Cellulose Extraction from Hardwood Waste of Resak (Vatica spp.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aimi Mohd Zainul Abidin ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Radiman Shahidan ◽  
Noriean Azraaie ◽  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cellulose is one of the most important natural polymers. The aims of this study are to extract and characterize the properties cellulose from local hardwood waste, Resak (Vatica spp.). There are two main stages in the extraction of cellulose at atmospheric pressure. The initial stage is delignification and second stage is bleaching process. At the second stage, the cellulose substance are bleached in two different bleaching medium; a) sodium hydroxide (NaOH), b) acidified hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Then, the cellulose properties of treated and untreated hardwood waste of Resak (Vatica spp.) were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).

Effect of Chemical Treatment on Crystalline Cellulose: Changes in Crystallinity and Functional Groups of Cellulose

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Noriean Azraaie ◽  
Nurul Aimi Mohd Zainul Abidin ◽  
Nur Ain Ibrahim ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Cellulosic Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Initial Stage

Cellulosic material derived from Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was extracted at atmospheric pressure. In the initial stage the sample was delignified using peroxyacetic acid to remove the amorphous. In the second stage the samples were double bleached using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). From the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data it is evident that both acid and alkali bleached celluloses have rich cellulose I structure. The results are supported by FTIR study in which all samples shown typical spectra of cellulose.

Effect on Variation of KMnO4 Amount for Production of Graphene Oxide (GO)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Md Said Hidayah ◽  
Wei Wen Liu ◽  
Wei Lai Chin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Uda Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mass production of GO has always been an issue. Generally, there are 3 general methods available, namely Brodie’s, Staudenmaier’s and Hummer’s Method. These three methods differ in the type of oxidation agents used. There are plenty of developed methods to produce GO were reported in the literature including the improved Hummer’s method. This method is associated with the use of mixture of sulphuric acid/phosphoric acid (H2SO4/H3PO4) in 9:1 ratio without the presence of sodium nitrate (NaNO3).The amount of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was set at 9.0g. This method allows high yield and ease of control. In this reaction, one of the important indicators was the colour changes during the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the mixture. However, with the large amount of KMnO4 added, the colour change was hardly observed. Therefore, one possible way to cope with that was to vary the amount of added KMnO4. Subsequently, the produced GO were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

PENGGUNAAN TiO2 PARTIKEL NANO HASIL SINTESIS BERBASIS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA SOL-GEL PADA BAHAN KAPAS SEBAGAI APLIKASI UNTUK TEKSTIL ANTI UV

Arena Tekstil ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Komalasari ◽  
Bambang Sunendar
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Partikel nano TiO2 berbasis air dengan pH basa telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan diimobilisasi pada kain kapas dengan menggunakan kitosan sebagai zat pengikat silang. Sintesis dilakukan  dengan prekursor TiCl4 pada konsentrasi 0,3 M, 0,5 M dan 1 M, dan menggunakan templat kanji dengan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Partikel nano TiO2 diaplikasikan ke kain kapas dengan metoda pad-dry-cure dan menggunakan kitosan sebagai crosslinking agent. Berdasarkan hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),diketahui bahwa morfologi partikel TiO2 berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran nano (kurang dari 100 nm). Karakterisasi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya tiga tipe struktur kristal utama, yaitu (100), (101) dan (102) dengan fasa kristal yang terbentuk adalah anatase dan rutile. Pada karakterisasi menggunakan SEM terhadap serbuk dari TiO2 yang telah diaplikasikan ke permukaan kain kapas, terlihat adanya imobilisasi partikel nano TiO2 melalui ikatan hidrogen silang dengan kitosan pada kain kapas. Hasil analisa tersebut kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) yang hasilnya memperlihatkan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3495 cm-1, 2546 cm-1, dan 511 cm-1,  yang masing-masing diasumsikan sebagai adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi O-H, N-H dan Ti-O-Ti. Hasil SEM menunjukkan pula bahwa kristal nano yang terbentuk diantaranya adalah fasa rutile , yang berdasarkan literatur terbukti dapatberfungsi sebagai anti UV.

Effect of the Neodymium Content on Mechanical Properties of the Electro-Brush Plated Nano-Al2O3/Ni Composite Coating

2012 ◽  
Vol 525-526 ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Guo Jin ◽  
Xiu Fang Cui ◽  
Er Bao Liu ◽  
Qing Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Cracks ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of the neodymium content on mechanical properties of the electro-brush plated nanoAl2O3/Ni composite coating was investigated in this paper. The microstructure and phase structure were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness and abrasion properties of several coatings with different neodymium content were studied by nanoindentation test and friction / wear experiment. Results show that the coatings are much finer and more compact when the neodymium was added, and the hardness and abrasion property of the coatings with neodymium were improved obviously. Besides, the small cracks conduced by the upgrowth stress in the coatings were ameliorated when the rare earth neodymium was added. The improvement mechanism was further discussed.

Effect of Briquetting Pressure on the Performance of In Situ Formed Sialon in Al2O3-C Refractory Bricks

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai Peng ◽  
Cheng Ji Deng ◽  
Hong Xi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Z Value ◽  
Refractory Bricks ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the effects of briquetting pressure on the performance of in-situ formed Sialon in Al2O3-C refractory bricks are investigated. The phase compositions and microstructure of the Al2O3-C refractory were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show the briquetting pressure hardly has effect on the phase of the sintered specimens, two new phases of Sialon with a Z value of 2 and SiC formed. The micrographs of Sialon crystals have the shape of both column and tabular column, but with a cone tip in the specimens sintered at 200MPa and 300MPa and smooth tip in specimens sintered at 400MPa and 500MPa.

Solvothermal Synthesis of Bi2Se3 Hexagonal Nanosheet Crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1712-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Liu ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Jia Jia Zhang ◽  
Wei Dong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) hexagonal nanosheet crystals with uniform size were successfully prepared via a solvothermal method at 160°C for 22 h using bismuth trichloride(BiCl3) and selenium powder(Se) as raw materials, sodium bisulfite(NaHSO3) as a reducing agent, diethylene glycol(DEG) as solvent, and ammonia as pH regulator. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the obtained products. Results show that the as-synthesized samples are pure Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals. A possible growth mechanism for Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals is also discussed based on the experiment.

Effect of P2O5 on the Properties of Alite-Calcium Strontium Sulphoaluminate Cement

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
Chao Nan Yin ◽  
Ling Chao Lu ◽  
Shou De Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulphoaluminate Cement ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Acceleration Period ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of P2O5on the properties of alite-calcium strontium sulphoaluminate cement was researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and petrographic analysis. The results show that the optimal content of P2O5is 0.3% and the compressive strength of the cement at 1, 3, 28d are 27.0, 59.1, 110.9MPa when the calcining temperature is 1350°C. P2O5mainly exists in the belite and a suitable amount of P2O5can promote the formation of C1.5Sr2.5A3and alite. When the content of P2O5is higher than 0.3%, the formation of C1.5Sr2.5A3and alite can be hindered. P2O5can enhance the hydration heat evolution rate in the acceleration period and the hydrate heat of cement containing P2O5increases slightly.

OMCVD of thin films from metal diketonates and triphenylbismuth

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Berry ◽  
R. T. Holm ◽  
M. Fatemi ◽  
D. K. Gaskill
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Strontium Barium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Films containing the metals copper, yttrium, calcium, strontium, barium, and bismuth were grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD). Depositions were carried out at atmospheric pressure in an oxygen-rich environment using metal beta-diketonates and triphenylbismuth. The films were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy, Nomarski and scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results show that films containing yttrium consisted of Y2O3 with a small amount of carbidic carbon, those with copper and bismuth were mixtures of oxides with no detectable carbon, and those with calcium, strontium, and barium contained carbonates. Use of a partially fluorinated barium beta-diketonate gave films of BaF2 with small amounts of BaCO3.

Effect of Nickel on Titanium Carbide Synthesized via Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Sharifah Aishah Syed Salim ◽  
Julie Juliewatty Mohamed ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Elemental Powder Mixture ◽  
Scanning Electron

Numerous methods have been used to produce high purity TiC. There is no previous study has been reported on the formation using single elemental powders of Titanium (Ti) and Carbon (C) with addition Nickel (Ni) by tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld method. In this work, TiC was synthesized via TIG method by arc melting elemental powder mixture of Ti and C at ~5 second (s) and 80 ampere (A). The effect Ni contents on TiC formation was investigated. The mixed raw material was ball milled for 24 hours followed by synthesis via TIG method. The arced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was revealed, that small amount of Ni additive to the metal powder allows the production of dense and tough TiC.

scholarly journals Supplementary X-ray studies of the Ni-Sn-Bi system

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Vassilev ◽  
K.I. Lilova ◽  
J.C. Gachon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Approximate Formula ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phase equilibria were studied in the system Ni-Sn-Bi. Special attention has been paid to the identification of the recently found ternary phase. For this purpose samples were synthesized using intimately mixed powders. After annealing and quenching, all alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and by X-ray diffraction. The results give evidences about the existence of a ternary compound with approximate formula Ni6Sn2Bi to Ni7Sn2Bi. Overlapping of some neighboring diffraction peaks of this phase with NiBi and Ni3Sn_LT is the reason for the difficulties related to the X-ray diffraction identification of the ternary phase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document