Production of Wollastonite from Local Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 635-639
Author(s):  
Hidayu Jamil Noorina ◽  
W.M. Arif ◽  
M.S. Noorhamizah
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Different Temperatures

This project is focused on the production of wollastonite (CaSiO3) from local resources. Wollastonite was produced by milling silica (SiO2) and limestone (CaCO3) in planetary mill for 1 and 5 hours. Samples have been sintered at different temperatures which are 900oC, 1100oC and 1300oC for 1 hour. The raw materials that have been used was collected from surround of state of Perlis and have high purity. This has been proven by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis. By observing under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the morphology of wollastonite shows that it has high porosity and disperses homogeneously. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the phase of β wollastonite occurred almost at high temperature which is 1100oC. Besides, the intensity of peak also shows that the wollastonite has crystalline structure. The C-O and C-C bonding is proven by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. The particle size for 1h milling is 26.16μm while for 5h is 16.8 μm.

Fabrication of Baking-free Bricks from Iron Ore Tailings

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Chen ◽  
Zi Wang ◽  
Lizhai Pei ◽  
Z. Y. Xue ◽  
C. H. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Ore Tailings ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Micro Morphology

Aims: The aim is to prepare baking-free bricks using iron ore tailings as the main raw materials. Objective: Iron ore tailings have increased dramatically in recent decades. The storage of the iron ore tailings has potential environmental and safety hazard. Therefore, it is urgent to use the tailings to produce valuable products. Objective: The objective of the research is to treat the tailings by preparing the baking-free bricks. Method: The phases and micro-morphology of the baking-free bricks have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal components and preparation parameters of the baking-free bricks were determined by controlling the ratio of the raw materials and forming pressure. The physical properties of the baking-free bricks including compressive strength and density have been analyzed by controlling the forming pressure and curing time. Result: The optimal components of the baking-free bricks is 65wt.% tailings, 5wt.% titanium gypsum, 17wt.% slag, 5wt. Conclusion: Baking-free bricks have been successfully prepared from the iron ore tailings adding a small amount of cementing materials including titanium gypsum, slag, acetylene sludge and waste brick powder. Other: The XRD pattern and SEM observation show that 28 d tailing bricks are mainly composed of irregular particles and a large number of ettringite (Aft) nanorods. The analyzed results revealed that the formed irregular particles and Aft nanorods contribute to the improvement of compressive strength and compactness of the tailing bricks.

Phase Transformation of Biphasic Granules of Gypsum and Carbonated Apatite at Low Temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Noorzidah Mohd Sabri ◽  
Syazana Abu Bakar ◽  
Abdul Yazid Abdul Manaf ◽  
Siti Farhana Hisham ◽  
Mohamad Azmirruddin Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Bone Apatite

The purpose of this study was to prepare biphasic granules containing gypsum and carbonated apatite at low temperatures. The biphasic granules were prepared using dissolution-precipitation technique at three different temperatures 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. Characterization of the biphasic granules was determined by multiple analytical methods such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), and CHN Analysis. The obtained granules were determined by XRD as biphasic granules containing bone apatite and gypsum. The cross-section of biphasic granules was observed by SEM. The formed bone apatite was identified as B-Type carbonated apatite using FTIR The carbonate content in biphasic granules fabricated at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C were recorded by CHN analysis as 5.0 wt%, 6.1 wt% and 6.25 wt%, respectively.

scholarly journals Unique chemical activity in porous YbB2C2 ceramics with high porosity and high compressive strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Jixin Chen ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Jinxing Yang ◽  
Minmin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Compressive Strength ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Unique Chemical

AbstractHigh purity layered YbB2C2 powder is synthesized by a boro/carbothermic reduction method using YbBO3, B4C and graphite powders as raw materials. Its X-ray diffraction data are presented, and the space group P4/mbm (No. 127) is confirmed. The lattice parameters are a = b = 5.3389 Å and c = 3.5683 Å, and the atom positions are Yb (0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000), B (0.3621, 0.8621, 0.5000), and C (0.1606, 0.6606, 0.5000). Porous YbB2C2 ceramics have a high porosity in the range of 69.89–58.11% and a high compressive strength in the range of 19.49–63.44 MPa. Furthermore, the as-produced porous YbB2C2 ceramics show unique chemical activity. Porous YbB2C2 ceramic with a porosity of 69.89% emits so much heat that it can burn a piece of paper when this ceramic is wetted by water. The rate of reaction between the porous YbB2C2 ceramic and water can be simply controlled by adjusting the porosity. The solid reaction products are YbB6, C and an unknown amorphous phase.

Chemically Treated Submicron Illite Clays for Product with Improved Strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 1117 ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Liga Grase ◽  
Gundars Mezinskis ◽  
Inta Vitina
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Minerals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

A variety of industrial minerals, such as kaolinite, feldspars, and etc., have been used as solid raw materials in the geopolymerization technology. The illite-containing raw material in this study was obtained by the use of sedimentation method. Clay and dust fractions was subjected to the treatment with NaOH alkaline solution and afterwards treated at different temperatures. Results obtained by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption method confirmed the usability of Liepas deposit homogenized gray and red clays for possible realization of geopolymer method.

X-Ray Diffraction Patterns of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers with Varying Crystallinity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Afifah Ahmad Kuthi ◽  
Khairiah Haji Badri ◽  
Azlin Mohmad Azman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Crystallinity of oil palm fiber from empty fruit bunch (EFB) with and without tretaments was studied by analyzing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. In this paper, we focused on the effect of acid hydrolysis onto EFB on the crystallinity of the extracted cellulose. The reaction was carried out by soaking EFB in 1% (v/v) aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different temperatures of 120, 130 and 140°C for 1 h. The XRD patterns significantly showed changes in the 2θ peaks before and after the treatment. These changes were described in term of polymorphs type present, reflection and allomorphs of the samples. XRD peak high and XRD deconvolution methods were used to calculate and compare the percentage of crystallinity of untreated EFB (UT-EFB) and acid hydrolyzed samples (AH-EFB). Based on the calculation, increment of about 1.3 times and 1.5 times were achieved by using WAXS and XRD deconvolution methods respectively. This is due to the removal of amorphous part contributed by lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the presence of similar peaks in AH-EFB and commercial microcrystalline cellulose (C-MCC) at 1427, 1315, 895 and 1022 cm-1. The micrographic features showed the acid hydrolysis had successfully took place and separated the EFB microfibrils bundles.

scholarly journals Sintering of anorthite based ceramics prepared from kaolin DD2 and calcite

Cerâmica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (364) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zaiou ◽  
A. Harabi ◽  
E. Harabi ◽  
A. Guechi ◽  
N. Karboua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract In this work, the preparation of anorthite based ceramics using a modified milling system and 80 wt% kaolin (DD2 type) and 20 wt% calcium oxide extracted from CaCO3 is shown. The choice of these raw materials was dictated by their natural abundance. Previous studies have shown that a simple and vibratory multidirectional milling system using a bimodal distribution of highly resistant ceramics can be successfully used for obtaining fine powders. The prepared samples were sintered at different temperatures ranging between 800 and 1100 °C. It has been found that the relative density of samples sintered at 900 °C for 1 h with a heating rate of 5 °C/min was about 96% of the theoretical density of anorthite (2.75 g/cm3). Finally, the prepared samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

scholarly journals A Review of the Classification of Opal with Reference to Recent New Localities

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville J. Curtis ◽  
Jason R. Gascooke ◽  
Martin R. Johnston ◽  
Allan Pring
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Acceptable Alternative ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
New Localities ◽  
The One

Our examination of over 230 worldwide opal samples shows that X-ray diffraction (XRD) remains the best primary method for delineation and classification of opal-A, opal-CT and opal-C, though we found that mid-range infra-red spectroscopy provides an acceptable alternative. Raman, infra-red and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy may also provide additional information to assist in classification and provenance. The corpus of results indicated that the opal-CT group covers a range of structural states and will benefit from further multi-technique analysis. At the one end are the opal-CTs that provide a simple XRD pattern (“simple” opal-CT) that includes Ethiopian play-of-colour samples, which are not opal-A. At the other end of the range are those opal-CTs that give a complex XRD pattern (“complex” opal-CT). The majority of opal-CT samples fall at this end of the range, though some show play-of-colour. Raman spectra provide some correlation. Specimens from new opal finds were examined. Those from Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Peru, Tanzania and Turkey all proved to be opal-CT. Of the three specimens examined from Indonesian localities, one proved to be opal-A, while a second sample and the play-of-colour opal from West Java was a “simple” Opal-CT. Evidence for two transitional types having characteristics of opal-A and opal-CT, and “simple” opal-CT and opal-C are presented.

Synthesis of iron nanocomposite reinforced by TiC particles via mechanical activation from ilmenite concentrate and carbon black

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Firouzbakht ◽  
Mansour Razavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimipour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ilmenite Concentrate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Atmosphere Control

AbstractIn this research, synthesis of Fe-TiC nanocomposites from activated ilmenite concentrate and carbon black was investigated. Ilmenite and carbon black as raw materials were milled in a planetary ball mill and sampled after different milling times. The activated powder was heat treated at different temperatures in an atmosphere control tube furnace and analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray diffraction results showed that increasing the milling time would lower the synthesis temperature of final products. Furthermore, the lattice parameter showed deviation from standard size, and mean grain size was decreased. In contrast, the strain of the system was increased based on the calculations.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

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