Lessons from the Field; Steel Structure Performance in Earthquakes in New Zealand from 2010 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Charles Clifton ◽  
Gregory A. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earthquake Series ◽  
Building Components ◽  
The Many

First the Canterbury earthquake series of 2010/2012 and then the Kaikoura Earthquake of 2016 have significantly impacted the building stock in central and southern New Zealand, subjecting a wide range of buildings and building components to earthquake shaking ranging from moderate to severe. The economic and social costs of these earthquakes have been severe, but the lessons learned on how buildings and building systems designed and detailed to New Zealand provisions have performed have been invaluable. We have learned more about this from these earthquakes then from the many reconnaissance trips undertaken to overseas earthquakes over the 50 years of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. This paper focusses on the performance of steel framed buildings in two major New Zealand cities, Christchurch and Wellington, with greatest emphasis on multi-storey buildings, but also covering light steel framed housing. It addresses such issues as the magnitude and structural impact of the earthquake series, how the various systems performed against the design expectations and briefly covers some of the research underway to quantify where there were differences between the observed performance and the expected performance.

The state of earthquake engineering in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
John Hare
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
The State ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Direction

The Canterbury earthquakes have afforded the author a unique opportunity to view the state of engineering from a different perspective. The development of the Detailed Engineering Evaluation (DEE) procedure and the related activities of the Engineering Advisory Group have required thorough consideration of structural engineering practice. This has extended to an overview of the outputs from the DEEs completed by a wide range of engineers, over a wide range of buildings. From these and more general observations of engineering practice in contrast with that of other countries, a view on the state of earthquake engineering in New Zealand is offered with some thoughts on future direction and development needs.

scholarly journals Discussion to the special issue: Supporting the transition of a diversity of students: Developing the “whole student” during and beyond their time at higher education.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Jacques Van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Student Diversity ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The South ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

Apart from the current Covid19 context, the higher education sectors across the world have been faced with major challenges over the last few decades (Auerbach et al., 2018; Haggis, 2004), including increased numbers and diversity. Considering the many challenges in higher education, especially the rise of students’ mental health issues, I am strongly convinced that education sectors, but in particular the higher education sector, have a societal responsibility to not just focus on students as learners of knowledge and/or professional skills, but to support them in being developed as “whole students”. All these challenges also raise a need for research into the broader context to identify how we can better support the diverse student population as they transition into higher education, but also how to prepare them for a positive experience during and beyond their time in higher education. Overall, it can be said that the contributions to this special issue beneficially addressed some of the main foci to widening the perspectives on diversity related to the transition into higher education. The contribution came from different European countries, including Belgium, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom. De Clercq et al. (in this special issue) indicated that environmental characteristics, such as distinctiveness of countries, is often overlooked in research. In this discussion article, therefore, some particular references will also be made to a specific country, New Zealand. This may be of interest and relevant for the particular questions raised in this special issue as focusing on student diversity in educational contexts has been considered important for some time in this country. Aoteraroa New Zealand is a country in the South Pacific colonised by Europeans in the 19th century. In the second part of the 20th century, the focus across the New Zealand education sectors, including higher education, started to develop beyond just a European perspective, and started to focus more on recognition of student diversity. Initially, the main focus was on the indigenous population, the Māori people. In the last few decades of the 20th century, the focus was extended to the Pacific Island people, many of whom migrated to New Zealand from a wide range of different islands in the South Pacific. In the 21st century, the focus on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) groups was further extended, and over the last decade also because of the increase of refugees from the Middle East and Asia. Providing some insights from the other end of the world, in quite a different and de-colonised ex-European nation may help European (and other) countries to reflect on their own approaches.

Conceptual and Practical Considerations in Alternative Service Delivery

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Alternative Service Delivery ◽  
The Many

Alternative service delivery (ASD) is a Canadian phenomenon that spread, surfaced important issues and made a wider impact. ASD refers to the many and varied organizational forms and delivery mechanisms governments use to achieve their objectives. It is anchored in a spectrum of options that mirrors the diversity of the nation, its governments and its public institutions. Innovations sustain the capacity to serve the public interest and to leverage efficiency, accountability and renewal. They embrace a strategy of collaboration across sectors and boundaries to overcome impediments to change and to transform service delivery. Countless spin-offs cascade throughout the Canadian public sector. Many governments benchmark the international scene and adapt innovations to their settings. Respect for situation and reciprocal learning facilitate the transfer of good practice. Lessons learned from ASD experiences across Canada and in countries like Tanzania, Latvia and New Zealand improve the prospects of `getting service delivery right'.

scholarly journals Observations from the 26th November 2019 Albania earthquake: the earthquake engineering field investigation team (EEFIT) mission

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2013-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Freddi ◽  
Viviana Novelli ◽  
Roberto Gentile ◽  
Enes Veliu ◽  
Stoyan Andreev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The City

AbstractOn the 26th of November 2019, an earthquake of moment magnitude 6.4 struck the northwest region of Albania as the result of thrust faulting near the convergent boundary of the Africa and Eurasia plates causing widespread damage to buildings in the city of Durrës and the surrounding areas. Based on the official data from the national authorities, the earthquake caused 51 casualties and 985 million-euro losses, corresponding to 7.5% of the 2018 gross domestic product. This paper summarises field observations made by the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) after the event. The paper presents an overview of the seismological aspects of the earthquake together with a brief overview of the damage, official loss statistics and the estimated macro- and socio-economic consequences of the event. In addition, it provides a summary of the observed damage to both recent and historical buildings as well as the description of several case studies to illustrate the characteristic damage patterns observed in the main structural typologies of the Albanian building stock. These observations try to identify possible links between the observed damage patterns and the deficiencies in construction practice and use of inappropriate retrofit techniques for historical assets. As many severe damages were observed on modern buildings, this also allows the identification of some gaps and possible areas of development of the current seismic design code. In the end, the lessons learned from the field survey are resumed.

Lessons Learned from Tokai Heavy Rainfall

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Tominaga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
Heavy Damage

In September 2000, heavy rainfall in the Tokai district flooded Nagoya and its surroundings, wreaking heavy damage. This flood showed typical aspects of urban flood disaster. The damage expanded in a wide range and paralyzed city operations. This revealed the many problems of complex flood control systems in urbanized drainage basins and evacuation and rescue systems. The cases of the Shinkawa and Tenpaku Rivers are discussed below as typical urban flood problems.

US-Japan workshop on geotechnical aspects of recent earthquakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
K. J. McManus
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Full Copy

The US-Japan Workshop on Geotechnical Aspects of Recent Earthquakes was held at the Kansai Kenshu Centre, Osaka, Japan on 22-24 January 1996. The objectives of the workshop were to summarise lessons learned from the Lorna Prieta, Northridge, and Kobe earthquakes, to identify ongoing research needs, to summarise available data, and to identify areas of possible co-operation for future research. The society was invited to send a representative from New Zealand with observer status provided that person present a report summarising current and ongoing research on geotechnical earthquake engineering within New Zealand. The author was selected to be the New Zealand observer and the summary report accompanies this article. Thirty two participants attended from the US and thirty from Japan including most of the well known, active researchers from the two countries. A complete list of participants is given in Appendix A. The draft workshop report, with contributions from many of the participants, is summarised below. A full copy of the report is held by the author.

scholarly journals Methodology for the assessment of the damage cost resulting from a large earthquake in the vicinity of Wellington

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
G. R. Birss
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
National Society ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Loss ◽  
Set Up

At the request of the Earthquake and War Damage Commission, the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering set up a study group to determine the maximum probable loss the Commission may suffer by way of claims resulting from a large earthquake with its epicentre near Wellington. The study group's task was to determine the order of cost of physical damage to buildings and their contents which could credibly be expected to result from large earthquake attack. Seismic loss information for New Zealand conditions is minimal and it was therefore necessary to critically review published overseas data. Where appropriate, adjustments were made to accommodate New Zealand conditions. Loss information was compiled as the ratio of damage cost to building value and varied with felt earthquake intensity as well as with type of building construction. The total value and structural classification of the building stock in the affected area was compiled and entered on a computer. A program was set up to enable loss calculations to be carried out for the appropriate building classification and for the relevant earthquake intensities. From this the total loss was calculated. The results of the study expressed as monetary loss are confidential to the Earthquake and War Damage Commission. In this paper, therefore, results are not presented in absolute dollar terms, but are given as relative values.

scholarly journals Development of cladding contribution functions for seismic loss estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreedhar Khakurel ◽  
Trevor Z. Yeow ◽  
Frankie Chen ◽  
Zam Wang ◽  
Sandip K. Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Seismic Loss ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Building Components

One method to rapidly estimate seismic losses during the structural design phase is to use contribution functions. These are relationships between expected losses (e.g. damage repair costs, downtime, and injury) for a wide range of building components (e.g. cladding, partitions, and ceilings) and the building’s response. This study aims to develop contribution functions for common types of cladding used in different types of buildings considering damage repair costs. In the first part of this study, a building survey was performed to identify types and quantity of cladding used in residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand; where it was found that the most common cladding types are glazing, masonry veneer, monolithic cladding and precast panels. The data collected during the survey was also used to develop cladding distribution (i.e. density) functions. The second step involved identifying fragility functions from relevant literature which are applicable to the cladding detailing used in New Zealand. The third step involved surveying consultants, suppliers and builders on typical repair/replacement cost. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to combine the cladding density function with the fragility functions and the repair cost for each type of cladding to derive contribution functions for various types of cladding and building usage. An example (case study) is provided to demonstrate its usage.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Natural enemies of bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
H.M. Harman ◽  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
C.J. Winks ◽  
L.A. Smith ◽  
P.G. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Wide Range

Bridal creeper is a weed of natural and productive areas in the northern North Island of New Zealand A classical biocontrol programme was initiated in 20052007 with a survey of invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand Although bridal creeper was attacked by a wide range of generalist invertebrates their overall damage affected

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