A Method to Fabricate Thin Micro Silicon Cantilever Based on Optical Lithography with AZ 1518

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 1093-1098
Author(s):  
Chen Zhi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Optical Lithography ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Positive Photoresist ◽  
Silicon Cantilever ◽  
Photolithography Process ◽  
Inclined Planes ◽  
Selection Of

AZ 1518 is a standard thin positive photoresist in AZ1500series which has been widely used in photolithography process, beside this, as a perfect semiconductor material, micro sized silicon cantilevers have been widely used in micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). In This paper, we have presented the process of fabricate micro silicon cantilever, including the selection of the photoresist, developer and substrate, optical lithography method and PLD method. After these, AFM is used to study the cantilever pattern and the angle of inclined planes. The research results show the exposure time and experimental environment can significantly influent the quality of cantilever pattern.

The effects of exposure time on tackiness and rheology of solder paste

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (7) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
I K Hui ◽  
B Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Surface Mount Technology ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

The quality of printing and reflow in surface mount technology depends very much on the selection of a solder paste with suitable tackiness and rheology. A series of studies has been conducted to find out the effects of exposure time of the solder paste on its tackiness and rheology. A qualitative method was designed for tackiness analysis. The results of the analysis show that tackiness decreases as exposure time increases and their relationship can be expressed by a power law. It is recommended that the values of the characteristic constants in the power law should be provided as part of the solder paste specification to facilitate calculation of the decay in tackiness over time by the user. The Malcom system was used to investigate rheology changes of the solder paste. Based on the solder paste used for the investigation, it was found that the viscosity increases with exposure time and becomes stable at about 2 h. On a log—log scale plot the viscosity and shear rate have a linear dependence on time of exposure for all solder pastes, and their thixotropy indices remain almost unchanged. However, the non-recovery rate, used for measuring the recovery ability of the solder paste, decreases rapidly in the first 40 min of exposure and then remains almost unchanged.

The quality of the sperm of red breeds bulls of OAO Barnaulskoe breeding enterprise and its resistance to cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
A. I. Zheltikov ◽  
T. V. Konovalova ◽  
O. I. Sebezhko ◽  
V. V. Ilyin ◽  
P. N. Palchikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Selection Of

The characteristic of bulls-producers of red breeds of OAO Barnaulskoe breeding enterprise on the quality of sperm and its resistance to cryopreservation are presented. The breeding enterprise has examined samples of water, soil, feed for the content of heavy metals. In the studied samples, no excess of the LOC was found. The research results were processed on a PC using population statistics methods. Angler bulls produced the largest amount of ejaculates unsuitable for cryopreservation. It is 20.6%. According to this indicator, they surpassed the producers of red Danish and red steppe breeds by 4.1-7.8%. The animals of the latter breed showed the smallest amount (1.7%) of ejaculates rejected after defrost. In Angler bulls, this indicator was 5.95%, in red Danish bulls it was 2.95%, which is 3.52 and 1.75 times higher than in red steppe breeders (P <0.01-0.001). Significant differences were established between individual bulls of the red steppe breed in the number of ejaculates rejected before cryopreservation (2.84-22.29%) and after defrost (0-7.09%). The differences between breeds in the frequency of rejected ejaculates before freezing and after cryopreservation indicate a certain role of heredity in the resistance of animals for these indicators. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between these traits was 0.312. It indicates the possibility of preliminary assessment and selection of bulls according to the first indicator. But the final assessment of the bull-producers can be made by the frequency of rejected ejaculates after thawing. We propose to consider the issue of additional accounting in breeding programs for the resistance of the seed of bulls-producers to cryopreservation.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE DIFFRACTION EFFICIENCY OF SPECKLE INTERFEROGRAMS BY SELECTING A METHOD OF MANIFESTATION AND DEVELOPER FOR PRACTICAL USE IN EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Nyan Min Htet Min Htet ◽  
Igor Valentinovich Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Holographic Interferometry ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Concentration Zone ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Selection Of

This article presents a qualitatively new developed technology of out-of-band registration of speckle holograms in the study of deformations in the concentration zone on samples with holes. Summary. One of the most important aspects of speckle-holographic interferometry is the quality of the resulting speckle-hologram, which largely determines its diffraction efficiency. In this case, the improvement of diffraction efficiency in solving practical problems is carried out through the selection of the developer of photographic plates, the installation of a certain exposure time and the choice of methods for processing photographic plates. However, in practice, there are often problems of obtaining the maximum diffraction efficiency of holograms. We made a choice of developer, exposure time, as well as methods of photo processing of speckle holograms in colliding beams in the process of practical experiment. Practical significance. The technology of out-of-band registration of speckle holograms described in the article can be used in the process of research of SSS of full-scale aircraft structures in areas of stress concentration, as well as their detection during industrial full-scale tests.

ON THE EXPERT’S RIGHT TO BE PRESENT AT LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
M. G. Shcherbakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Data Acquiring ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the reasonsfor an expert to participate in legal proceedings. The gnoseological reason for that consists of the bad quality of materials subject to examination that renders the examination either completely impossible or compromises objective, reasoned and reliable assessment of the findings. The procedural reason consists ofa proscription for an expert to collect evidence himself or herself. The author investigates into the ways of how an expert can participate in legal proceedings. If the defense invites an expert to participate in the proceedings, then it is recommended that his or her involvement should be in the presence of attesting witnesses and recorded in the protocol. In the course of the legal proceedings an expert has the following tasks: adding initial data, acquiring new initial data, understanding the situation of the incident, acquiring new objects to be studied, including samples for examination. An expert’s participation in legal proceedings differs from the participation of a specialist or an examination on the scene of the incident. The author describes the tasks that an expert solves in the course of legal proceedings, the peculiarities ofan investigation experiment practices, the selection of samples for an examination, inspection, interrogation.

Implementasi Voip Server Berbasis IPV6 Dengan Raspberry PI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Rabbai San Arif ◽  
Yuli Fitrisia ◽  
Agus Urip Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ipv6 Network ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a telecommunications technology that is able to pass the communication service in Internet Protocol networks so as to allow communicating between users in an IP network. However VoIP technology still has weakness in the Quality of Service (QoS). VOPI weaknesses is affected by the selection of the physical servers used. In this research, VoIP is configured on Linux operating system with Asterisk as VoIP application server and integrated on a Raspberry Pi by using wired and wireless network as the transmission medium. Because of depletion of IPv4 capacity that can be used on the network, it needs to be applied to VoIP system using the IPv6 network protocol with supports devices. The test results by using a wired transmission medium that has obtained are the average delay is 117.851 ms, jitter is 5.796 ms, packet loss is 0.38%, throughput is 962.861 kbps, 8.33% of CPU usage and 59.33% of memory usage. The analysis shows that the wired transmission media is better than the wireless transmission media and wireless-wired.

DESIGN, SIMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SYSTEM CONTROL C4 FEEDING PUMP FOR FEED VAPORIZATION IN THE BUTADIENE PLANT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Fahmi Yunistyawan ◽  
Yunistyawan J Berchmans ◽  
Gembong Baskoro
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Field Operator ◽  
System Control ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drive ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Discharge Pressure ◽  
Selection Of

This study implements the auto start control system on an electric motor 3 phase C4Feeding pump when the discharge pressure is low-low (4.3 kg /cm²). The C4 feeding pumpmotor was initially manually operated from the local control station, this was very ineffectiveand inefficient because it still relied on the field operator to operate the pump motor and whenthe plant was in normal operating it is very risk if the field operator late to operate motor then itwill impact to quality of the product, and if the delay time to operate motor is too long then planthave to shut down, therefore improvement is needed in the C4 feeding pump motor controlsystem. In this paper, various types of 3-phase motor control are explained which allow it to beapplied to the C4 feeding pump motor that are on-off, inverter, and variable speed drive andefficient selection of the three systems control of the motor. Software and hardware used in thisthesis work are DCS CENTUM VP Yokogawa.

Thomas More’s Correspondence in a Spanish Ambiance

Moreana ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (Number 149) (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Olivares Merino
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The recent reprinting of Álvaro de Silva’s 1998 edition of a selection of More’s letters prompts the author to examine the subject of Spanish translations of More, and of de Silva’s general commentary on More’s correspondence and on his relationship to other humanists. The author reflects on aspects of More’s personality as exposed in his letters and uses what he finds as a corrective to several biographical misconceptions. He points out the strengths and weaknesses of de Silva’s work and compares it with that of other translators, particularly Elizabeth Rogers, and notes the particularly Spanish quality of de Silva’s edition.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

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