Improved Oil Recovery by High Magnetic Flux Density Subjected to Iron Oxide Nanofluids

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorhana Yahya ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Afza Shafie ◽  
Hasan Soleimani ◽  
Hasnah Mohd Zaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Em Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Oil recovery in offshore environments can be increased by using nanofluids with electromagnetic waves generated from an antenna in the oil reservoir. In the case of offshore environments, these constraints can be avoided if a horizontal antenna is towed close to the seabed, which maximises the electromagnetic energy transferred from the overburden to the reservoir and nanofluids in the reservoir. In this research, a new enhanced antenna is used with iron oxide (Fe2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofluids for oil recovery applications at the laboratory scale. In the antenna study, it was observed that the curve antenna with magnetic feeders gave a 1978% increase in the magnetic field signal strength compared to the case without magnetic feeders. The curve antenna with magnetic feeders produced a 473% increase in the electric field signal strength compared to the case without magnetic feeders. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method. The iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle sizes were in the range of 30.27-37.60 nm. FESEM and HRTEM images show that the samples have good crystallinity and that the grain size increased as temperature increased. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) samples sintered at 500°C showed a high initial permeability and Q-factor and a low loss factor compared to samples sintered at 500°C. The sample had a very high initial permeability and a low loss at low frequencies; therefore, it was suitable for the preparation of the nanofluid and oil recovery applications. Oil recovery through the usage of 0.1 % (w/w) iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanofluid with an EM field generated from the curve antenna with magnetic feeders was 33.45% of OOIP (original oil in place). In a similar case where 0.1 % (w/w) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofluid with an EM field was used, 22.46 % of OOIP was recovered. These results imply that injecting 0.1% w/w iron oxide nanofluid coupled to the curve antenna with magnetic feeders has potential for oil recovery for improved water flooding systems because the high magnetic flux density that acts on the nanoparticles is proportional to the magnetic field strength.

scholarly journals Design of a New 1D Halbach Magnet Array with Good Sinusoidal Magnetic Field by Analyzing the Curved Surface

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2522
Author(s):  
Guangdou Liu ◽  
Shiqin Hou ◽  
Xingping Xu ◽  
Wensheng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Sinusoidal Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In the linear and planar motors, the 1D Halbach magnet array is extensively used. The sinusoidal property of the magnetic field deteriorates by analyzing the magnetic field at a small air gap. Therefore, a new 1D Halbach magnet array is proposed, in which the permanent magnet with a curved surface is applied. Based on the superposition of principle and Fourier series, the magnetic flux density distribution is derived. The optimized curved surface is obtained and fitted by a polynomial. The sinusoidal magnetic field is verified by comparing it with the magnetic flux density of the finite element model. Through the analysis of different dimensions of the permanent magnet array, the optimization result has good applicability. The force ripple can be significantly reduced by the new magnet array. The effect on the mass and air gap is investigated compared with a conventional magnet array with rectangular permanent magnets. In conclusion, the new magnet array design has the scalability to be extended to various sizes of motor and is especially suitable for small air gap applications.

scholarly journals Calculation of Transient Magnetic Field and Induced Voltage in Photovoltaic Bracket System during a Lightning Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4567
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Zhang ◽  
Yaowu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Lightning Stroke ◽  
Transient Magnetic Field ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Magnetic Field

An effective method is proposed in this paper for calculating the transient magnetic field and induced voltage in the photovoltaic bracket system under lightning stroke. Considering the need for the lightning current responses on various branches of the photovoltaic bracket system, a brief outline is given to the equivalent circuit model of the photovoltaic bracket system. The analytic formulas of the transient magnetic field are derived from the vector potential for the tilted, vertical and horizontal branches in the photovoltaic bracket system. With a time–space discretization scheme put forward for theses formulas, the magnetic field distribution in an assigned spatial domain is determined on the basis of the lightning current responses. The magnetic linkage passing through a conductor loop is evaluated by the surface integral of the magnetic flux density and the induced voltage is obtained from the time derivative of the magnetic linkage. In order to check the validity of the proposed method, an experiment is made on a reduced-scale photovoltaic bracket system. Then, the proposed method is applied to an actual photovoltaic bracket system. The calculations are performed for the magnetic field distributions and induced voltages under positive and negative lightning strokes.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF INGREDIENTS ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF RUBBER MIXTURES AND RUBBERS ON BASIS ОF 1,4-CIS-POLYISOPRENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Makarov ◽  
Elena L. Nikitina ◽  
Olga Yu. Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Mechanochemical Treatment ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The effect of the mechanochemical treatment of components of the sulphurous vulcanizing group on the properties of rubber mixtures and rubbers on the basis of 1,4-cis-polyisopren, filled with carbon black N330, was investigated. The mechanochemical activation of the components was carried out by processing them in a device that is a reactor with magnetic elements and a coil of inductivity. When connecting the inductor to the electrical grid, the working elements are exposed to the magnetic field and began to move intensiocly way with the transfer of energy to powdered particles. The treatment of both individual components: zinc oxide, accelerators, and all components of the sulfur vulcanizing group leads to an increase in the rate and degree of structuring of rubber in the main vulcanization period and a decrease in the tendency of rubber to reverse in the postvulcanization stage. In this case the values of elasticity modules increase and mechanical losses in vulcanizates reduce as the temperature increases. Most of these changes in the properties of mixtures and rubbers are expressed in the processing of individual accelerators and together all components of the vulcanizing group. Storage of activated ingredients for 30 days does not lead to significant changes in the structure and properties of rubber mixtures and vulcanizates.

Uticaj armirano betonskog stuba na raspodelu magnetskog polja mešovitog voda

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Teodora Gavrilov ◽  
◽  
Karolina Kasaš-Lažetić ◽  
Kristian Haška ◽  
Miroslav Prša
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Mixed Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In this paper, the analysis of magnetic field distribution of overhead mixed power line (20 kV/0.4 kV) supported by reinforced concrete towers, named MNL-12 is presented. The impact of ferromagnetic, conductive parts of the pylons (reinforcing bars, billets and cross arm beams) on magnetic field distribution is investigated. The numerical calculations were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics program package on simplified 2D model. The main goal of the calculations was to examine the impact of currents induced in ferromagnetic conductive parts on magnetic field produced by currents in the power system’s conductors. The calculation results are presented graphically, as the diagrams of the magnetic flux density magnitude distribution in the tower plan, normal to the system’s axe. The calculation results demonstrated that the magnetic field of induced currents decreases the magnetic field produced by the currents of overhead power system.

Investigation on the Improvement of Surface Quality by the Magnetic Plate-Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 1018 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Zou ◽  
Hui Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Magnetic Abrasive Finishing ◽  
Abrasive Finishing ◽  
Glass Lens ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The traditional magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process, the magnetic flux density at the bottom of the magnetic pole is unevenly distributed, resulting in poor uniformity of the finished surface. Therefore, it is proposed to improve the surface quality by attaching a magnetic plate at the bottom of the workpiece to improve the magnetic field distribution. It is confirmed by simulation that the magnetic field distribution at the bottom of the magnetic pole is effectively improved after the magnetic plate is attached. It is proved through experiments that the magnetic plate-assisted MAF process can obtain a smoother surface. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of the glass lens improves from 246 nm Ra to 3 nm Ra through the magnetic plate-assisted MAF process within 45min.

Platform Design for Characterizing Shear Force Produced by Magnetized Magnetorheological Fluid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Hsun Lee ◽  
Jen-Yuan (James) Chang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Finite Element Method Result ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract In this paper we proposed a platform for measuring shear force of magnetorheological (MR) fluid by which the relationship of yield stress and magnetic flux density of specific material can be determined. The device consisted of a rotatable center tube in a frame body and the magnetic field was provided by two blocks of permanent magnets placed oppositely outside the frame body. The magnitude and direction of the magnetic field were manipulated by changing the distance of the two permanent magnets from the frame body and rotating the center tube, respectively. For determining the magnetic field of the device, we adopted an effective method by fitting the FEM (finite element method) result to the measured one and then rebuilt the absent components to approximate the magnetic field, which was hardly to be measured simultaneously as different device setup were required. With the proposed platform and analytical methods, the drawing shear force and the corresponding yield stress contributed by MR fluid could be evaluated in respect to the magnitude and direction of given magnetic flux density with acceptable accuracy for specific designing purposes without a large, complex, and expensive instrument.

2-D Magnetic Field Analysis of Air Cylinder with MR Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 2706-2709
Author(s):  
Dan Jiang ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Kun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Piston Motion ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pneumatic Control ◽  
Magnetoresistive Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Field Analysis ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Magnetic Field

As a type of solid state switch, MR (magnetoresistive) sensor detects the air cylinder piston’s position in pneumatic control system. The construction and working principle of the air cylinder with MR sensor are introduced. Using 2-D magnetic field finite element analysis (FEA) method, the magnetic field distribution of air cylinder with piston motion is analyzed. Simulation results are given. The magnetic flux density characteristics are compared between piston wear or not.

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF ZnO NANOSTRUCTURES UNDER HIGH PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 3655-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHUN WANG ◽  
MINGYUAN ZHU ◽  
YING LI ◽  
HONGMING JIN ◽  
ZHENZHEN ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pulsed Magnetic Field ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Zno Particles ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) particles with different morphologies have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method under the magnetic field. It is found that the magnetic field influences the nucleation and growth of ZnO crystals. ZnO crystals obtained under high pulsed magnetic field were more uniform and well integrated.

Covariant Electrodynamics in Vacuum

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-748
Author(s):  
H. E. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Galilean Relativity ◽  
Ether Frame ◽  
Em Field ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract The generalized Galilei covariant Maxwell equations and their EM field transformations are applied to the vacuum electrodynamics of a charged particle moving with an arbitrary velocity v in an inertial frame with EM carrier (ether) of velocity w. In accordance with the Galilean relativity principle, all velocities have absolute meaning (relative to the ether frame with isotropic light propagation), and the relative velocity of two bodies is defined by the linear relation uG = v1 - v2. It is shown that the electric equipotential surfaces of a charged particle are compressed in the direction parallel to its relative velocity v - w (mechanism for physical length contraction of bodies). The magnetic field H(r, t) excited in the ether by a charge e moving uniformly with velocity v is related to its electric field E(r, t) by the equation H=ε0(v - w)xE/[ 1 +w • (t>- w)/c20], which shows that (i) a magnetic field is excited only if the charge moves relative to the ether, and (ii) the magnetic field is weak if v - w is not comparable to the velocity of light c0 . It is remarkable that a charged particle can excite EM shock waves in the ether if |i> - w\ > c0. This condition is realizable for anti-parallel charge and ether velocities if |v-w| > c0- | w|, i.e., even if |v| is subluminal. The possibility of this Cerenkov effect in the ether is discussed for terrestrial and galactic situations

A Mathematical Model of a Modified Voice Coil Energy Harvester

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Hekmati ◽  
Siamak Arzanpour
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper presents a mathematical modeling of a modified voice coil generator, which consists of a moving coil within a fixed magnetic circuit. The simulation has been done with Comsol Multiphysics software, which is a powerful tool to demonstrate the pattern of magnetic field and calculate the induced current in the coil. In our simulations, the magnetic circuit consists of the magnetic conductor and the air gap. In this analysis, the magnetic flux density and the magnetic field intensity are calculated. Moreover, through calculation of the total reluctance of the magnetic circuit and employing the ohm’s law for magnetic circuits, the effect of the length and cross section of the total circuit on the magnetic flux are investigated. Finally, a pattern for the magnetic flux density are demonstrated and the simulation result indicates that the magnetic field is well concentrated on the coil area, therefore this prototype can capture and convert most of the kinetic energy to electricity. A prototype has been fabricated and tested on the shaker. The experimental results indicate that this setup is able to produce the maximum voltage of 0.326 V and the peak power equal to 2.605 mW in 35 Hz frequency and 1 mm peak to peak amplitude.

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