Granite Waste as a Raw Material in Ceramic Body Formulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Phoumiphon Nordala ◽  
Mohamad Hasmaliza ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hirajima ◽  
Radzali Othman
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Fluxing Agent ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

The escalating interest of researchers to use industrial waste materials in the manufacture of ceramic products is growing. This work is aimed at studying the properties of granite waste (GW) upon incorporation in ceramic bodies. Initially, the GW was characterized in terms of chemical and mineralogical compositions. Then, the GW was added (in the range 40-60 wt.%) to a ball clay. Firing was carried out at 1100°C to1200°C and then the properties of the fired specimens were determined. The results showed that specimens with GW 50 wt.% fired at 1150°C exhibited the best properties, i.e. minimum water absorption of <0.36%, the best bulk density (2.48 g/cm3) and strength (21.34 MPa). This showed that GW can act as a fluxing agent and reduces the firing temperature of the ceramic body with additional advantages in terms of cost and reuse of waste materials.

The Effect of Flux to Physical and Chemical Properties of Ceramic Body Using Ball Clay from Kampung Dengir, Besut, Terengganu

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Siti Nadhirah Ahmad Zaid ◽  
Muhammad Syukri Abdul Halim ◽  
Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Fluxing Agent

The fluxing agent usually used to reduce the sintering temperature of ceramic production. In order to achieve this study, the potassium feldspar had used as a fluxing agent in range between 15.2 - 42.5 %. The mixture of slurry was formulated by using ball clay, silica, polyethylene glycol and potassium feldspar to produce the ceramic pieces. The sample was prepared by aging the mixed clay with additives and aging for 24 hours before casting on the flat mould to form rectangular ceramic pieces. The body pieces then undergo thermal treatment at temperature of 800C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C and 1200°C for 2 hours with heating rate 5°C/min as to study the effect of flux towards sintering behavior of the samples. The characterization of the samples was conduct in order to study the chemical composition of sample. The effect of the fluxing agent towards sintering temperature was evaluated in order to investigate the firing shrinkage, density, porosity and water absorption. The result shows at temperature of 1100°C with increasing the amount of flux, the firing shrinkage decreasing from 18 to 13 %. Increasing the amount of flux had decrease the porosity and water absorption of ceramic pieces and the density of the ceramic pieces almost uniform. The optimum amount of flux was 42.5% and sintering temperature was 1100°C.

Effect of Dispersant Addition on Properties of Ceramic Pieces from Kampung Dengir, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Noor Asliza Ismail Adnen ◽  
Nur Atiqah Azwa Joulme Morad ◽  
Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Ceramic Slurry ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Good Flow

The abundancy of ball clay can be transform into more useful form. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different amount of dispersant on ceramic system. Ball clay from Kampung Dengir, Besut, Terengganu was used as starting powder while sodium silicate was used as dispersant to produce good flow ability, minimum viscosity and controllable ceramic slurry. Ceramic slurry was prepared by adding additives such as binder, flux, filler and dispersant, casted onto POP mould to obtain ceramic body. Ceramic then cut into test pieces (8cm x 2cm) and mixed for 2 h and aged for 2 days before dried at 70 °C overnight and sintered at temperature of 800-1200 °C in furnace for 2 h with heating rate 5 °C/min. Slurries also tested for rheological properties using rheometer (brand Thermo Haake). Viscosity and shear stress were measured to investigate the rhoelogical behaviour of slip with different amount of dispersant (0.03 mL to 0.06 mL/200 mL of sample). Characterization of raw samples has been done using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) showing the presence of kaolinite and quartz. Effect of dispersant on rheological behavior, rate of shrinkage, water absorption, porosity and density were investigated It was found that increase in amount of dispersant added exhibit the best rheological behavior, and 0.05 mL dispersant was the optimum amount in term of rate of shrinkage, water absorption, porosity and density. As a conclusion, 0.05 mL was the optimum dispersant which gives best rheological behavior and almost fault-free ceramic bodies

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Mana Eambua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Watcharakhon Nethan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Marble Dust

The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature. The most desirable properties of the clay bricks were obtained for the powdered marble dust content of 40 vol.% and firing temperature 900 °C: bulk density of 1.20 g/cm3, compressive strength 9.2 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.32 W/m.K, and water absorption 22.5%.

Properties of Dan Kwian, Sukhothai and Ratchaburi Pottery Clays Fired at 700 and 900 °C

2014 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Nonglak Meethong ◽  
Wanwisa Pattanasiriwisawa ◽  
Weenawan Somphon ◽  
Waraporn Tanthanuch ◽  
Sutham Srilomsak
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Statistical Software

Dan Kwian, Sukhothai and Ratchaburi pottery clays are economically important pottery clays. They are well known in the Thai ceramic society for making Dan Kwian pottery, Sawankhalok pottery and Dragon jars, respectively. There have been several studies of these pottery clays. However, few of them used statistics to analyze their results. This work is a comparative study of the compositions and properties of these three pottery clays using statistical software to analyze the results. Results show that the major components of these pottery clays are SiO2 and Al2O3. The Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of each pottery clay fired at 700°C are not significantly different. Sukhothai pottery clay fired at 900°C has a higher MOR and bulk density while its porosity, water absorption and apparent specific gravity are less than those of the Dan Kwian and Ratchaburi pottery clays fired at the same temperature. Additionally, the current study developed regression equations for estimating the properties of all pottery clays under study. Finally, it was found that the L*, a*, b* and reflectance spectra of all pottery clays increased when firing temperature was increased from 700 to 900°C.

Utilization of Iron Tailings for High Strength Fired Brick

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2373-2377
Author(s):  
Wei Juan Guo ◽  
Gao Xiang Du ◽  
Ran Fang Zuo ◽  
Jing Hui Liao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Fired Bricks

his paper studies the feasibility of preparation high strength fired bricks from iron tailings with addition of clay and coal gangue. The results indicated that the optimum conditions were found to be that the hematite tailings content were 35%–50%; the firing temperature was 1000 °C. Under these conditions, the mechanical strength, the water absorption and the bulk density of the fired bricks were 21.17–26.14 MPa, 14.55–15.47% and 1.648–1.629g/cm3, respectively, these were well conformed to standards MU20 of Chinese Fired Common Bricks Standard (GB/T5101-2003).The phase composition and microstructure of the fired specimen were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the major crystalline phases present in fired brick were quartz, albite, amphibole, hematite and muscovite, and glass phase encapsulated and cement the crystalline phases forming strong entirety which promoted the strength of bricks.

The Development of Composite Building Product and its Fire Technical Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Miroslava Netopilová ◽  
Jan Mikulenka ◽  
Anna Benešová
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Building Product ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

The article focuses on the research and development of a new composite material applicable in building industry, renewable raw material resources and industrial waste materials. The aim of the research is not only the application of concrete secondary raw materials but also the gaining of required safety aspects of these composite materials, i.e. certain fire technical characteristics.

Application of Dry Grass for Clay Brick Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Nonthaphong Phonphuak
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks

In this paper, effects of incorporation of dry grass on the properties of clay bricks were investigated. Clay bricks fabricated with 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 % (w/w) of dry grass were tested. The clay brick specimens were fired at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C to study for bulk density, apparent porosity water absorption and compressive strength of brick samples were investigated. Results revealed that the bulk density of clay bricks were reduced when dry grass dosages increased. Results also shown that the increasing in bulk density were obtained when the firing temperature increased. The compressive strength of clay bricks was decreased when dry grass dosages increased. The addition of 2.5 % (w/w) dry grass fired at 1100 °C showed the optimal condition which indicated 11.6 MPa of compressive strength and 1.78 g/cm3 of bulk density. However, results indicated that a decrease in water absorption and apparent porosity were found when the firing temperature increased. Test results also revealed that the addition of dry grass for clay brick production lead to utilize a potential material as the additive to raw clay-bricks in the manufacturing of lightweight clay bricks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Kalalani vermiculite for production of high strength porcelain insulators

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Ngayakamo ◽  
Eugene Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Porcelain Insulators

The present work has evaluated Kalalani vermiculite as a potential raw material for the production of high strength porcelain insulators. Three porcelain compositions were prepared to contain 0, 20 and 30 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite. Porcelain samples were fabricated using a semi-drying method. The chemical, mineralogical phases and microstructural characterization of the raw materials were carried out using XRF, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. Water absorption, bulk density, dielectric and bending strengths were performed on porcelain samples fired up to 1300?C. However, at the sintering temperature of 1250?C, the porcelain sample with 20 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite gave the dielectric strength of 61.3 kV/mm, bending strength of 30.54 MPa, bulk density of 2.21 g/cm3 and low water absorption value of 0.21 % which is the prerequisite properties for high strength porcelain insulators. It was therefore concluded that Kalalani vermiculite has the potential to be used for the production of high strength porcelain insulators

Phases Transformation of Boron Mud during Carbothermal Reduction Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
Xiao Chao Li ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Yang Gai Liu ◽  
Ming Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Graphite Content ◽  
Compound Powder ◽  
Boron Mud

By using the industrial waste boron mud as raw material, graphite as reductant, coke particles as burying materials. During carbothermal reduction process, the Mg-Fe forsterite phase in boron mud row materials can transformed into forsterite and Fe2O3 at 1550°C and 1600°C for 3 h, and the Fe3C can be generated from the partial reduction of Fe2O3 with graphite, The main phase in samples calcined under 1650°C for 3 h contained forsterite, Fe2O3, Fe3C and β-SiC. The compound powder of Mg2SiO4 and β-SiC was prepared through the carbothermal reduction process. The effects of different graphite proportion (theoretical proportion, exceeding 10%, 50% and 100%) and firing temperature (1550°C, 1600°C and 1650°C) on the phase transformation and microstructure of the products were investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that β-SiC powders were obtained at 1650°C for 3 h when graphite content was theoretical.

Ceramic Brick with High Water Retentivity Prepared from Ceramic Waste and by Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 2235-2239
Author(s):  
Toyohiko Sugiyama ◽  
Hajime Nagae ◽  
Kazuo Suzuki ◽  
Kenichi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
High Water ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

Many kinds of industrial waste were examined as potential constituents of ceramic bricks or tiles. The basic physical properties of these materials were measured, such as sintering temperature, water absorption, porosity, density, color, chemical stability and bending strength. Several kinds of sintered ceramics containing large amounts of waste materials were obtained by adjusting the amount of the waste materials added to the ceramics. These were fired at temperatures lower than 1000°C. A lowering of firing temperature results in a reduction of discharge of CO2 on the production process. Ceramic brick with high water retention is expected to mitigate the heatisland phenomenon by the latent heat of evaporation. Porous ceramics were prepared using industrial waste, burned ash and recycled roofing tile as raw materials. The permeability, water retentivity, water absorption, and other properties of the porous recycled ceramics were investigated. The pF value of the ceramics was measured as an indicator of water retentivity. An appropriate method of characterizing water retentive ceramic materials was also discussed based on results of fundamental examination of the ceramics under practical conditions.

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