Uniformity Analysis of the Passive Film for SS316 Stainless Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Shuo Jen Lee ◽  
J.J. Lai ◽  
Yu Ming Lee ◽  
Ming Der Ger ◽  
S.W. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Local Corrosion ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Potential Test

Passive film of stainless steels possesses good corrosion resistant property. However, the passive film formed in nature is not uniform and the quality is not consistent. It is the major causes for local corrosion. The pitting potential test is a traditional method to test local corrosion of stainless steels. The local corrosion is usually induced by the break-down of the passive film. Therefore, it can be utilized to evaluate the quality of the passive film. Also, because the pitting test is quick and inexpensive, many tests can be performed to evaluate the uniformity of the passive film. This study focuses on SS316 stainless steel. The specimens were treated with electropolishing processes. The original and the processed specimens were tested by pitting potential tests. From these results, the distribution and the uniformity of passive film could be evaluated. An efficient and inexpensive index of the uniformity of the passive film is proposed.

AISI No. 633

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract AISI No. 633 is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel whose properties can be changed by heat treatment. It bridges the gap between the austenitic and martensitic stainless steels; that is, it has some of the properties of each. Its uses include high-strength structural applications, corrosion-resistant springs and knife blades. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-389. Producer or source: Stainless steel mills.

Oxide Films on Stainless Steels★

CORROSION ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOR N. RHODIN
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Passive Films ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Film Composition ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Compositional Properties

Abstract Oxide films on stainless steels have been classified into three types according to film thickness, film structure, film composition, and influence of the film on resistance to corrosion. Compositional properties of oxide films isolated from surfaces of stainless steels were studied using specially developed microanalytical techniques. Properties of passive films on stainless steel were evaluated and the effects of alloy composition and surface treatment on other types of films on Types 304, 316, and 347 stainless steels were studied. The influence of corrosion in various media was correlated with film compositional properties. Composition of films after immersion in acids was found to be related to film composition prior to immersion. The effect of immersion depended on the nature and intensity of corrosion and was reflected most sensitively by the iron and silicon contents of the films. The conclusion was made that film properties indicate strongly the capacity of austenitic stainless alloys to develop corrosion-resistant surfaces in certain environments.

CONTROL OF CUTTING MODE PARAMETERS AND TOOL MATERIAL TO ENSURE THE VALUES OF ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS WHEN TURNING STEELS 09H17N7YU, 12H18N10T AND 13H15N5 AM-3

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
B. Ya. Mokritskii
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Surface Processing ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

When processing hard-to-process stainless steels, it is difficult to maintain a compromise between the quality of the treated surface, processing performance and the period of operation of the cutting tool to the permissible value of its wear. The more specialized the physical and mechanical characteristics and performance properties of such steel, the more difficult it is to reach a compromise. The paper shows the results of controlling the parameters of the cutting mode to ensure the required roughness parameters when turning highly corrosion-resistant stainless steels 09H17N7YU, 12H18N10T and 13H15N5 AM-3.

Analysis of Cutting Zone Machinability during the Drilling of XCr18Ni8 Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Jozef Jurko ◽  
Anton Panda ◽  
Marcel Behún
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Cutting Speeds

This paper presents the conclusions of machinability tests on a XCr18Ni8 stainless steel. The content of this article also focuses on the analysis of selected basic indicators of steel machinability: quality of the processed surface. The results of the article are conclusions for working theory and practice for drillng of austenitic stainless steels. Based on the cutting tests, cutting speeds of 40 to 60 m/min, feed rate of 0.04 to 1.2 mm and screw drill carbide monolite.

Electrochemical Properties of Passive Film Formed on Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in a Chloride Medium

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3230 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 884-890
Author(s):  
Renata B. Soares ◽  
Wagner R.C. Campos ◽  
Pedro L. Gastelois ◽  
Waldemar A.A. Macedo ◽  
Luís F.P. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pitting Potential

The electrochemical behavior and the electronic properties of passive films formed on a super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) used in oil and gas industries were investigated in aqueous 0.6 M and 2.1 M NaCl solutions with additions of sodium acetate and acetic acid (pH 4.5). Open-circuit potential transients, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were measured to characterize the passive film formed on SMSS. The electrochemical behavior of the steel in an aqueous solution of 0.6 M NaCl presented the highest pitting potential and the highest polarization resistance in relation to the NaCl/NaAc solution. The passive film of SMSS in an aqueous solution of NaCl presented a thickness of 18.40 nm, three times the thickness of the oxide film in NaCl/NaAc, and consisted of FeO, Cr2O3, MoO2, and spinels such as FeCr2O4 species that are a p-type semiconductor, but may also contain a small fraction of the Fe2O3 and MoO3 oxides. Additionally, it was shown that the passive layer after immersion in a saline solution also contains hydroxides such as FeOOH and Cr(OH)3.

Study on Corrosion Behavior of AISI316L and SAF2205 Stainless Steels in Acetic Acid Solution Containing Br-Ion

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liang ◽  
Jianming Gong ◽  
Shantung Tu ◽  
Yong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Corrosion Failure

Petrochemical equipments made of austenitic stainless steel are often used in the environment of acetic acid solution. Premature corrosion failure led by acetic acid solution containing Cl− or Br− occurs in service. In the present paper, corrosion behavior of AISI316L austenitic stainless steel and SAF2205 duplex stainless steel in acetic acid solution containing Br-ion was studied by measuring the corrosion weight loss and Potentiodynamic anodic polarization curve. Effects of temperature and Br− concentration on the corrosion behaviors of AISI316L and SAF2205 material were investigated. The research results show that the corrosion rate markedly increases and pitting potential rapidly decreases with increasing temperature and Br− ion concentration. The pitting resistance of SAF2205 stainless steels is superior to AISI316L. For sensitized AISI316L and SAF2205 stainless steels, the similar rules were founded with increasing Br− concentration; sensitizing treatment will lead to decrease in corrosion resistance. Pitting induced by Br ion preferentially occurred at austenitic boundaries for sensitized AISI316L stainless steels, whereas pitting preferentially occurred at austenitic boundaries, ferrite-austenite boundaries and ferrite boundaries for sensitized SAF2205 duplex stainless steels.

scholarly journals Electrochemical behavior of two austenitic stainless steel biomaterials

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico J. Giordano ◽  
Neusa Alonso-Falleiros ◽  
Itamar Ferreira ◽  
Oscar Balancin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Corrosion Pits

Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization measurements were conducted in 0.9% NaCl solution to investigate the localized corrosion susceptibility of two austenitic stainless steel biomaterials: a low nitrogen, according to ASTM F 138 - the metallic material most widely utilized today in orthopedic applications; and a nitrogen- and niobium-bearing stainless steel, according to ISO 5832-9, which has shown a promising potential as a substitute of the F 138 steel for more severe loading applications and longer times inside the human body. The polarization tests revealed that the ISO 5832-9 steel is more corrosion resistant than the F 138. The critical pitting potential of the ISO 5832-9 steel could not be observed in the cyclic polarization curve up to the value of potential corresponding to its transpassivity. The potentiostatic scratch test confirmed the superiority of the ISO 5832-9 steel, which heal the mechanically damaged passive film at applied potential as high as 800 mV (SCE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination confirmed the presence of corrosion pits - lacelike pits - in a stable growth stage on the surface of F 138 steel and the absence of such pits in the specimens of the ISO 5832-9 steel. The higher corrosion resistance of the latter is attributed to the increased stability of the passive film and the high tendency to repassivate, which, in turn, is favored by the presence of nitrogen in interstitial solid solution in the austenite of this type of steel.

A Comparative Study of Semiconducting Behavior of Passive Film of High Nitrogen and Ni and Mn Free Stainless Steels in 3.5 wt. % NaCl

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 626-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Arya ◽  
V.S. Raja ◽  
A.N. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Passive Film ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Donor Density ◽  
Passive Current ◽  
P Type ◽  
Stable Passive ◽  
Semiconducting Property

The semiconducting property of passive films formed on Alloy 1 (18Cr-2Mo-1N)], Alloy 2 (17.5Cr-3Mo-0.5N)] and Alloy 3 (Type 316 SS) were studied by using the Mott-Schottky (M-S) approach in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution of pH 2, 7 and 12. The M-S analysis shows that the film acts as n - type and p - type semiconductors across the potential range. The donor density of Alloy 1 has been found to be lower by about 31 %, 11 % and 6 % as compared to that of Alloy 2 at pH 2, 7 and 12 respectively. However; Alloy 3 has higher donor density 44 %, 27 % and 30 % in comparison with Alloy 1. The donor density of Alloy 3 found to be greater about 21 %, 18 % and 25 % to the Alloy 2 at pH 2, 7 and 12 respectively. These results indicate that the sensitivity of electrolyte composition and the presence of alloying elements like nitrogen and nickel on the donor density of passive film. High nitrogen stainless steels exhibited a lower donor density that corresponds to good protectiveness, more stable passive film which is in agreement with a low passive current density (ipass), higher pitting potential (Epit) and polarization resistance (Rp).

Corrosion Behaviors of Ultrapure Ferritic Stainless Steels in Simulated Urban Refuse Leachate

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 749-752
Author(s):  
Li Yan Qin ◽  
Guang Wei Fan ◽  
Fang Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Passive State ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steels ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Relaxation Curves

The corrosion behaviors of ultrapure ferritic stainless steels in simulated urban refuse leachate were investigated by means of different measurement methods including steady-state polarization curves, potentiostatic open-circuit relaxation curves and scanning electronic microscope. The results show that the ultrapure ferritic stainless steel 443, 444 and the austentic stainless steel 304 maintained good passive state after being immersed in the simulated leachate for 720h. The descending order of pitting resistance is 444>443>304. According to the passive film equivalent resistance Rp and the interface capacitance Cd obtained by fitting the potentiostatic open-circuit relaxation curves, the descending order of passive film stability is also 444>443>304.

Corrosion Resistance of Three 316 Stainless Steels

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1097-1101
Author(s):  
Jan Shu Lu ◽  
Qin Song Lu ◽  
Jin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
The Difference

316L stainless steel is a well known advanced material for its good corrosion resistance in many aggressive situations. As the quality of different manufacturer of the stainless steel may vary in some degree, this paper studied the corrosion resistances of three 316L stainless steels which supplied by three manufacturers. The results show that the difference of the corrosion rates of the three 316L stainless steels in 5% H2SO4 or 3.5%NaCl solutions is one time in quantity. The reasons for the difference can be explained by compositional and metallographic factors.

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