Measurement of Hypozincaemia in Mice: A Sensitive Test for Detection of Pyrogens

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Boobis ◽  
Rose E. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

1. The effect of bacterial pyrogens on plasma zinc concentration in mice was studied as a method of bioassay for these substances. 2. A dose-related depression of plasma zinc concentrations was observed 4 h after intravenous injection of doses of 0.05-500 ng of purified endotoxins of Salmonella abortus equi, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. Responses were dose-dependent and reproducible for each endotoxin in five strains of mice. 3. Tolerance to endotoxin could be induced in mice by injection of doses of 500 ng but was not seen with doses of <5 ng, even after repeated treatment. 4. Dinitrophenol, a metabolic inhibitor, and amphetamine, a metabolic enhancer, did not affect plasma zinc levels, indicating that changes in basal metabolic rate do not affect the outcome of this assay. The effects of pyrogenic materials other than endotoxin on plasma zinc levels were also tested and the results suggest that measurement of hypozincaemia in mice provides the basis for a simple, practical and inexpensive test for endotoxins and other pyrogens.

Zinc Deficiency and Edema

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
MICHAEL H. N. GOLDEN ◽  
BARBARA E. GOLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Plasma Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

To the Editor.— Kumar and Anday1 describe three premature infants presenting with edema and hypoproteinemia—the classical signs of kwashiorkor—between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Such cases are not uncommon in developing countries. Kumar and Anday's patients had low plasma zinc concentrations (43, 37, and 42 µg/dL). On this basis the authors claim that edema and hypoproteinemia is a clinical presentation of zinc deficiency not previously reported. We reported2 a clear association between "nutritional" edema and a low plasma zinc concentration in 1979; our subsequent experience has confirmed that edema of this type is always associated with a low plasma zinc concentration, as indeed Kumar and Andays' cases demonstrate.

Zinc dyshomeostasis in azoxymethane induced colonic precancerous and cancerous lesions in Fisher rats

Metallomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Velagapudi ◽  
J Naveena Lavanya Latha ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
Keyword(s):  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels

Abstract Zinc is an essential micronutrient involved in various biological processes, including growth, maintenance, proliferation and immune functions. It is also argued that tumors need zinc for maintenance and proliferation, although excess zinc may induce tumor cell apoptosis. Thus, the role of zinc merits attention in the carcinogenic process. Scanty literature is available on the mechanisms underlying the alterations in tissue zinc in colon cancer and how the altered zinc levels contribute to the preneoplastic lesions and progression to cancer. Zinc homeostasis is regulated by the gastrointestinal tract and involves interplay of host, dietary, environmental and social factors such as alcohol consumption. The DNA alkylation agent azoxymethane (AOM), which is primarily activated in the liver, induces a high incidence of initiation and promotion steps of precancerous lesions in the colon of rats. The altered expression of hepatic zinc transporters by AOM may lead to zinc dyshomeostasis in liver. Earlier reports showed that ZIP14 was located on the inner lane of plasma membrane of hepatocytes, and increased level of ZIP14 could sequester zinc from plasma into liver under infection or in response to cancer. Decreased serum zinc concentration, despite increased liver zinc also indicates altered liver zinc mobilization and failure to regulate zinc homeostasis. During the transformation from normal colonic mucosa to colonic epithelial hyperplasia and aberrant crypt formation, a reduction in zinc concentration is observed. It will be interesting to study further if the same trend continues throughout tumor progression towards adenocarcinomas. Lowered local zinc concentrations in the colon epithelium may not just reflect a bystander effect, but may induce cell proliferation and compromise DNA integrity due to impairment of zinc-containing proteins. In congruence with the tissue zinc concentrations, metallothionein levels were found to be less induced in AOM—administered colon compared to normal healthy colon, indicating less accumulation and sequestration of zinc. Lowered tissue zinc levels in small and large intestine were also associated with increased expression of mRNA and protein ZnT1, known to transport cytosolic zinc to extracellular space. In this regard, the mode of zinc responsiveness to ZnT1 mimics that of metallothionein, albeit at a lower level for ZnT1.

Oral contraceptives, norethindrone and mestranol: effects on tissue levels of minerals

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY Lei ◽  
AS Prasad ◽  
E Bowersox ◽  
D Oberleas
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels

The study involved three levels of dietary zinc (deficient, marginal, and adequate) and four hormonal conditions; namely, no steriods, norethindrone, mestranol, and norethindrone plus mestranol. The steroids were incorporated into diets and fed to 11-wk-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. After 10 wk of treatment, various tissues were excised for mineral assays by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. Both steroids, reduced weight gain. Mestranol depressed plasma zinc, tibia copper and magnesium, and liver iron, but elevated the zinc levels in liver and erythrocytes, plasma copper, liver magnesium and calcium, and iron content of tibia and heart. In general, the effect was most prominent with adequate zinc but diminished in magnitude with the reduction of zinc intake. In addition, norethindrone increased heart iron and tibia calcium. Mestranol appeared to be the main causative factor and may have induced a possible shift of minerals from one pool to another. As expected, zinc deficiency resulted in the reduction of zinc concentrations of plasma, tibia, kidney, and pancreas, and the elevation of copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium concentrations of various tissues.

Zinc status of grazing sheep: seasonal changes in zinc concentrations in plasma, wool and pasture

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Masters ◽  
M Somers
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
South West ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Zinc Levels

Zinc status of grazing sheep was surveyed for three years on six properties in the south-west of Western Australia. The concentration of zinc in the plasma of rams and ewes varied both among sheep and among properties, and was up to 21% lower in autumn than in spring. The zinc status of ewes, but not rams, remained low in winter, as reflected by both plasma and wool levels. Pasture zinc levels were lowest in autumn and highest in winter, and regular recordings below 20 �g g-1 were made. The low zinc status of sheep in autumn was accompanied by low pasture zinc content and a low pasture availability. However, the data suggest that the decrease in maternal zinc levels during winter are due to reproductive stress. Plasma zinc levels regularly fell below the presently suggested optimum, and seasonal variation in both plasma and wool zinc levels indicates that in autumn and possibly winter there is an inadequate uptake of zinc. This is indirect evidence for a widespread marginal deficiency of zinc in grazing sheep.

A Formula for Correcting Plasma Zinc Levels against Protein Concentration

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Sombolos Rudolf ◽  
Vogl Nickolas Dombros ◽  
Dimitrios Oreopoulos ◽  
Abraham Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zinc Levels

Plasma zinc and total protein concentrations were measured in 13 normal volunteers, before and after a five-minute occlusion of the antecubital vein with a sphygmomanometer cuff. The percentage increment before and after five minutes of venous occlusion was 10.2 ± 4.7% for total protein and 8.8 ± 6.0% for zinc concentration. Both these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). We propose an equation for correction of plasma zinc levels according to concentration of total proteins. Using this equation the corrected values of plasma zinc before and after 5 minutes of venous occlusion were similar, that is, 12.33 ± 1.94 and 12.20 ± 2.05 μmol/l. In addition we found that of seven hypoproteinemic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who had low plasma zinc levels compared to normal (uncorrected for protein concentration) controls, only two had “true” hypozincemia when their plasma zinc was corrected against protein using this formula and compared to normals (corrected for protein) controls. The paper discusses the clinical usefulness of this adjustment of measurements of plasma zinc concentration.

Investigation of the effect of supplementary zinc on growth rate of beef cattle on farms in N. Scotland

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Price ◽  
W. R. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

SummaryTrials were conducted on 21 farms to examine the influence of supplementary zinc on growth rate of 978 beef cattle maintained on winter rations typical of N.E. Scotland.The concentration of zinc in the normal farm rations ranged from 13·3 to 32·1 mg/kg D.M. and half of the animals on trial on each farm received supplements providing an additional 60 mg Zn/kg D.M. Before supplementation, the farm mean plasma zinc concentrations varied from 0·73 to l·10mg Zn/l; these levels were not elevated by zinc supplementation.The differences in mean daily weight gain between zinc-supplemented and control cattle on individual farms during 100–140 days on trial ranged from –0·14 to +0·22 kg/day and were not related to plasma zinc concentration before supplementation or to the zinc content of the basal rations. The mean daily weight gain of heifers receiving supplementary zinc was significantly greater (P< 0·02) than that of the controls by 0·05 kg/day during the first 60–80 days only. Bulls and steers showed no response to supplementary zinc.

scholarly journals Increased Hmgb1 Associated With Low Zinc and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Zinc Levels

Autistic children often have a high prevalence of immune-related pathologies, such as allergies and autoimmune diseases, and there is compelling evidence that immune dysfunction is related to the etiology of autism. High-mobility group box proteins (HMGB1) constitute a family of non-histone and ubiquitous molecules with a pro-inflammatory function. In this study, we measured HMGB1 levels in autistic individuals and compared these levels to plasma zinc concentration. We found that in individuals with autism increased levels of HMGB1 was associated with low zinc levels, as well as increased selected symptom severity. These results suggest that there is a relationship between Zinc and HMGB1levels in autistic individuals, and that low zinc levels may be exasperating inflammation in these patients.

Evaluation of Metal Contents in Correlation with Phytosanitary Treatments at Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Oana Mihai ◽  
Octav Pantea ◽  
Daniela Roxana Popovici ◽  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Short Time

The present work aims with the evaluation of copper, manganese and zinc concentrations (mobile forms) from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatment with Curzate Manox and Dithane M-45 compounds, during and after remanence period. Different vineyard soils types were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method was used for measurements of the micronutrients. The soil samples were analyzed after 5 and 21 days after treatment application. Since copper is mainly accumulates in the upper layer following fungicidal sprays application, high levels of copper concentrations are obtained. The soil samples exhibits different behavior in terms of manganese and zinc contents. Manganese and zinc levels are classified as medium in the beginning of the experiment (Mn-M0 and Zn-M0), whereas these levels increased in the soil samples (at moments M1- 5 days and M2- 21 days after treatment). This behavior can be due to the Mancozeb decomposition, knowing that Mancozeb decomposes in the pH range 5-9 and it remains short time into the soil.

scholarly journals Associations Between Intestinal Mucosal Function and Changes in Plasma Zinc Concentration Following Zinc Supplementation

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ryan Wessells ◽  
Sonja Y. Hess ◽  
Noel Rouamba ◽  
Zinewendé P. Ouédraogo ◽  
Mark Kellogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Plasma Zinc Concentration
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