A Study on the Graft-Copolymerization of 2-Acryloyloxyethyl Acid Phosphate onto Natural Rubber

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Chadchai Sorarutayangkoor ◽  
Jirapong Boonyasiri ◽  
Jitladda Sakdapipanich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Heat Build Up

Nowadays, natural rubber (NR) is one of the most important agricultural product of Thailand, which is an important substance with special characteristics such as mechanical properties, excellent strength, and low heat build-up. However, NR is non-polarity that limited its application in industry. To expand the use of NR, this research is interested to improve the polarity of NR by grafting NR with 2-acryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate (P-1A(N)) monomer. The influences of the monomer concentration, dry rubber concentration (DRC) and reaction time were investigated. The best condition of the graft co-polymerization was 10% DRC, 20 phr of monomer and 3h of reaction time. NR was successfully grafted with P-1A(N) monomer by using this condition. It can be confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Properties of Nano-matrix Structure Formed by Graft-Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Natural Rubber

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kontapond Prukkaewkanjana ◽  
Seiichi Kawahara ◽  
Jitladda Sakdapipanich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Matrix Structure ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Monomer

Natural rubber (NR) is one of the most important agriculture products of Thailand, which is an important material with unique and special characteristics used in wide range of applications such as mechanical properties, excellent strength, and elasticity. However, it is inferior in oil resistance due to the presence of hydrogen and carbon in its structure. This inherent drawback of NR has limited its application in industry. In order to expand the use of NR, this research is interested to improve the oil resistance of NR without loss of outstanding properties by grafting NR with acrylonitrile (AN) monomer to form the nano-matrix structure. The influences of the initial monomer concentration and initial initiator concentration were investigated. These effects on structure, mechanical properties and oil resistance properties were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, tensile machine, and swelling in toluene, respectively. It was found that the tensile strength and oil resistance properties of graft copolymerization of AN onto NR increased with increasing the percentage grafting efficiency of acrylonitrile monomer.

Kinetics of Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerization of Vinylbenzyl Chloride onto Nylon Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Ting ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Kamaruddin Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Kinetics Of

The graft copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto nylon-6 fiber was investigated by the pre-irradiation method using electron beam. The effects of grafting parameters, monomer concentration, absorbed dose and reaction temperature were investigated. The empirical kinetic rate equation dGo/dt=k[M]^0.86*[D]^1.06 was used to describe grafting of VBC onto nylon-6. The overall activation energy for graft copolymerization of VBC was found to be 22.6 kJ/mol. The results revealed that the grafting kinetic was controlled by the amounts of trapped radicals and monomer molecules. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was used to provide evidence for the formation of grafted copolymers.

scholarly journals Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Vietnam Modified Natural Rubber via Grafting with Styrene

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dung ◽  
N. T. Nhan ◽  
N. T. Thuong ◽  
D. Q. Viet ◽  
N. H. Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Redox Initiator ◽  
Tetraethylene Pentamine

The dynamic mechanical behavior of modified deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) prepared by graft copolymerization with various styrene contents was investigated at a wide range of temperatures. Graft copolymerization of styrene onto DPNR was performed in latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) as redox initiator. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile test and the viscoelastic properties of the resulting graft copolymers at wide range of temperature and frequency were investigated. It was found that the tensile strength depends on the grafted polystyrene; meanwhile the dynamic mechanical properties of the modification of DPNR meaningfully improved with the increasing of both homopolystyrene and grafted polystyrene compared to DPNR. The dynamic mechanical properties of graft copolymer over a large time scale were studied by constructing the master curves. The value of bT has been used to prove the energetic and entropic elasticity of the graft copolymer.

Grafting of Itaconic Anhydride onto Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer for Rubber Blend, Experimental Optimization of Grafting Extent

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muryanee Puteh ◽  
Pairote Klinpituksa ◽  
Azizan Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Peak Ratio ◽  
Itaconic Anhydride ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Absorbance Peak

Graft copolymers of natural rubber with itaconic anhydride (IA) were prepared in toluene using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, monomer concentration and initiator concentration on natural rubber grafting were investigated. Graft copolymers (NR-g-IA) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The grafting content of IA onto NR was estimated by means of FTIR using the absorbance peak ratio for 1783 cm-1 and 835 cm-1, corresponding to the symmetric C=O stretching and the =C-H out of plane bending in natural rubber, respectively. Titration was also used to determine the amount of IA grafted onto natural rubber. The optimal grafting conditions for preparation of NR-g-IA were found at 10 phr IA, 2.5 phr BPO, 85°C temperature, and 2.5 hr reaction time.

Use of FT-IR in the Conservation of Twentieth Century Objects

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cretchen L. Shearer ◽  
Sherry Doyal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Cellulose Nitrate ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractThe application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT..IR) to the identification of early semi-synthetic and synthetic plastics is discussed. The sample technique is described. Three materials, natural rubber, cellulose nitrate (celluloid) and cellulose acetate are discussed and examples of identification of these materials are presented.

Effect of organoclay loading level on mechanical properties, thermomechanical behavior, and heat build-up of natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uraiwan Sookyung ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Woothichai Thaijaroen ◽  
Norbert Vennemann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermomechanical Behavior ◽  
Loading Level ◽  
Heat Build Up

Effect of POE Grafting Degree and Compatibilization on the Properties of PBT/POE Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 2049-2053
Author(s):  
Jian Bing Guo ◽  
Kai Zhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Melt Grafting ◽  
Phase Size ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Grafting Degree

Poly (ethylene 1-octene) (POE) was functionalized to varying degrees with maleic anhydride (MA) by melt grafting processes. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirmed that maleic anhydride was successfully grafted onto the POE. The POE-g-MAH elastomers were used to toughen Polybutylene terephthalate(PBT). The mechanical properties, morphology and the dispersal phase size were investigated. Results showed that the grafting degree strongly influenced the morphology, mechanical properties and the dispersal phase size. All results in this paper were consistent, and showed good interaction between POE and PBT, which was proven by the mechanical properties of blends.

scholarly journals Improvement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vietnam Deproteinized Natural Rubber via Graft Copolymerization with Methyl Methacrylate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Hieu Nguyen Duy ◽  
Dung Tran Anh ◽  
Thuong Nghiem Thi ◽  
Thu Ha Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Deproteinized Natural Rubber

In this study, we investigated the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) via graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The graft copolymerization was achieved successfully in latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetra-ethylenepentamine (TEPA) as radical initiators at 30°C. By grafting with various MMA feeds and initiator concentration of 6.6×10−5 mol/g-rubber, the highest grafting efficiency and conversion were achieved at MMA of 15 wt.% per kg of rubber, 68% and 90%, respectively. The structure of grafted copolymers was characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR-ATR, and GPC, and thermal properties were investigated through DSC and TGA measurements. These showed that graft copolymers were more stable and rigid than DPNR. Storage modulus (G′) of graft copolymer was found to double that of DPNR, which contributed to the formation of graft copolymer. After sulfur vulcanization, the mechanical properties of DPNR-graft-PMMA, such as tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness, were improved significantly. Curing behaviors of the graft copolymers were found to be remarkably better than virgin DPNR.

Bioenveloping Inorganic Filler-Based Eggshell Wastes for Enhancing the Properties of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Moustafa ◽  
Soma El-Mogy ◽  
Saber A. Ibrahim ◽  
Anhar Awad ◽  
Nabila A. Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Lower Temperature

ABSTRACT In this study, eggshell (ES) wastes were used as a renewable reinforcing material in natural rubber (NR) composite to limit carbon production. Long bio-alkyd resin (LAR) was also used to envelope the inorganic ES particles and to aid in dispersing the filler in the NR matrix. The effect of the coated ES filler (ESR) in the rubber mix on the morphology, mechanical properties, and swelling was investigated. The ES filler and its biocomposites were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared imaging microscope (FT-IR-IM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphological data reveal that the resin enhances the dispersion of the ES filler in the NR matrix. These data were confirmed by the results obtained from FT-IR-IM. The swelling and mechanical properties were significantly improved when the coated filler was used in NR matrix, especially at 20 wt.% ESR. DSC thermograms revealed that the increase in the resin caused the glass transition temperature (Tg) to be shifted to a lower temperature. The obtained results show that the bioenveloping ESR can be used as potential alternative for green tire and vehicle applications rather than conventional petroleum-based filler.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document