Effect of Moisture Content in Sludge on Thermal-Chemistry Disposal

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1919-1922
Author(s):  
Yu Qin Ma ◽  
Xiao Xu Fan ◽  
Yan Feng Liu ◽  
Li Guo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Thermal Chemistry ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Gasification Efficiency

Sludges resulting from wastewater treatment processes have a characteristically high water content, which complicates thermal-chemistry disposal. In this paper, taking domestic sewage sludge as the object, on the base of analysis on the material characteristics, the material and energy equilibrium calculation was carried out to study the effect of moisture content in sludge on thermal-chemistry disposal. The results showed that as the moisture content increased, incinerator temperature would reduce and the quality of the gasification gas would decrease with lower calorific value. When the moisture content in sludge increased, the amount of air required for gasification increased, wet gas production rate raised and dry gas production rate decreased, gasification efficiency and thermal efficiency were lower. For the sludge studied, it was required to control the moisture content in sludge to 55% or less if the incinerator temperature of 800 °C and above was wanted; if gasification gas calorific value was required to reach 2MJ/m3 and above, the moisture content in sludge must be controlled at 25% or less.

scholarly journals Elementary analysis and energetic potential of the municipal sewage sludges from the Gdańsk and Kościerzyna WWTPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Ostojski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Elementary Analysis

This paper aims to present municipal sewage sludge (MSS) elementary analysis and energetic potential based on measurement of heat of combustion (higher heating value HHV) and calculation of calorific values (lower heating value LHV). The analysis takes into the consideration water content in sewage sludge, at different utilization stages, in wastewater treatment plants in Gdańsk Wschód and Kościerzyna – Pomeranian Voivodeship. The study yielded the following results (in % dry matter): ash 19÷31 %, C - 31÷36 %, H - 5÷6 %, N - 4÷6 %, O - 28÷32 %, S – 1 %. Calorific value of stabilized sludges in Gdańsk was on average 13.8÷15 MJ/kg. In case of sludges not undergoing digestion from Kościerzyna WWTP, the calorific value was at the level of 17.5 MJ/kg. Thus, sewage sludges are good energy carriers. High water content though is the problem, as it lowers the useful effect of heat. There is no alternative for thermal sewage sludge neutralization, which is in conformity with valid Polish National Waste Management Plan (KPGO 2022).

scholarly journals ANGKA KAPANG DAN KHAMIR PADA LADA PUTIH ASAL BANGKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Oktavio Rosani ◽  
Devy Susanty ◽  
Ary Triyanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
The Relationship

Numbers of Mold and Yeast on White Pepper from BangkaWhite pepper is one of Indonesia's spices that are needed for both public consumption and exports. Post-harvest processing of white pepper by farmers is often done with unclean. Each source of white pepper has different water content and will affect the quality of white pepper. In this study, seven samples (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7) were from Bangka. All samples tested had higher water content than SNI quality standard (13%), but still below the quality standard 2 (18%). Sample S2 has the highest water content compared to other samples. Sample S1 and S2 have high Numbers of Mold and Yeast (AKK) and do not suitable with quality standart of BPOM. Of all samples, S2  had the highest AKK (5,51 x 104 colony / g) and sample S5 had the smallest AKK (8,8 x 102 colony / g). This shows the relationship between water content in white pepper with AKK. White pepper that has a high water content has a high AKK, whereas white pepper that has low moisture content has low AKK.Keywords: white pepper, Numbers of Mold and Yeast, moisture contentABSTRAKLada putih adalah salah satu rempah Indonesia  yang  banyak dibutuhkan baik untuk konsumsi masyarakat ataupun ekspor. Proses pengolahan pasca panen lada putih oleh petani sering dilakukan dengan tidak bersih. Setiap sumber lada putih memiliki kadar air yang berbeda dan akan mempengaruhi kualitas lada putih. Pada penelitian ini,tujuh sampel (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7)  berasal dari Bangka. Semua sampel yang di uji memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dari standar mutu 1 SNI (13%), namun masih berada di bawah standar mutu 2 (18 %). Sampel S2 memiliki kadar air yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel lainnya. Sampel S1 dan S2 memiliki  (Angka Kapang Khamir) AKK yang tinggi dan tidak memenuhi syarat mutu. BPOM. Dari semua sampel, sampel S2 memiliki AKK paling tinggi (5,51 x 104 koloni/g) dan sampel S5 memiliki AKK paling kecil (8,8 x 102 koloni/g). Hal ini menunjukan hubungan antara kadar air pada lada putih dengan AKK. Lada putih yang memiliki kadar air tinggi memiliki AKK yang juga tinggi, sedangkan lada putih yang memiliki kadar air rendah memiki AKK yang  rendah.Kata Kunci: Lada putih, Angka kapang khamir, Kadar Air

scholarly journals Mechanical Dewatering and Thermal Drying Characteristics of Pulp Mill Sludge Cake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Prawiranto ◽  
Syamsudin ◽  
Herri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Coal Powder ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Sludge Cake

Sludge cake is a type of solid waste in pulp and paper mills which may harm the environment if disposed without treatment. Its proximate analysis (adb) are: ash 26.74%; volatile matter 59.09%; fixed carbon 11.04%; moisture 3.13%, while its ultimate analysis (adb) are: C 33.46%; H 4.5%; N 1.14%; S 0.35%; O 33.81%. Having a calorific value of 3000 cal/g (adb), sludge cake may be used as renewable fuel. Unfortunately it has a high water content, so reduction of water content become a main concern in utilizing sludge cake. A combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying has been considered for water removal with a minimum energy consumption. Moreover, the application of pressurized mechanical dewatering may also play a role in formation of briquettes.Experiments on mechanical dewatering and thermal drying were carried out using 50 g sludge cake with initial water content 73%. With a pressure of 400 kg/cm2 for compression, water content at the end of mechanical dewatering was 57%. This dewatered slugde was subsequently treated using thermal drying to a moisture content of 15%. Calculated total energy for this combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying was about 1080 J/g. This value was lower than the energy consumption of 1520 J/g required for direct thermal drying from its moisture content of 73% down to 15%. Experiments on the use of coal powder as compression aid were also trial to improve sludge dewaterability and briquettes calorific value. Mechanical dewatering of slugde with addition of 20%-w/w coal powder resulting a briquette with moisture content of 38% at compression pressure of 400 kg/cm2. The drying curves of briquette did not affected with its size if its diameter was less than 0.5 cm. Briquette with 1 cm thickness took significantly more time to remove its water content.

scholarly journals Initial Moisture Content of Corncobs Plays an Important Role in Maintaining its Quality during Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Lince Mukkun ◽  
Herianus J.D. Lalel ◽  
Yuliana Tandirubak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Randomized Design

Maize is one of the important staple foods for people in Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Subsistent farmers store the maize for their own consumption until the next harvest season, for seed and feed.  However, high initial water content of the kernel due to improper drying prior storage initiate serious damage and losses during the maize storage.  High water content promotes the growth of fungi and insects, and increase respiration rate, resulting in rapid deterioration of maize. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial moisture content that might minimize damage and losses of maize in the farmers’ storage, and to study the effects of some plant materials that are used to smoke corns before storage. The experiment was initiated by sun-drying the harvested corncobs for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days (6 hours a day). This experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Dried corncobs were stored in the farmer’s storage for 4 months. The effects of maize kernels’ initial water content on the development of water content in kernels; the percentage of damaged kernels; and the species of pathogen and insects were investigated during storage with 2-week intervals.  The results demonstrated that drying the corncobs prior storage for 10 days, resulting in 12.96% of water content, significantly decreased the percentage of seed damage to 6.5%, as compared to without drying process which resulted  in 63%.  Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp were found to be the main pathogen during storage.  There are no insect pests found during the storage. 

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF SOLID BIOFUEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Juraj Beniak ◽  
Ľubomír Šooš
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Moisture Expansion ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Physical Changes

The moisture content of densified biomass is a limit parameter influencing the quality of the solid biofuel. It influences its calorific value, density, mechanical strength and dimensional stability as well as the production process of this biofuel. The paper deals with the experimental research of the effect of moisture content of densified material on the final quality of biofuel in the form of logs. Experiments based on the single-axis densification of spruce sawdust were realized by hydraulic piston press, where the densified logs were produced under room temperature. The effect of moisture content on the quality properties of the logs, including density, change of moisture, expansion and physical changes, were studied. The results show the necessary moisture ranges for producing good-quality logs. The experiments were evaluated and the moisture content of the tested material was optimized to achieve the optimum value for the best quality of the solid biofuel.

KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN RUMPUT LAUT (Sargassum sp.) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI DAN KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
La Ode Sarlin ◽  
Haslianti Haslianti ◽  
Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Keywords Antioxidants

ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the proximate content (moisture content, carbohydrate content), phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids) and antioxidants. This research used descriptive analysis. Proximate test results on Sargassum sp. P1 = 35.43% and P2 = 34.42% High water content is found in sample code P1, while carbohydrates P1 = 11.85. and P2 = 22.05. Phytochemical test of seaweed Sargassum sp. there are flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids but there are no alkaloids and steroids. Antioxidant activity of seaweed Sargassum sp. P1 has a value of IC50 = 153.37 while the value of IC50 is at P2 = 162.32. Keywords: Antioxidants, Phytochemicals Sargassum sp, and Proximate.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakterisasi kimia aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Sargassum sp. yang diperoleh dari Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi dan Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi.  Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil Uji proksimat pada rumput laut Sargassum sp. yaitu : P1 = 35,43% dan P2 = 34,42% Kadar air yang tinggi terdapat pada kode sampel P1, Sedangkan karbohidrat dengan kode sampel P1= 11,85. dan P2 = 22,05. Uji fitokimia rumput laut Sargassum sp. terdapat flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid namun tidak terdapat alkaloid dan steroid. Aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Sargassum sp. P1 memiliki nilai IC50 = 153,37, sedangkan nilai IC50 pada P2 = 162,32.Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Fitokimia Sargassum sp, dan Proksimat.

scholarly journals Novel Conditioner For Efficient Dewaterability And Modification of Oily Sludge With High Water Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biming Liu ◽  
Yue Teng ◽  
Wenbin Song ◽  
Haixia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Free Radical Reaction

Abstract The Oily sludge with high water content (OS) was dewatered, modified and converted into solid fuel by a novel chemical conditioner (OSO-101). The effect of OSO-101 dosage on the dewaterability of OS was studied, showing that OSO-101 dosage of 15% (wt.) could achieve the best dewaterability efficiency of OS (98.18%). Meanwhile, compared with some conventional conditioners, OSO-101 developed by our team was more effective in improving OS dewaterability efficiency. And OSO-101 may have free radical reaction, polar reaction and redox reaction with petroleum hydrocarbons in OS, thereby polymerizing and forming condensed solid structures. The calorific value change of OS after conditioning, heavy metal content and dioxins content of fly ash leached from incinerated product were measured for resource analysis and environmental assessment. Results showed that the resultant OS fuel blocks had extremely low content of heavy metals, dioxins and other toxic and hazardous substances leached from fly ash, thereby no secondary treatment and fully meeting environmental protection emission standards. Additionally, OSO-101 had certain economic rationality, and could effectively recover the calorific value contained in OS. This research is expected to provide new insights for efficient dewaterability and modification of OS, as well as subsequent resource utilization and harmless treatment, bringing potential environmental and economic benefits.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PATI KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT PADA GRANUL CTM

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Tekla Kalalo ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽  
Gayatri Citraningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Flow Time ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Water Density ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Binder Solution

ABSTRACTThe biggest component found in pineapple peel are water and starch. One of the excipient that usually used in granule is starch that can used as disintegrant, filler and binder. This study aims to formulate and evaluate granule preparations with Pineapple peel starch binder at concentration of 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. The Pineapple peel dried with oven and then mashed up with blender and precipitated in water until obtained starch. The Pineapple peel starch made as a binder in four formulations of granule based on different concentrate of Pineapple peel starch, they are F I 4%, F II 6%, F III 8% and F IV 10%. The Granules made by method of wet granulation by adding binder solution of pineapple peel starch to four formulations, and then dried and evaluated. The result evaluation of organoleptic gave the best result in formula III and IV, flow time of each formula has time a flow time that not too far different, 5.04-5.57 seconds, angle of repose in formula I-IV meet the requirements and formed the smallest angle in formula I 28°, real density of each formula about 1.09-1.82 g/ml and meet the requirements because they are bigger than water density, while the moisture content and loss on drying doesn’t meet the requirements because has high water content. The conclusion is Pineapple peel starch can’t be used as a binder in CTM granule. Keywords : Pineapple, Starch, Binder, Granules, Wet Granulation ABSTRAKKomponen terbesar yang terdapat dalam kulit Nanas ialah air dan pati. Salah satu bahan tambahan yang sering digunakan dalam pembuatan granul ialah pati yang dapat berfungsi sebagai bahan penghancur, bahan pengisi dan bahan pengikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi sediaan granul CTM dengan bahan pengikat pati kulit Nanas pada konsentrasi 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10%. Kulit nanas dikeringkan dengan oven kemudian dihaluskan dengan blender dan diendapkan dalam air sampai diperoleh butiran pati. Pati kulit Nanas dibuat sebagai bahan pengikat pada empat formulasi granul berdasarkan konsentrasi pati kulit Nanas yang berbeda yaitu F I 4%, F II 6%, F III 8% dan F IV 10%. Granul dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah yaitu dengan menambahkan larutan pengikat pati kulit Nanas pada empat formulasi, kemudian dikeringkan dan dievaluasi. Hasil evaluasi organoleptis memberikan hasil terbaik pada formula III dan IV, waktu alir dari tiap formula memiliki waktu yang tidak jauh berbeda yaitu 5,04-5,57 detik, sudut diam pada formula I-IV memenuhi persyaratan dan membentuk sudut terkecil pada formula I yaitu 28°, BJ sejati dari tiap formula berkisar dari 1,09-1,82 g/ml sehingga memenuhi persyaratan karena lebih besar dari BJ air, porositas dari formulasi I-IV memenuhi persyaratan yang memiliki range 46%-67,4%, sedangkan pada kandungan lembab dan kadar air tidak memenuhi persyaratan karena memiliki kandungan air yang terlalu tinggi. Kesimpulannya pati kulit Nanas tidak dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengikat pada granul CTM.Kata Kunci : Nanas, Pati, Bahan Pengikat, Granul, Granulasi Basah

scholarly journals Fuel Gas Production From Self-Sustaining Smouldering Combustion of Lignocellulosic Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hons K Wyn ◽  
Muxina Konarova ◽  
Greg Perkins ◽  
Luis Yermán
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Smouldering Combustion

Abstract Smouldering combustion has shown to be an effective application for soil remediation and as a waste treatment method for solids with high moisture content. The experimental set-up of smouldering combustion reactors is similar to autothermal fixed-bed gasification, updraft reactor configuration. In this study, smouldering experiments were conducted using lignocellulosic agricultural waste. The moisture content of lignocellulosic biomass was varied between 10 % to 50 %. Air flux was varied between 1.8 and 7.4 cm/s. Experiments were also conducted with varying oxygen concentration in the airflow (3.6 – 21 %), addition of sand (4 and 8 g/g) and other lignocellulosic material (wood pellets, and residual berry plant). Fuel gas with maximum H2, CO, CH4, CO2 concentrations of 7.7, 32.6, 2.3, and 57.4 % (N2 free) respectively were obtained with 10 % moisture content and 7.4 cm/s air flux. The smouldering yielded 1.24 Nm3/kgfeed_dry of gas with calorific value of 1.82 MJ/Nm3 (HHV).

scholarly journals LIQUID HOLDUP MANAGEMENT BY PREDICTING STEADY STATE TURNDOWN RATE IN WET GAS PIPELINE NETWORK

PETRO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Fajarwati Hartono ◽  
Muhammad Taufiq Fatthadin ◽  
Reno Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Liquid Holdup ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Multiphase Fluid

<p>Now days, one of the greatest challenges in gas development is transport the fluid especially multiphase fluid to long distances and multiphase pipeline to sell point. Yet, a challenge to transport multiphase fluid is how to operate the systemsin operating a long distance, large diameter, and multiphase pipeline.The operating system include how to manage high liquid holdup, mainly built during low production rate (turn down rate) periods especially during transient operations such as restart and ramp-up, so that liquid surge arriving onshore will not exceed the liquid handling capacity of the slug catcher. The objective of this research is to predict liquid trapped in pipeline network by analysis turn down rate in order to determine minimal gas production rate for stable operation. This research was carried out by two steps: Simulation Approach and Optimization Techniques. Simulation approach include define fluid composition and built pipeline network configuration while optimization technique include conduct scenario for turn down rate. The fluid composition from wellhead to manifold is wet gas. First scenario and Second scenario of turndown rate yield minimum gas rate for stable operation. The pipeline has to be operated above 600 MMSCFD from peak gas production rate is 1200 MMSCFD (A-Manifold Mainline) and 60 MMSCFD from peak gas production rate is 150 MMSCFD for D-Manifold Mainline.</p>

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