 125:1, with 4.7 per cent of the energy of oxidation recovered as organic cell substance. This bacterium is a strict autotroph.

scholarly journals Exploring Marine Environments for the Identification of Extremophiles and Their Enzymes for Sustainable and Green Bioprocesses

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Di Donato ◽  
Andrea Buono ◽  
Annarita Poli ◽  
Ilaria Finore ◽  
Gennaro Abbamondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Green Biotechnology ◽  
Living Organisms

Sea environments harbor a wide variety of life forms that have adapted to live in hard and sometimes extreme conditions. Among the marine living organisms, extremophiles represent a group of microorganisms that attract increasing interest in relation to their ability to produce an array of molecules that enable them to thrive in almost every marine environment. Extremophiles can be found in virtually every extreme environment on Earth, since they can tolerate very harsh environmental conditions in terms of temperature, pH, pressure, radiation, etc. Marine extremophiles are the focus of growing interest in relation to their ability to produce biotechnologically useful enzymes, the so-called extremozymes. Thanks to their resistance to temperature, pH, salt, and pollutants, marine extremozymes are promising biocatalysts for new and sustainable industrial processes, thus representing an opportunity for several biotechnological applications. Since the marine microbioma, i.e., the complex of microorganisms living in sea environments, is still largely unexplored finding new species is a central issue for green biotechnology. Here we described the main marine environments where extremophiles can be found, some existing or potential biotechnological applications of marine extremozymes for biofuels production and bioremediation, and some possible approaches for the search of new biotechnologically useful species from marine environments.

scholarly journals Yeast α-L-Rhamnosidase: Sources, Properties, and Industrial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Pratiksha Singh ◽  
Mohini Prabha Singh ◽  
Pooja Nikhanj ◽  
Param Pal Sahota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Citrus Juices ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Grape Juices ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Yeasts have been used for the heterologous production of a range of enzymes. However, α-L-rhamnosidase production in yeasts as well as its vast potential for biotechnological processes is less reported. α-L-Rhamnosidase is one of the important biotechnologically attractive enzymes in several industrial and biotechnological processes. In food and agriculture industries, the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of hesperidin to release L-rhamnose and hesperidin glucoside, industrial removal of bitterness from citrus juices caused by naringin, and enhancing aroma in grape juices and derived beverages. In pharmaceutical and chemical industries, this enzyme is used in the structural determination of polysaccharides, glycosides and glycolipids, metabolism of gellan, conversion of chloropolysporin B to chloropolysporin C, and production of prunin. Rhamnosidases are extensively distributed in fungi and bacteria while their production from yeast sources is less reported. Yeast rhamnosidase is very important as it is produced in short-duration fermentation, with enhanced shelf life, high thermal stability, capable of retaining juice flavor, and is non-toxic for human consumption. In this review, an attempt has been made to fill up this gap by focusing on production, purification, characterization, structural and molecular biological studies of yeast rhamnosidase and its potential biotechnological applications. Keywords: Industrial applications, Naringin, Rhamnosidase, Yeast

scholarly journals Physiological properties of new species of Acidithiobacillus isolated from abandoned Tin mine in Ha Thuong, Thai Nguyen province

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Tuyet Anh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Tuyen Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
Thi Phuong Quynh Le ◽  
Cuong Tu Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Acidophilic Bacteria ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Potential Applications

Acidophilic bacteria are able to tolerate acidic environment and also contribute to the lowering of environmental pH value, implying potential applications in metal-leaching technology extracting metals from tailings and electronic wastes. In this study, we conducted a sampling campaign in abandoned Tin mine in Ha Thuong, Thai Nguyen province, to isolate acidophilic bacteria and to study physiological characteristics of the isolated bacteria. As a result, two acidophilic bacteria were successfully isolated and identification by 16S rDNA gene sequences showed that the two bacteria are similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (98% and 94% of similarity, respectively). Both strains are tolerant of pH in the range of 3 and have the ability to grow optimally at temperatures of 30°C. Vi khuẩn ưa axit có ý nghĩa ứng dụng trong công nghệ tách rút kim loại từ quặng đuôi và ngay cả từ rác thải linh kiện điện tử. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã tiến hành thu mẫu ở mỏ thiếc bỏ hoang ở Hà Thượng, Thái Nguyên nhằm phân lập được nhóm vi khuẩn ưa axit và qua đó nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm sinh lý của vi khuẩn này. Kết quả chúng tôi đã phân lập được hai chủng vi khuẩn ưa axit. Định dạng bằng nhận diện trình tự gen 16S rADN cho thấy hai vi khuẩn này có độ tương đồng là 98% với vi khuẩn Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans và 94% Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Cả hai chủng vi khuẩn đều có tính chịu pH trong khoảng 3 và có khả năng sinh trưởng tối ưu ở nhiệt độ 30°C.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Microbial Populations in Cold Perennial Springs of the High Arctic

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (22) ◽  
pp. 6898-6907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy N. Perreault ◽  
Charles W. Greer ◽  
Dale T. Andersen ◽  
Stefanie Tille ◽  
Georges Lacrampe-Couloume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Moderate Salinity

ABSTRACT The saline springs of Gypsum Hill in the Canadian high Arctic are a rare example of cold springs originating from deep groundwater and rising to the surface through thick permafrost. The heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (up to 40% of the total microbial community) isolated from the spring waters and sediments were classified into four phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) based on 16S rRNA gene analysis; heterotrophic isolates were primarily psychrotolerant, salt-tolerant, facultative anaerobes. Some of the isolates contained genes for thiosulfate oxidation (soxB) and anoxygenic photosynthesis (pufM), possibly enabling the strains to better compete in these sulfur-rich environments subject to long periods of illumination in the Arctic summer. Although leucine uptake by the spring water microbial community was low, CO2 uptake was relatively high under dark incubation, reinforcing the idea that primary production by chemoautotrophs is an important process in the springs. The small amounts of hydrocarbons in gases exsolving from the springs (0.38 to 0.51% CH4) were compositionally and isotopically consistent with microbial methanogenesis and possible methanotrophy. Anaerobic heterotrophic sulfur oxidation and aerobic autotrophic sulfur oxidation activities were demonstrated in sediment slurries. Overall, our results describe an active microbial community capable of sustainability in an extreme environment that experiences prolonged periods of continuous light or darkness, low temperatures, and moderate salinity, where life seems to rely on chemolithoautotrophy.

Advanced analysis of membrane-bioreactor performance with aerobic-anoxic cycling

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. V. de Silva ◽  
V. Urbain ◽  
D. H. Abeysinghe ◽  
B. E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Autotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Cyclic Data

Mathematical modeling and intensive chemical analysis are used to quantify the relationships among the heterotrophic bacteria, autotrophic bacteria, and key inorganic (NH4+-N and NO3−-N) and organic (COD) compounds of municipal wastewater treated in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) operated with aerobic-anoxic cycles. Key features of the model for MBR are no biomass in the effluent, partial removal of biomass-associated products by the membrane, and D.O. cycling with 9 mg/L during aeration period and 0.5 mg/L for the anoxic period. The model explains the key trends in the cyclic data: NH4+-N is consumed only during aerobic periods and rises steadily during anoxic period; NO3−-N is produced only during aerobic periods, but declines in anoxic periods; The soluble COD in treated water mainly consists of BAP and is relatively constant through the cycle. Advantages of introducing an anoxic cycle to the continuous-flow MBR process are reduction of total effluent nitrogen, oxygen consumption, and sludge production as a consequence of denitrification. On the other hand, the anoxic period causes an increase in the average effluent NH4+-N.

scholarly journals Ecological and biochemical properties of thermophilic bacteria taken from the Dachnie hot springs of Kamchatka (Far East, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Elena G. Lebedeva ◽  
Natalya A. Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Far East ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Wide Range

In this work, we studied some ecological and biochemical characteristics (cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, extracellular enzymatic activity, bacterial growth in various ranges of temperatures, pH, NaCl concentrations, resistance to heavy metals) of 14 strains of thermophilic bacteria taken from thermal waters and microbial mats of Kamchatka Dachnie springs. On selective environment the strains formed mostly transparent, beige, white-gray, brown, yellow and pink colonies. It was shown that the isolates were represented most of all by asporogenic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive, mobile, gram-negative rods of various sizes. Most of the cultures were capable of forming exozymes, especially amylases and proteinases. The strains grew in a wide range of temperatures (3550C), pH (58), NaCl concentration (15%) and were characterized by increased resistance to a number of heavy metals. 4 strains of thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria exhibited multiple multidrug resistance to metals. They were identified and it was shown that the isolates were represented by bacteria of the genus Bacillus sp. (№ 19), Thermus sp. (№ 40), Pseudomonas sp. (№ 15), Rhizobium sp. (№ 125). The strains with high enzymatic activity and increased resistance to pollutants are promising for use in the field of ecology for cleaning contaminated environmental objects.

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