Fabrication and Characterization of Mechanically Reinforced Collagen Sponge

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
Yosuke Hiraoka ◽  
Ueda Hiroki ◽  
Yu Kimura ◽  
Yasuhiko Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Collagen Solution ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Interconnected Pore

This study describes an investigation of collagen sponge mechanically reinforced through the incorporation of poly(glycolic acid)(PGA) fiber. A collagen solution with PGA fiber homogeneously dispersed was freeze-dried, followed by dehydrothermal cross-linking to obtain collagen sponges incorporating PGA fiber. A collagen sponge without PGA fiber was prepared similarly by using the collagen solution. By scanning electron observation, the collagen sponges exhibited isotropic and interconnected pore structures with an average pore size of 180 µm, irrespective of PGA fiber incorporation. As expected, PGA fiber incorporation enabled the collagen sponge to significantly enhance the compression strength. In vitro cell culture studies revealed that the number of L929 fibroblasts initially attached was significantly greater for the collagen sponge incorporating PGA fiber than for the collagen sponge. In vitro cell proliferation studies revealed that the proliferation of cell was higher for the collagen sponge incorporating PGA fiber, by day 21, than the collagen sponge without PGA fiber. It is possible that shrinkage suppression results in the superior cell attachment and proliferation of sponge incorporating PGA fiber. After subcutaneous implantation into the backs of mice, the residual volume of collagen sponge incorporating PGA fiber was significantly large compared with that of collagen sponge. We concluded that the incorporation of PGA fiber is a simple way to reinforce collagen sponge without impairing the biocompatibility.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
José V. Araújo ◽  
J.A. Lopes da Silva ◽  
Margarida M. Almeida ◽  
Maria Elisabete V. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Chitosan Matrix ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Interconnected Structure

Porous chitosan/brushite composite scaffolds were prepared by a freeze-drying technique, starting from brushite suspensions in chitosan solutions. The obtained scaffolds showed a regular macroporous and interconnected structure with brushite particles uniformly distributed in the chitosan matrix. The variation of the brushite concentration affected the microstructure of the final freeze-dried scaffold, in particular, its porosity and its average pore size. The yield strengths of the composite scaffolds could also be improved by the increase of the brushite content.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Bioactivity of Porous Bioglass Tablets for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Rohith Kumar R. ◽  
Sangeetha Ashok Kumar ◽  
K. Periyasami Bhuvana
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Hydroxy Apatite ◽  
Sbf Solution

The present study endeavors in the preparation and characterization of semi crystalline 45S5 bioglass (BG) (SiO2-CaO-P2O5) through sol gel process. Dry press mold technique was used in the preparation porous BG tablets to examine the bioactivity through invitro studies. The synthesized BG powder was subjected to structural, morphological and mechanical characterization and the bioactivity was examined in vitro by immersing the BG tablet in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution. XRD pattern and the SEM micrographs revealed the semi crystalline nature of BG with spherical morphology. The elemental analysis confirms the presence of vital constituents required for Bone regeneration (Calcium, Phosphorous, Silica, and Sodium). The surface characterization of BG tablet reveals the pores structure of average pore size of 240nm which contributed to the high surface activity resulting in formation of carbonated hydroxy apatite (HCAP) when immersed in SBF. The disintegration studies denoted the stabilization period was after 48 of immersion of BG tablets in SBF solution. The compressive strength measurement of the tablet also reveals the higher mechanical stability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pore Directionality of Collagen Scaffolds on Cell Differentiation and In Vivo Osteogenesis

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3187
Author(s):  
Miguelangel Moncayo-Donoso ◽  
Gustavo A. Rico-Llanos ◽  
Diego A. Garzón-Alvarado ◽  
José Becerra ◽  
Rick Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Native Bone

Although many bone substitutes have been designed and produced, the development of bone tissue engineering products that mimic the microstructural characteristics of native bone remains challenging. It has been shown that pore orientation within collagen scaffolds influences bone matrix formation by the endochondral route. In addition, that the unidirectional orientation of the scaffolds can limit the growth of blood vessels. However, a comparison between the amount of bone that can be formed in scaffolds with different pore orientations in addition to analyzing the effect of loading osteogenic and proangiogenic factors is still required. In this work we fabricated uni- and multidirectional collagen sponges and evaluated their microstructural, physicochemical, mechanical and biological characteristics. Although the porosity and average pore size of the uni- and multidirectional scaffolds was similar (94.5% vs. 97.1% and 260 µm vs. 269 µm, respectively) the unidirectional sponges had a higher tensile strength, Young’s modulus and capacity to uptake liquids than the multidirectional ones (0.271 MPa vs. 0.478 MPa, 9.623 MPa vs. 3.426 MPa and 8000% mass gain vs. 4000%, respectively). Culturing of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated that these scaffolds support cell growth and osteoblastic differentiation in the presence of BMP-2 in vitro, although the pore orientation somehow affected cell attachment and differentiation. The evaluation of the ability of the scaffolds to support bone growth when loaded with BMP-2 or BMP-2 + VEGF in an ectopic rat model showed that they both supported bone formation. Histological analysis and quantification of mineralized matrix revealed that the pore orientation of the collagen scaffolds influenced the osteogenic process.

Porous calcium aluminate ceramics for bone-graft applications

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 3042-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Kalita ◽  
S. Bose ◽  
A. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
H. L. Hosick
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Osteoblast Cell Line ◽  
Controlled Porosity

Calcium aluminate scaffolds with controlled porosity were processed for bone-graft applications. Indirect fused deposition process was used to fabricate these structures. Phase analyses were done using x-ray diffraction technique on powdered samples of calcium aluminates at different compositions. Hg porosimetry was used to determine the pore sizes and the pore volumes present in these controlled porosity structures at different calcium aluminate compositions. Cylindrical samples were tested under uniaxial compressive loading as a function of composition and volume fraction porosity (VFP). Samples of 29% and 44% VFP (designed) with average pore size of 300 μm showed compressive strength between 2 and 24 MPa. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation studies were conducted with a modified human osteoblast cell line (HOB). These materials showed good cell attachment and a steady cell growth behavior with HOB cells during the first three weeks of in vitro analyses.

Evaluation of 5% Na2O-Incorporated Calcium Metaphosphate as a Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Yoon ◽  
J.T. Kim ◽  
Eui Kyun Park ◽  
Shin Yoon Kim ◽  
Chang Kuk You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Ectopic Bone Formation ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Cellular Attachment ◽  
Ectopic Bone ◽  
Osteogenic Effect

As a part of the effort to develop a suitable scaffold for tissue-engineered bone regeneration, we modified calcium metaphosphate (CMP) ceramic with Na20 and evaluated its efficiency as a scaffold. We incorporate 5% Na20 into pure CMP and prepare for an average pore size of 250 or 450 µm average pore sizes. The incorporation of 5% Na2O caused reduced compressive strength and there was no change in biodegradability. The in vitro cellular attachment and proliferation rate, however, were slightly improved. The 5% Na2O-incorporated macroporous CMP ceramic-cell constructs treated with Emdogain induced ectopic bone formation more effectively than those without Emdogain treatment. These results suggest that the incorporation of 5% Na2O into pure CMP is not effective for improving the physical characteristics of pure CMP but it is positive for improving the cellular reaction and osteogenic effect with the addition of Emdogain.

scholarly journals Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogels Reinforced with TiO2 and β-TCP Fabricated by Microextrusion-based Printing for Tissue Regeneration

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Urruela-Barrios ◽  
Erick Ramírez-Cedillo ◽  
A. Díaz de León ◽  
Alejandro Alvarez ◽  
Wendy Ortega-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Viscous Deformation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have become an attractive manufacturing process to fabricate scaffolds in tissue engineering. Recent research has focused on the fabrication of alginate complex shaped structures that closely mimic biological organs or tissues. Alginates can be effectively manufactured into porous three-dimensional networks for tissue engineering applications. However, the structure, mechanical properties, and shape fidelity of 3D-printed alginate hydrogels used for preparing tissue-engineered scaffolds is difficult to control. In this work, the use of alginate/gelatin hydrogels reinforced with TiO2 and β-tricalcium phosphate was studied to tailor the mechanical properties of 3D-printed hydrogels. The hydrogels reinforced with TiO2 and β-TCP showed enhanced mechanical properties up to 20 MPa of elastic modulus. Furthermore, the pores of the crosslinked printed structures were measured with an average pore size of 200 μm. Additionally, it was found that as more layers of the design were printed, there was an increase of the line width of the bottom layers due to its viscous deformation. Shrinkage of the design when the hydrogel is crosslinked and freeze dried was also measured and found to be up to 27% from the printed design. Overall, the proposed approach enabled fabrication of 3D-printed alginate scaffolds with adequate physical properties for tissue engineering applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Porous Nanosized Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite as Bone Scaffold

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li Lu ◽  
Yu Hui Li ◽  
Yun Qing Wang ◽  
Yu Fan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Good Mechanical Property ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Composite Nature

Inorganic-organic composites could mimic the composite nature of real bone and combine the toughness of a polymer with the strength of an inorganic one to generate bioactive materials with improved mechanical properties and degradation profiles. In this paper, HAp/Col porous scaffold was prepared based on inorganic nano-sized hydoroxyapatite (nHAp) and organic collagen (Col) by solvent casting/particulate leaching. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were performed as the porogenic agent and binding agent, respectively. The physical, chemical and biodegradation property of this scaffold were investigated in vitro and its co-culture with cells was also studied. The results showed that the scaffold had good mechanical property with the average pore sizes about 150 μm and porosities as high as 75%. This nHAp/Col porous scaffold had no cytotoxicity to mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and the content of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was ascending with the extension of culture time. The results of mineralization indicated that HAp/Col scaffold could promote the proliferation, differentiation and biological mineralization of MC3T3-E1.

Small-angle neutron scattering characterization of processing/microstructure relationships in the sintering of crystalline and glassy ceramics

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2706-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Long ◽  
S. Krueger ◽  
R.A. Gerhardt ◽  
R.A. Page
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Sintering Mechanisms ◽  
Alpha Alumina

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements were used to examine the pore microstructure evolution of glassy silica and polycrystalline alpha-alumina as a function of sintering. It was shown that the two major sintering mechanisms, viscous flow and surface and volume diffusion, lead to very different microstructure evolution signatures in terms of the average pore size as a function of density. However, with respect to topology, the evolution of the porosity per unit surface area as a function of density is remarkably similar in the two systems.

Research of mechanical strength enhanced fibrin-PLGA hybrid scaffold with its effect on proliferation of rMSC

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zheng ◽  
Xiaojun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Hybrid Scaffold ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fibrin Scaffold ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Interconnected Pore ◽  
Interconnected Pore Structure

AbstractAs a tissue engineering biomaterial, fibrin possesses outstanding biodegradable and biocompatible features except for its weak mechanical strength which limits its ranges of further application. In this study, hybrid scaffold was obtained by mixed fibrinogen and thrombin solution homogeneously in the presence of various amounts (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg, respectively) of non-woven fabric of PLGA fiber through traditional freeze-dried method to improve the mechanical strength while keeping its biological characters. The observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that all the fibrin sponges have porous and interconnected pore structure, irrespective of the amount of PLGA fiber incorporated. In the measurement of the scaffold shrinkage, the percent of shrinkage of fibrin sponge incorporating PLGA fiber decreased when the amount of PLGA fiber incorporated increased compared with the fibrin sponge without PLGA fiber. The compression test suggested that compression modulus of PLGA fiber incorporated fibrin sponge significantly increased against the fibrin sponge without PLGA fiber; the incorporation of PLGA fiber enabled the mechanical strength of fibrin sponge to be effectively enhanced. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), which is of high potential to induce tissue regeneration, was selected to seed and culture in the fibrin scaffolds with or without PLGA fiber, and the number of rMSC was tested by DNA assay and calculated to examine which sponge was more favourable for rMSC to proliferate. The results reveal that the incorporation of PLGA fiber reinforced the fibrin scaffolds and maintained their intraspace. MSCs proliferated in fibrin scaffold with PLGA fiber was obviously on average more than that without PLGA fiber in vitro.

scholarly journals Engineering of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite-Magnetite Hierarchical Scaffolds for Guided Bone Growth

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pistone ◽  
Celesti ◽  
Piperopoulos ◽  
Ashok ◽  
Cembran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Chitosan Matrix

Bioabsorbable materials have received increasing attention as innovative systems for the development of osteoconductive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. In this paper, chitosan-based composites were synthesized adding hydroxyapatite and/or magnetite in a chitosan matrix by in situ precipitation technique. Composites were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro cell culture studies. Hydroxyapatite and magnetite were found to be homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan matrix and the composites showed superior biocompatibility and the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation; in particular, the chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite composite (CS/HA/MGN) demonstrated superior bioactivity with respect to pure chitosan (CS) and to the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffolds

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