Multi-Technique Approach for the Assessment of Historical Masonry Constructions

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 1249-1256
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Fernandes ◽  
Luís F. Ramos ◽  
Elizabeth Manning ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Nondestructive Techniques ◽  
New Type ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Initial Results

In this paper the NDTs research project is briefly described. This project aims at developing and improving several nondestructive techniques typically used in masonry diagnosis. So far, a new acquisition system based on sonic measurements, a geoelectric prototype to perform tomographic measurements of the cross-section of masonry elements and a new type of flat-jack test, the tube-jack, were developed. Finally, the project aims at merging the data of these improved techniques with existing ones in order to produce a better diagnosis of these structures. The initial results of the case study of S. Torcatos church is illustrated here to show the potential of these methods and the quality of the information that can be derived from the merging of the data obtained through different methodologies.

scholarly journals Designing for People’s Safety on Flooded Streets: Uncertainties and the Influence of the Cross-Section Shape, Roughness and Slopes on Hazard Criteria

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Luís Mesquita David ◽  
Rita Fernandes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flooding Risk

Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results and one case study. An expedited method for the verification of safety criteria based solely on flow is presented, saving efforts in detailing models and increasing confidence in the results from simplified models. The method is valid for 0.1 m2/s 0.5 m2/s. The results showed that a street with a 1.8% slope, 75 m1/3s−1 and a rectangular cross-section complies with the threshold 0.3 m2/s for twice the flow of a street with the same width but with a conventional cross-section shape. The flow will be four times greater for a 15% street slope. The results also highlighted that the flood flows can vary significantly along the streets depending on the sewers’ roughness and the flow transfers between the major and minor systems, such that the effort detailing a street’s cross-section must be balanced with all of the other sources of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Mixed or Complementary Messages: Making the Most of Unexpected Assessment Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Jones ◽  
Julia Bauder ◽  
Kevin Engel
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Research Literacy ◽  
Initial Results

Grinnell College participated in ACRL’s first cohort of Assessment in Action (AiA), undertaking a mixed-methods action research project to assess the effectiveness of librarian-led research literacy sessions in improving students’ research skills. The quantitative data showed that the quality of students’ sources did not markedly improve following a research literacy session, while the qualitative data indicated that many students were able to state and describe important research concepts they learned. This article profiles the development of Grinnell’s AiA project and discusses how Grinnell’s librarians responded when the initial results led to more questions rather than to satisfactory answers.

Visibility Analysis for Assembly Fixture Calibration Using Screen Space Transformation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Kong ◽  
Wenzhen Huang ◽  
Dariusz Ceglarek
Keyword(s):  
Visibility Analysis ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
New Type ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Screen Space ◽  
Calibration Time ◽  
Assembly Fixture

In a number of manufacturing processes, tooling installation, calibration and maintenance guarantee the precision of fixtures and play important roles towards the overall quality of products. Recently a new type of measurement equipment called “laser tracker” was developed and utilized for assembly fixture calibration to shorten calibration time and improve the accuracy of the currently used theodolite systems. Though, the calibration of assembly fixture is critical for product quality, the calibration time creates significant burden for productivity of multi-station assembly processes. In order to shorten the calibration lead time, the number of necessary calibration setups which is determined by visibility analysis needs to be minimized. This paper presents a screen space transformation based visibility analysis that allows minimizing the number of setups. The screen space transformation is applied to transform the visibility problem from 3D to 2D space, consequently the visibility problem can be solved efficiently. A case study illustrates the procedure and verifies the validity of the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Worries with the Web: A Look at Student Use of Web Resources

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Grimes ◽  
Carl H. Boening
Keyword(s):  
English Composition ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Composition Classes ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Web

The purpose of this research project was to determine whether students are using unauthenticated resources, whether they are evaluating their resources, and whether there is a gap between the quality of resources expected by instructors and the quality of resources used by students. Using case study methodology, the authors interviewed instructors and students and analyzed Web resources cited in research papers in two English composition classes. The findings show that students are using unevaluated resources and that there is a gap between what instructors expect students to use and what students actually use. Ways to alleviate “worries with the Web” are discussed.

Comparison of different algorithms used for creating river terrain model based on the cross-sections.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Bureš ◽  
Radek Roub ◽  
Petra Sychová
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Interpolation Techniques ◽  
The Cross

<p>Various techniques can be used to create a river terrain model. The most common technique uses 3D bathymetric points distributed across the main channel. The terrain model is then created using common interpolation techniques. The quality of this terrain depends on the number of the measured points and their location.</p><p>An alternative method may be an application of a set of cross-sections. Special interpolation algorithms are used for this purpose. These algorithms create new bathymetric points between two adjacent cross-sections that are located in a composite bathymetric network (CBN). Common interpolation techniques can be used to create a river terrain model. The advantage of this approach is a necessity of smaller dataset.</p><p>We present a comparison of four different algorithms for creating a river terrain model based on measured cross-sections. The first algorithm (A1) adopts a method of linear interpolation to create CBN [1]. The second algorithm (A2) reshapes the cross-sections and then applies linear interpolation. This reshaping allows better take into the account the thalweg line [2]. The third algorithm (A3) uses cross-sectional reshaping and uses cubic hermit splines to create CBN [3]. The last algorithm (A4)  implies the channel boundary and the thalweg line as additional inputs. Additional inputs define the shape of the newly created river channel [4].</p><p>Three different distances among individual cross-sections were used for the performance tests (50, 100 and 200 meters). The quality of topographic schematization and its impact on hydrodynamic model results were evaluated. Preliminary results show that there is almost no difference in the performance of the algorithms at cross-section distance of 50 m. The A4 algorithm outperforms/surpass its competitors in the case that input data (the cross-section distance is) are in 200 m spacing.</p><p>This research was supported by the Operational Programme Prague – Growth Pole of the Czech Republic, project No. CZ.07.1.02/0.0/0.0/17_049/0000842, Tools for effective and safe management of rainwater in Prague city – RainPRAGUE.</p><p>[1]       Vetter, M., Höfle, B., Mandelburger, G., Rutzinger, M. Estimating changes of riverine landscapes and riverbeds by using airborne LiDAR data and river cross-sections. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues, 2011, 55.2: 51-65.</p><p>[2]       Chen, W., Liu, W. Modeling the influence of river cross-section data on a river stage using a two-dimensional /three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Water, 2017, 9.3: 203.</p><p>[3]       Caviedes-Voullième, D.; Morales-Hernández, M.; López-Marijuan, I.; García-Navarro, P. Reconstruction of 2D river beds by appropriate interpolation of 1D cross-sectional information for flood simulation. Environ. Model. Softw., 2014, 61, 206–228.</p><p>[4]       Merwade, V.; Cook, A.; Coonrod, J. GIS techniques for creating river terrain models for hydrodynamic modeling and flood inundation mapping. Environ. Model. Softw., 2008, 23, 1300–1311.</p>

A NEW TYPE OF SEISMIC CROSS‐SECTION WHEREIN ACCURACY OF REPRESENTATION IS RENDERED INSENSITIVE TO VELOCITY ERROR

Geophysics ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil P. Gaby
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Time Section ◽  
Velocity Error ◽  
Time Map ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Cross

A method is presented which was designed to: 1. Simplify computations in areas where velocity is known to vary, or may later be found to vary, laterally. 2. Considerably reduce the amount of recomputation necessitated by subsequent revisions in velocity. The conventional time‐section and time‐map satisfy these requirements but are indicated generally to be subject to serious errors, as illustrated. The proposed system is explained and evaluated. Advantages believed to be peculiar to it are tabulated, and a practical method of plotting the cross‐sections is presented.

The Research of Quantitative Analysis Methods on Product Form Information Based on the Cross-Section Diagram Set

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 1675-1678
Author(s):  
Zhi Tang ◽  
Meng Ya Cai ◽  
Sheng Ze Wang ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Yue Ming Hao
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Change State ◽  
Machine Interaction ◽  
External Characteristics ◽  
Form Information

The external morphological characteristics of the handle grip impacts the man-machine interaction especially that of with fingers. Hence, the research on the external morphological of existed products has important significance on the improvement of man-machine interaction when designing a product. Most of the traditional ways of obtaining or describing product form information are established on a variety of views which do not consist the quality of data analysing dynamically or quantitatively. The aim of this article is exploring a new method based on the cross-section diagram set of the product. The method works in a more accurate way in obtaining the diagram information of product, meanwhile, it describes the change state of products' external characteristics by the simplex dimension of information. The method allows a dynamic and quantized way analysing the external characteristics of the product.

scholarly journals Characteristics of wool raw materials in the Southern Federal District

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Kolosov ◽  
V. V. Aboneev ◽  
A. M. Abdulmuslimov ◽  
A. S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Federal District ◽  
High Energy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Strategic Program

Relevance. Sheep wool is one of the types of products that requires high energy costs of feed. Therefore, sheep breeding should be based in regions that allow for their soil and climate conditions to contain animals of this type with the lowest material costs. One of these regions of the Russian Federation is the southern Federal district. Assessment of the state of fine wool production in the region makes it possible to develop a science-based strategic program for managing this process, which can be universal and used in relation to other territories. This is the relevance of our research.Methods. Analytical, statistical, computational, and biometric research methods were used for their implementation.Results. As a result, it was found that there is currently a certain stagnation in the production of Merino wool in the Southern Federal District. Therefore, additional means of regional and federal support are needed to encourage producers to increase the number of sheep that produce uniform wool. Certification of wool based on methods consistent with international standards of the IWTO countries in this territory revealed a number of qualitative features of the raw materials produced. The largest share in the structure of produced wool — 79–93% — is occupied by raw materials with a diameter of the cross section of the fibers of 20.6–23.0 microns. Very insignificant is volume of wool diameter of the cross section of the fibers less than 20.5 microns — less than 1%. It is produced only in the Rostov region. It was also established that the share of wool with contamination by easily-and difficult-to-separate impurities at the level of 1.5–2% is from 38 to 100% of the produced wool in different regions of the district. The authors propose a system of complex selection and technological techniques to improve the quality of fine wool produced.

scholarly journals Music and Clowning in Europe, 20th-21st centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stoll Knecht
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Fertilization

This research project explores the interactions between music and clowning from two perspectives: first, by investigating the uses and functions of music and sound in European clowning traditions, and second, by revisiting the notion of musical humor and introducing the category of the ‘clownesque’ – taking Gustav Mahler’s Seventh Symphony as a case study. Clowning practices can inform modern instrumental music, I suggest, because of the cross-fertilization of ‘cultivated’ and ‘popular’ genres characteristic of this era. My musicological perspective on clowning will throw new light on this tradition; and, in turn, interpreting musical humor in the 20th century through the lens of clowning practices will emphasize the physicality of musical gestures.

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