There is Low Cost Titanium Componentry Today

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Withers ◽  
V. Shapovalov ◽  
R. Storm ◽  
R.O. Loutfy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
One Step ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Better Than

In spite of titanium’s excellent combinations of lightweight, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance it has been excluded from many applications because of its high cost in fabricated componentry. The major cost to produce a titanium alloy component is the processing of the sponge into alloy plus the several processing steps for fabricating the final finished component. If low cost titanium is to become a reality, the cost of post sponge processing to final finished components must be dramatically reduced. Processing to convert sponge directly in one step to an alloyed near net shape low cost component has been demonstrated. The mechanical properties are equivalent to better than standard processed wrought titanium. Example, automotive components and other applications that confirm titanium componentry at substantially lower cost than standard processing will be provided.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Novel Low-Cost Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3798
Author(s):  
Meng Sun ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Yanhua Guo ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yuecheng Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
The Cost

In order to reduce the cost of titanium alloys, a novel low-cost Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe (Ti-35421) titanium alloy was developed. The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the new alloy was investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of Ti-35421 alloy consists of a lamina primary α phase and a β phase after the solution treatment at the α + β region. After aging treatment, the secondary α phase precipitates in the β matrix. The precipitation of the secondary α phase is closely related to heat treatment parameters—the volume fraction and size of the secondary α phase increase when increasing the solution temperature or aging time. At the same solution temperature and aging time, the secondary α phase became coarser, and the fraction decreased with increasing aging temperature. When Ti-35421 alloy was solution-treated at the α + β region for 1 h with aging surpassing 8 h, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction of the area were achieved in a range of 1172.7–1459.0 MPa, 1135.1–1355.5 MPa, 5.2–11.8%, and 7.5–32.5%, respectively. The novel low-cost Ti-35421 alloy maintains mechanical properties and reduces the cost of materials compared with Ti-3Al-5Mo-5V-4Cr-2Zr (Ti-B19) alloy.

Mechanical Properties of ABS Embedded with Basalt Fiber Fillers

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman M. M. Abdelhaleem ◽  
Mohammed Y. Abdellah ◽  
Hesham I. Fathi ◽  
Montasser Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Notched Strength ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Plastic Injection

AbstractAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) has great verity applications in aerospace and automobiles industries. Mechanical strength of the ABS is superior to even that of impact resistant polystyrene. In addition metallic coatings can be applied to the surface of ABS moldings. The main aim of the present work is to investigate the mechanical properties of additives of basalt fibers (BF) to ABS with (5, 10, and 15) wt% embedded into the polymer matrix by using plastic injection molding technique. This new perceptions has been done on basalt fibers that have a potential low cost with its good mechanical performance. The ultimate tensile strength that obtained from the composite with 15 wt% is 56.67 MPa with 40.52 % increase value than neat ABS, Young’s modulus gradually increases with increasing the amount of additives. Impact un-notched strength decreases with a reported increment of 24.617 KJ.m–2. A Rockwell hardness test is also used and with the increases of additives the amount of hardness of the composite increases. A scan electron microscopy (SEM) on the fracture surface is captured to check the morphologies structure of the composite comparable with a neat ABS. and it is showed a very good distribution and bonding of the B.F. with the pure ABS. As well as the cost of the ABS and BF is reduced by a percentage of 15 %.

scholarly journals In situ recombination junction between p-Si and TiO2enables high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. eaau9711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Shen ◽  
Stefan T. Omelchenko ◽  
Daniel A. Jacobs ◽  
Sisir Yalamanchili ◽  
Yimao Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Optical Losses ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Recombination Junction ◽  
Processing Steps

Increasing the power conversion efficiency of silicon (Si) photovoltaics is a key enabler for continued reductions in the cost of solar electricity. Here, we describe a two-terminal perovskite/Si tandem design that increases the Si cell’s output in the simplest possible manner: by placing a perovskite cell directly on top of the Si bottom cell. The advantageous omission of a conventional interlayer eliminates both optical losses and processing steps and is enabled by the low contact resistivity attainable between n-type TiO2and Si, established here using atomic layer deposition. We fabricated proof-of-concept perovskite/Si tandems on both homojunction and passivating contact heterojunction Si cells to demonstrate the broad applicability of the interlayer-free concept. Stabilized efficiencies of 22.9 and 24.1% were obtained for the homojunction and passivating contact heterojunction tandems, respectively, which could be readily improved by reducing optical losses elsewhere in the device. This work highlights the potential of emerging perovskite photovoltaics to enable low-cost, high-efficiency tandem devices through straightforward integration with commercially relevant Si solar cells.

Validation of a low-cost selective powder deposition process through the characterization of tin bronze specimens

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110319
Author(s):  
Samuel Magalhães ◽  
Manuel Sardinha ◽  
Carlos Vicente ◽  
Marco Leite ◽  
Relógio Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Tin Bronze ◽  
Powder Deposition ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Cost

Additive manufacturing technologies are becoming increasingly popular due to their advantages over traditional subtracting manufacturing technologies. Despite advances in this field, fixed and maintenance costs for additive manufacturing with metals remain high. The introduction of low-cost metal machines in the additive manufacturing market considerably reduces the cost of acquiring and maintaining this type of equipment. This work aims to establish the process requirements for a low-cost selective powder deposition process, and validate it through the production of specimens in the laboratory and evaluate their mechanical properties. Tin bronze specimens were produced under different manufacturing conditions, namely powder dimensions, type of crucible and coke, firing segments and casting strategy. The morphology and chemical composition of the specimens were carried out combining the scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy techniques, respectively. It was observed that crucibles and coke with impurities that react with the metal powders and infill in a reducing atmosphere have influence in the final quality of parts. Tested samples displayed high variability of results which can be correlated with different manufacturing conditions. The selection of the appropriate print parameters led to the manufacture of tin bronze specimens with mechanical properties comparable to those reported in the literature. Overall, low-cost selective powder deposition is a promising technology, if identified manufacturing issues are addressed.

Pathways to Optimize Performance/Cost Ratio of Powder Metallurgy Titanium – A Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 520 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zak Fang ◽  
Pei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Individual Unit ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sintered State ◽  
Ratio Reduction

Powder Metallurgy (PM) Titanium has great potentials as low-cost alternative for Ti manufacturing, but the use of conventional PM processes for producing Ti products is also limited due to reasons related to either that the properties are not as satisfactory as that of equivalent wrought materials, or the cost advantage is not as significant as it was expected. Therefore, the main challenge of developing PM Ti is to increase performance to cost ratio. Reduction of costs and improvement of final products must involve every step of the entire process. This article attempts to assemble a set of processes by selecting individual unit processes that when combined synergistically could offer the optimum performance to cost ratio. This set of processes include using low cost powders, using automatable near-net-shape compaction techniques, and using sintering using sintering technologies that can produce parts with very fine grain sizes, thus satisfactory mechanical properties, in as-sintered state.

The Production of Titanium Alloy Powder

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
J.C. Withers ◽  
V. Shapovalov ◽  
R. Storm ◽  
R.O. Loutfy
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
One Step ◽  
Gas Blowing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

Titanium alloy powder provides manufacturing variants to produce a variety of titanium intermediate materials and final products. However, titanium alloy powder is quite expensive at fifteen to thirty times the cost of sponge thus limiting the utilization of titanium powder to produce titanium products. The standard state-of-the-art processing to produce alloy powder results in very high cost of alloy powder. Three new processes have been demonstrated to produce titanium alloy powder at a cost of only 2-5 times the typical cost of sponge. The processes are (1) one step melting of sponge/alloying and gas blowing alloy powder, (2) metallothermic reduction of mixed chloride precursors to produce alloy powder and (3) electrolytic reduction in a fused salt of mixed alloying (TiCl4-AlCl3-VCl4) chlorides. These processes have beeSubscript textn demonstrated to produce low cost titanium alloy powder which can serve as feeds for the variant manufacturing processes to produce low cost titanium products.

Effect of Oxidation on the Mechanical Properties of Nextel™ 312/BN/Blackglas™ Composites

1994 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ranji Vaidyanathan ◽  
W. Roger Cannon ◽  
Stephen C. Danforth ◽  
Albert G. Tobin ◽  
John W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Preceramic Polymers ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Near Net Shape

ABSTRACTPreceramic polymers are attractive precursor materials for the production of low cost continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composites (CFCC) into near net shape components. Currently, CFCC components based upon a Blackglas™ matrix reinforced with Nextel™ 312 fibers with a BN rich surface layer are being investigated for gas turbine engine applications. The effects of oxidation on tensile and bend properties were investigated after exposure to flowing air at 600°C for 20–1000h. A significant reduction in the tensile properties accompanied by increases in fiber pull-out was observed after oxidation for 96 hours. After 500 hours oxidation, strength decreased by 50% relative to as-prepared composites. These results indicate that oxidation beyond 200 hours may be embrittling the composite.

scholarly journals On the Development of a Low Cost Pyrheliometer

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gnos ◽  
Brenton Greska ◽  
Anjaneyulu Krothapalli
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
State University ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

A low cost pyrheliometer, based on a thermoelectric sensor, was developed at the Energy and Sustainability Center at the Florida State University. In addition, an inexpensive double-axis tracking device, capable of autonomous operation, enables the pyrheliometer to operate as a stand-alone system. Widely available off-the-shelf components were used and compromises in accuracy and time responsiveness were made in order to keep the cost low. The obtained data was compared with an Eppley Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (NIP) using model ST-1 solar tracker. Steady state values of irradiance were measured with an accuracy better than ±2%. Transient measurements are time delayed by a thermal lag of about 2 min, which leads to a high error for instantaneous measured values. However, the integrated irradiance over the course of any given day yields irradiation values with accuracy better than ±2%, even on days when the sun and clouds quickly alternate. Based on a manufacturing cost analysis, the prototype pyrheliometer system is anticipated to cost an order of magnitude less than commercially available products if mass-produced.

scholarly journals Mechanism confirmation of organofunctional silanes modified sodium silicate/polyurethane composites for remarkably enhanced mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntao Liang ◽  
Ao Gao ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Fuchao Tian ◽  
Weili Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Step Method ◽  
One Step ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractHybrid reinforced sodium silicate/polyurethane (SS/PU) composites mainly derived from low-cost SS and polyisocyanate are produced by a one-step method based on the addition of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CTS). The wettability of SS on PU substrate surface is much improved as CTS content increases from 0.0 to 3.5 wt%. Furthermore, with 2.5 wt% of CTS optimal addition, the fracture surface morphology and elemental composition of the resulting SS/PU composites are characterized, as well as mechanical properties, chemical structure and thermal properties. The results indicate that the CTS forms multiple physical and chemical interactions with the SS/PU composites to induce an optimized organic–inorganic hybrid network structure thus achieving simultaneous improvement of compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and fracture toughness of the SS/PU composites, with the improvement of 12.9%, 6.6%, 17.5% and 9.7%, respectively. Moreover, a reasonable mechanism explanation for CTS modified SS/PU composites is confirmed. Additionally, the high interface areas of the organic–inorganic phase and the active crosslinking effect of the CTS are the main factors to determine the curing process of the SS/PU composites.

Supersolidus Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Water–Atomised M3/2 High–Speed Steel Powder Sintered Under Nitrogen–Based Atmosphere

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Asri Selamat ◽  
Mazlan Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Vacuum Atmosphere ◽  
Near Net Shape

Keupayaan untuk menghasilkan keluli laju–tinggi kepada bentuk hampir sebenar menggunakan relau tali–sawat berterusan menawarkan peluang untuk mempertingkatkan sifat–sifat serta mengurangkan kos pemprosesan bahan keluli ini. Sehingga kini, masalah yang timbul bagi mencapai matlamat tersebut adalah keperluan menggunakan suhu persinteran tinggi (1250–1350°C) di dalam atmosfera vakum. Satu kaedah persinteran yang murah terhadap serbuk keluli laju–tinggi pengabusan–air telah dibangunkan menerusi projek ini menggunakan mekanisme Persinteran Fasa Pepejalan–lampau Cecair (PFPC). Serbuk M3/2 keluli laju–tinggi ini boleh tersinter kepada ketumpatan penuh (>95% daripada ketumpatan teori) di dalam atmosfera berasaskan–nitrogen pada suhu persinteran 1150°C. Mikrostruktur dan sifat–sifat mekanik yang baik telah berjaya dihasilkan selepas proses rawatan haba yang sesuai dilakukan. Kata kunci: Pepejalan-lampau, serbuk pengabusan-air, atmosfera berasaskan-nitrogen The ability to produce near net shape high–speed steels using a continuous belt furnace offers the opportunity to improve the properties and reduce the processing cost of these materials. So far, the difficulty in making this advancement has been the requirement of high sintering temperatures (1250–1350°C) in vacuum atmosphere. A low cost–sintering route of water–atomised high–speed steel powder has been developed during this project using Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering (SLPS) mechanism. This water–atomised M3/2 high–speed steel powder can be sintered to full density (>95% of theoretical density) under nitrogen–based atmosphere at sintering temperature of 1150°C. Acceptable microstructures and mechanical properties have been obtained after appropriate heat treatment. Key words: Supersolidus, water-atomised powder, nitrogen-based atmosphere

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document