A Pilot Study Regarding the Biomechanical Behaviour of Endosteal Implants

2013 ◽  
Vol 587 ◽  
pp. 372-378
Author(s):  
Cristian Dobreci ◽  
Alexandru Petre ◽  
Matei Traistaru
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Alloplastic Material ◽  
Generic Language ◽  
Bony Ridge ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Endosteal Implants

An endosteal implant is an alloplastic material surgically inserted into a residual bony ridge primarily as a prosthodontic foundation. Root form implants are the design most often used. Although many names have been applied, the 1988 National Institutes of Health consensus, statement on dental implants and the American Academy of Implant Dentistry recognized the term root form. Misch developed a generic language for endosteal implants in 1992. This language is presented in an order following the chronology of insertion to restoration. In formulating the terminology, five commonly used implant systems in the United States were referenced. Ten years later, the dramatic evolution in the implant market led to reconsideration of the terminology. At the moment, over 3000 different implant systems are on the market, but the comparative evaluation is not done by objective means.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of different operative methods for treating obesity

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Yu I Yashkov ◽  
O E Lutsevich ◽  
A V Nikol'skiy ◽  
D K Bekuzarov
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
American Society

Obesity is one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. This is - one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, was characterized by WHO as "non-infectious epidemic of the late XX - early XXI century." According to data presented at the Consensus Conference of the National Institutes of Health and the American Society of Bariatric Surgeons in 2004, as well as the WHO European Conference on Obesity in 2006, 1.7 billion people on the planet, including 2/3 of the US population are overweight (MT), with one in five adults and one in seven teen - morbid obesity, ie, has a body mass index greater than 40 kg / m2. More than 700 000 deaths in the United States, and 1 million in Europe each year can be attributed to obesity, and in the structure of mortality in 13% of Europeans reasons anyway associated with obesity. Life expectancy at morbid obesity is reduced by 9 years for women and 12 years for men. According to forecasts of epidemiologists, 2025 will double the number of patients suffering from obesity.

Universal Newborn Screening for Hearing Loss: Ideal vs. Reality and the Role of Otolaryngologists

1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Bluestone
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Infants And Young Children

In 1993 the National Institutes of Health Consensus Statement, Early Identification of Hearing Impairment in Infants and Young Children, recommended “universal screening for hearing impairment prior to three months of age.” However, the decision to invoke screening programs that include all newborns remains highly controversial, even though such programs now exist in at least 60 hospitals in 18 states. Unfortunately, otolaryngologists in the United States have not been actively involved in this ongoing debate, despite the role of those in our specialty as “gatekeepers” of hearing loss in patients of all ages. In relation to identification of hearing loss in the neonatal period, we have abrogated our responsibility to other health care professionals. Otolaryngologists, this is your “wake up call.”

Traumatic Brain Injury: A Trauma Surgeon's Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Guillamondegui
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Moment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious epidemic in the United States. It affects patients of all ages, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). The current care of these patients typically manifests after sequelae have been identified after discharge from the hospital, long after the inciting event. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of identification and management of the TBI patient from the moment of injury through long-term care as a multidisciplinary approach. By promoting an awareness of the issues that develop around the acutely injured brain and linking them to long-term outcomes, the trauma team can initiate care early to alter the effect on the patient, family, and community. Hopefully, by describing the care afforded at a trauma center and by a multidisciplinary team, we can bring a better understanding to the armamentarium of methods utilized to treat the difficult population of TBI patients.

NIH Funding Ranked “Per Capita”: An Alternative Method for Assessing Research Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Kulage ◽  
Joshua R. Massei ◽  
Elaine L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Schools Of Nursing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nih Funding ◽  
Member School ◽  
Total Average

Ordinal rankings of schools of nursing by research funding in total dollars awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a common metric for demonstrating research productivity; however, these data are not based on the number of doctorally prepared faculty eligible to apply for funding. Therefore, we examined an alternative method for measuring research productivity which accounts for size differences in schools: NIH funding ranked “per capita.” We extracted data on total average funding and compared them with average funding secured per faculty member across top-ranked schools of nursing in the United States from 2013 to 2017. When examining data by number of doctorally prepared faculty, 4 of 12 (33%) schools that ranked lower in total average funding ranked higher in average funding per faculty member. School size is an important but neglected factor in current funding rankings; therefore, we encourage schools to use multiple approaches to track their research productivity.

scholarly journals A Review of the Challenge in Measuring Hemoglobin A1c

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Weykamp ◽  
W. Garry John ◽  
Andrea Mosca
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Difference

The attraction of the simple biochemical concept combined with a clinical requirement for a long-term marker of glycolic control in diabetes has made hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) one of the most important assays undertaken in the medical laboratory. The diversity in the biochemistry of glycation, clinical requirements, and management demands has resulted in a broad range of methods being developed since HbA1c was described in the late 1960s. A range of analytic principles are used for the measurement of HbA1c. The charge difference between hemoglobin A0 and HbA1c has been widely utilized to separate these two fractions, most notably found these days in ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography systems; the difference in molecular structure (affinity chromatography and immunochemical methods) are becoming widely available. Different results found in different laboratories using a variety of HbA1c analyses resulted in the need for standardization, most notably in the United States, Japan, and Sweden. Designated comparison methods are now located in these three countries, but as they are arbitrarily chosen and have differences in specificity, results of these methods and the reference values and action limits of the methods differ and only harmonized HbA1c in specific geographic areas. A reference measurement system within the concept of metrological traceability is now globally accepted as the only valid analytic anchor. However, there is still discussion over the units to be reported. The consensus statement of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), the American Diabetes Association, the International Diabetes Federation, and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes suggests reporting HbA1c in IFCC units (mmol/mol), National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program units (%), and estimated average glucose (either in mg/dl or mmol/liter). The implementation of this consensus statement raised new questions, to be answered in a concerted action of clinicians, biochemists, external quality assessment organizers, patient groups, and manufacturers.

scholarly journals Cooperation and Coopetition as a Tools Which Could Improve Leading Startups all over the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Aneta Ejsmont
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Good News ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Foreign Sale ◽  
The Moment

Building own business is a long-term and laborious process. A person who leads a startup tries to start with building own business by taking first steps toward financial independence. Analyzing conditions in Poland, on average every second startup sells its services abroad, admittedly it is good news, although half of them do not export at all. Half of the startups which export their services and goods generates more than 50% of their revenues outside Poland. Very interesting is the fact that 60% of exporters have conducted their foreign sale since the moment of establishing their business. On which markets do they sell their services? It turns out that the most popular are markets in the European Union (54%), including the United Kingdom 14% and Germany 9%. Only about 25% of Polish startups exports their products and services to the United States. Taking the United States into consideration, in 2008 the USA lost their leading position in the number of startups which are newly created and achieving success in business. Currently in terms of the number of new startups the USA is on a quite distant place after Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, New Zealand, Israel or Italy. In short, more companies were closed than created, so it was, as a matter of fact, like in Poland. Therefore, the condition to improve the development of startups both from Poland and other countries all the world is to increase cooperation and coopetition.

scholarly journals Replacement depreciation and price regulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
IJ Lambrechts
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Natural Monopoly ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
Investment Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment

Price regulation occurs quite commonly amongst natural monopolies which frequently include public utilities. In South Africa and in certain countries in Africa, there has recently been a revival of price regulation in certain industries and enterprises, where competition is limited or non-existent. Price regulation can be applied in a multitude of ways. Because of the importance of the price levels (historical and replacement) in the price setting exercise, the focus in this paper will be on the issue of depreciation to arrive at the final prices. The electricity utility industry was historically viewed as a highly mature and heavily regulated natural monopoly. In many parts of the world, electricity utilities have already been deregulated to a large extent and in the United States the process was preceded by a process of unbundling or ringfencing of the main divisions, i.e. generation and distribution. Even the network component of transmission, traditionally seen as natural monopolies, was deregulated to a large extent. The deregulation process, whether fully or partially, emphasised the requirement for a detailed explanation for a specific price level. The need for acceptable and transparent selling prices has, therefore, not disappeared. Regulatory pricing is consequently a vital component of pricing at this stage and in the restructured industry it will continue to play an important role because of a limited number of participants. In other sectors of the South African energy industry too, the deregulation process has either not started or has not been completed. Price regulation is presently and will in future be applicable to the liquid fuels industry, which includes the pipeline of Petronet as well as gas pipelines. Other industries which are being price regulated at the moment include water, medicine, telecommunication (fixed lines) and postal rates. Although the economic regulation for these industries may differ substantially, the principles applying to depreciation calculations would be similar. Replacement depreciation produces lower profit figures during periods of inflation. Quoted companies often oppose this system because of a lack of taxation recognition on income and the adverse effect on earnings per share. This paper covers the calculation of depreciation by price regulators where assets are not diversified (single assets). Shorter depreciation lifetimes based on historical cost result in an automatic provision for replacement depreciation. The extent of the provision would be a function of the difference between the actual and selected lifetimes, income tax rates, re-investment rates and the extent of the financial gearing ratio. Provision for replacement depreciation may be reduced significantly, if not reduced completely, by reducing depreciation lifetimes.

scholarly journals China’s AI experience: industrial digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-546
Author(s):  
Marina S. Reshetnikova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Moment

The rapid acceleration of scientific and technological progress, which started at the beginning of the 21st century, has become a decisive factor in influencing the global economy. Who will lead the global innovation race? This problem is especially relevant in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). At the moment, the United States and China are the main participants in the battle for dominance in this area. The author assesses Chinas innovative potential in the field of AI and identifies its achievements in this area. Based on the statistics provided, Chinas AI leadership has reached a critical point. China is confidently leading the new fundamental research of artificial intelligence, forming its theoretical base and applied research and development, which will contribute to the creation of new high-tech innovative products and services. However, in terms of the number and quality of AI specialists (AI Talents) and the number of companies engaged in AI, China is still lagging behind its main rival, namely the United States. The author proved that, despite the obvious successes of China, the United States still has an equal lead in the global innovation race.

scholarly journals Journal Entry, July 2020: Affirmation, Inclusion, Equity and Everyone

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Lauren Thomas Quigley ◽  
Monica Cox ◽  
Cynthia J. Atman ◽  
Jennifer Turns
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Journal Entry ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
Action Change ◽  
The Moment

When we reflect on 2020, especially in the United States, the divides in society amplified by the pandemic and laid bare for all to see following the murder of George Floyd in Minnesota in May, 2020 will most likely be the top of mind. We could all see this nation’s history and current complicity for racism, both the systematic and systemic. The moment was not unfamiliar, but markedly different. Initially, we wrote this piece in the summer of 2020, in response to our professional organization’s delay and hesitancy to affirm Black lives, Black students, Black engineers and Black faculty. Many of us were crying out. Allies with commitment to action showed up for and with us -- no questions asked, to ensure that what we felt was at least heard. In nearly a year since our original effort to write this piece together, some things have changed for the better. We saw our professional organization affirm Black lives. We saw some of our colleagues take action, change course and use their influence to make the community better. Some learned, listened and tried to do something new. Others, either remained silent, hopefully in contemplation, but some with a silence that convinces us that they are simply not on the same side. We composed the below entries in the summer of 2020, amid national turbulence and internal reflection. Below we provide four personal stories and some specific calls to action situated in the summer of 2020, but these remain our aspirations and hopes for the field of engineering education.

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