Papers as Functional Green Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Francis Bloch ◽  
Imtiaz Ali ◽  
Raphael Passas ◽  
Sabine Rolland du Roscoat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fibrous Network ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Recycled Fibers

Paper is constituted of natural fibers and represents a perfect example of structural multifunctional materials. Indeed, its fibrous structure is engineered to fit the different end use properties: both optical and mechanical properties are usually required. These requirements may lead to contradictory needs in terms of structure. The influence of the structure on the physical properties is classically tackled based on standard methods such as the estimation of the porosity. However, this macroscopic property is not sufficient in terms of optimization of the fibrous network. For example, fluid transport has to be controlled either in the bulk of the material or only at its surface in the case of health or printing applications. Consequently, the characterization at the macro-level of the structure has to be complemented with an experimental measurement at the fiber level. The X-ray synchrotron micro-tomography, an imaging technique, is based on X-ray transmission. It allows the structure to be analyzed in 3D. It was carried in a large instrument (ESRF, France). The characterization of samples containing different recycled fibers was carried out. In particular, the influence of the number of cycles of drying-pulping is studied. Both qualitative and quantitative characterizations are obtained. The use of recycled fibers may also be included in the elaboration of materials, taking into account the modification of the fibers in terms of morphology and mechanical properties, essentially flexibility. Mechanical properties (tensile and deformation) constitute the main examples of the analysis showing the effect of the recycling of natural fibers: the decrease in mechanical resistance of the fibrous network is explained in terms of the increase of the global porosity, essentially in the bulk of the materials. The profile of porosity in the thickness direction is found to be essential to understand the evolution of physical properties.

X-ray diffraction studies of rapid cooled Al-V and Al-Fe-V alloys

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (96 extended issue) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
O. Shved ◽  
S. Mudry ◽  
V. Girzhon ◽  
O. Smolyakov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Nonequilibrium Conditions

Purpose: of this paper is to deep and more complete knowledge about the features of phase and structure formation in Al-based alloys with transition metals (TM) Fe and V at rapid cooling from melt. It is known, that nonequilibrium synthesis conditions of such alloys lead to quasicrystalline, amorphous or metastable phases formation, which can significantly improve the physical-chemical properties and first of all the mechanical ones. But understanding of compositional dependences of structure features at formation under nonequilibrium conditions and the correlation of these dependences with physical properties of alloys is far to be clear. Design/methodology/approach: Structure of Al-enriched Al-V, Al-V-Fe rapid cooled alloys was studied by X-ray diffraction method. In order to estimate the influence of structural state of alloy on the mechanical properties the integral microhardness was studied by Vickers method. Findings: Two quasicrystalline icosaedral phases with different cell parameters are revealed in ternary alloys Al100-3xV2xFex (x=2-4). Increasing of transition metal content promotes the formation of phase with higher quasicell parameter embedded in amorphous matrix. With increasing of the transition elements total content from 6 up to 12 at. % the microhardness of alloys increased gradually from 867 to 3050 MPa. Research limitations/implications: Research of nonequilibrium alloys revealed crystalline structure of Al-V alloys and quasicrystalline embedded in amorphous matrix of Al-Fe-V ternary alloys. Obtained results suppose that further structure and physical properties studies of Al-Fe-V alloys will allows to find the conditions to control the producing of materials with desired properties. Practical implications: Using of rapid cooling method for synthesis of Al-enriched Al-Fe-V alloys give an opportunity to produce alloys with significantly improved mechanical properties. Originality/value: Nonequilibrium conditions of cooling allow significantly changes the structure and properties.

Effects of Antioxidants Content on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafizuddin Ab Ghani ◽  
Ahmad Haji Sahrim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Twin Screw

We investigated the effects of amount of antioxidants variability on selected mechanical and physical properties of wood plastic composites. Recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and natural fibers were compounded into pellets by compounder, then the pellets were extruded using co-rotating twin-screw extruder and test specimens were prepared by hot and cold press process. From the study, samples with 0.5 wt% of antioxidants produce the highest strength and elasticity of composites. The effect of antioxidants presence on water uptake is minimal.

Studies in the Interfacial Relationships between Rubber and Fillers. I. The Tear Resistance of Vulcanized Rubber

1933 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-485
Author(s):  
G. D. Lefcaditis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Effects ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Fibrous Network ◽  
Resistance To Wear ◽  
Thin Film Formation ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Tear Resistance

Abstract 1. Interfacial affinity of rubber for fillers is suggested as mainly responsible for the phenomena of tear resistance and resistance to abrasion of vulcanized rubber mixes, whereas “reinforcement,” as indicated by increase in tensile strength and resilient energy, is thought to be caused partly by mechanical effects such as friction and thin film formation. Anisotropic fillers are particularly liable to develop such mechanical effects, and thus produce a type of reinforcement which need not necessarily imply increased resistance to wear. 2. Considerable importance is attached to the supposed fibrous network structure of rubber, indicated by recent x-ray work. Gradual destruction of the network during mastication is considered as the cause of the decrease in tear resistance of vulcanized products from overmilled rubber. Similarly the high tear resistance of latex rubber is explained by assuming the framework unimpaired. The fillers in this case are believed to play a secondary role. 3. The cause of grain effect resides in both the filler and the rubber phase. Isotropic fillers of high affinity for rubber can produce strong grain effect, due to fixation of orientated elementary rubber fibers. 4. The tear resistance and other mechanical properties of a vulcanized rubber compound are functions of the disaggregation of the rubber during milling and mixing, the speed of the accelerator, and the temperature of vulcanization. The best physical properties with any particular compound were obtained when it was either produced direct from latex or by milling in nitrogen. The faster the accelerator employed, and the lower the temperature of vulcanization, the better the physical properties of the vulcanized product.

scholarly journals SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN KOMPOSIT BERBAHAN DASAR SERAT SABUT KELAPA DAN SERAT BATANG PISANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosim Kosim ◽  
Wahyudi Wahyudi ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
Aris Doyan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Reinforcing Material

Research on the manufacture of composite particle board based on natural fiber: coconut fiber (SSK) and banana fiber (SBP) by using PVAc matrix has been conducted. The purpose of this research is to get the physical and mechanical value of standard on composite board based on SNI03-2105-2006The research method is by taking the comparison of banana fiber reinforcing material (SBP) and coco fiber (SSK) in the form of particle size with composition ie (a) SBP 0%: SKK 100% (b) SBP 50%: SKK 50%, (c) SBP 80%: SSK 20, (d) SBP 60%: SSK 40%, (e) SBP 40%: SSK 60%, (f) SBP 20%: SKK 80%, and (g) SBP 100%: SSK 0%.All composite boards consist of 70 % Matrix and 30% fiber. The result of physical properties for density (ρ) ranges from 0.54 gr / cm3 - 0.75 gr / cm3 and for water content (KA) ranges from 10.5% - 13.9%.As for the mechanical properties of the value of modulus rupture (MOR) ranged between 3483.44 kgf / cm2 - 7472,30 kgf / cm2 and elastic modulus value (MOE) ranged between 15981.23 kgf / cm2 - 27243,74 kgf / cm2. Based on the analysis of tredline graphs, both for physical and mechanical properties, it turns out for each composition of natural fibers to give different values.This means that the composition of the SSK-SBP mixture has an influence on the physical properties as well as the mechanical properties of the composite board. The quality of natural fiber-based composite board (SSK and SBP) both physical and mechanical properties have been in accordance with the standard reference SNI 03-02105-2006.

A Novel Method to Determine The Mechanical Properties of Ultra-Thin Films.

1998 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. White ◽  
W. L. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Established Technique

ABSTRACTRecent experimental results based on x-ray reflectivity[1, 2], and ellipsometry[3] have demonstrated that physical properties of polymer films thinner than one micron may deviate significantly from bulk values[4]. The mechanical properties of the ultra-thin films (sub-micron) are experimentally difficult to determine with precision. The quartz crystal microbalance is an established technique for measuring properties of polymer thin films of a few microns thick. [5–7] Recently this quartz crystal microbalance technique has been modified for measuring the mechanical properties of sub-micron polymer films with high precision. The details and preliminary results from this recently modified quartz crystal microbalance technique will be presented.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Mineral Fibers Depending on the Mineralogical Composition

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6108
Author(s):  
David Bombac ◽  
Martin Lamut ◽  
Primož Mrvar ◽  
Brane Širok ◽  
Benjamin Bizjan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Mineral Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
Melting And Crystallization Temperatures ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

A developed methodology for determining the physical properties of mineral fibers prepared from different input mixtures under the same spinning wheel conditions is described and discussed. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was combined with simultaneous thermal analysis and thermogravimetry to study the mineralogical composition and typical melting and crystallization temperatures. The mechanical properties measured with nanoindentation were related to the mineralogical properties and the results obtained are in agreement with the literature. The developed methodology shows reliable performance and demonstrates the ability to study the mechanical properties of mineral fibers, their mineralogical composition, and thermal properties. The presented experimental methodology opens up the possibility of researching the mechanical properties of mineral fibers for the purpose of defining production recipes in the field of mineral thermal insulation materials.

scholarly journals Effect of different sources of alumina on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the triaxial porcelain

Cerâmica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (356) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gralik ◽  
A. L. Chinelattot ◽  
A. S. A. Chinelatto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Alumina Refractory ◽  
Different Sources

Porcelains composed of kaolin-quartz-feldspar are called triaxial porcelains. The use of alumina as a substitute for quartz in porcelains has been developed for some time. The results show a significant improvement in their mechanical properties, but alumina has a high cost. The possibility of using alternative materials as a source of alumina with lower cost was investigated. In this work, alternative raw materials were used as a source of alumina: refractory bauxite, primary aluminum hydroxide, reprecipitated aluminum hydroxide. Compositions with commercial alumina and quartz were also formulated to better understand the effects of adding these alternative materials. The raw materials were milled, dried, and characterized by analysis of the particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence. The compositions were formulated by replacing the different sources of alumina in the formulation of porcelain. The compositions studied were shaped by pressing and sintered at different temperatures (1150-1400 ºC). The results showed that the use of bauxite and aluminum hydroxide as an alternative source of Al2O3 is viable. The impurities contained in refractory bauxite contributed to the lower values of flexural strength found in compositions having refractory bauxite as a source of alumina. The compositions with reprecipitated aluminum hydroxide showed a high mechanical resistance at low sintering temperatures, while compositions with aluminum hydroxide obtained by the Bayer process achieved good results of mechanical strength in a wide temperature range.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

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