Review Paper: Strength Performance of Eggshell as a Cement Replacement in Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Adnan Zaidatul Syahida ◽  
Ariffin Nur Farhayu ◽  
Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin ◽  
Abdul Shukor Lim Nor Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
The Past

The numbers of Malaysian construction industry had been increasing in several years with the large construction building and infrastructures projects had been constructed. Therefore, these developments led to an increase of cement production. The production of cement will cause wider environmental implication such are air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution which are very dangerous for human health. This is due to the manufacturing of cement that release dust, toxic and carbon dioxide emissions, which is a significant contributor of greenhouse gases. To overcome this problem, several researches had been conducted for the past few decade to find a new waste material that have same mechanical properties which can replace cement content in construction. One of the most promising materials that shows great potential is eggshell as a cement replacement. It is reported that the global egg production will increase to about 90 million tons by 2030, therefore the waste of eggshell will be increased too. This paper study the mechanical properties of eggshell as a cement replacement in concrete. Several papers had been reviewed and the results are presented in order to shows the performance of eggshell in concrete. The result shows that the concrete with less than 15% replacement of eggshell produced higher compressive and tensile strength compared to normal concrete. Moreover, the flexural strength of concrete containing eggshell up to 20% replacement shows comparable results with normal concrete. From the results, by replacing cement with eggshell up to 15% show a good performance as well as can reduce the use of cement and reduce the eggshell wasted in landfill.

scholarly journals Effect of GGBS, Metakaolin and Colloidal Nano-Silica on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Pranav Andraskar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Abstract: Concrete is the most common used material for construction &their design consumes almost the total cement production in the world. The use of large quantities of cement produces increasing CO2 emission and as a consequence the greenhouse effect. A method to reduce the cement content in the concrete mixes is the use of GGBS, Metakaolin Nano-Silica. This project aims to present the state of GGBS, Metakaolin& Nano-Silica's effect on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete and to find out the economy of the experiment as compared to convential concrete. Concrete has occupied an important place in construction industry in the past few decades and it is used widely in all types of constructions ranging from small buildings to large infrastructural dams or reservoirs.. Keywords: GGBFS, Mechanical Properties, Workability, Economy

scholarly journals Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume and Metakaolin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Self Consolidating Concrete ◽  
Supplementary Cementing Materials ◽  
The Past

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been gaining greater interest over the past decades with its excellent offerings of efficiency, beauty, and savings. Due to its high flow ability, resistance to bleeding, and non-segregating properties, SCC holds tremendous potential for use in the construction industry. SCC requires no vibration and can fill capacities, including the ones with even the most congested reinforcements. Since SCC can be obtained by incorporating supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) such as silica fume and metakaolin. It is crucial to develop and test different SCC mixtures with different volumes of SCMs to evaluate fresh and mechanical properties. Although silica fume is used in the production of SCC, the use of metakaoline in SCC is new. In this project, eleven SCC mixtures having different volumes of silica fume and metakaolin are developed. In addition, the influence of the above mentioned pozzolans (silica fume and metakaolin) on the fresh and mechanical properties are analyzed. Recommendations on fresh and mechanical properties of silica fume and metakaoline based SCC mixtures are also provided.

scholarly journals A Review on Self Compacting Concrete with Cementitious Materials and Fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2969-2974 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Memon ◽  
M. A. Memon ◽  
N. A. Lakho ◽  
F. A. Memon ◽  
M. A. Keerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Hardened State

Self-compacted concrete (SCC) is cast in the formwork without compaction and it fulfills the formwork due to its own weight. SCC is considered to have many advantages in comparison with conventional concrete like improved construction quality, faster construction activity, reduced cost etc. SCC is produced with the same ingredients of normal concrete. However, cementitious materials are also adopted to replace the cement content in SCC in order to use waste materials from industries and agricultural products. To further enhance the performance of SCC, different types of fibers are tried in order to produce fiber reinforced SCC. The fibers in the concrete bridge the cracks and diffuse the crack propagation which improves mechanical properties. In developed countries SCC has reasonable acceptance in construction industry but in developing countries like Pakistan has not gained acceptance. This paper is focused on undertaking a review of SCC with cement replacement and fiber reinforcement materials. The main objective of this paper is to compile the literature in order to understand the various properties of SCC in fresh and hardened state when these cement replacement materials and fibers are used.

Strength Quality Research of Concrete Blended with Solar PV Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 1061-1062 ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ching Chen ◽  
Ran Huang ◽  
Hui Mi Hsu ◽  
Jia Ruey Chang ◽  
Li Wei Teng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Cement Replacement

In the previous article we studied the strength quality of cement paste blended with waste solar PV cells. In this study, the similar research was performed by replacing cement paste with concrete except that a large w/c ratio of 0.55 was set since high permeability or more capillary pores may take a better observation on the experimental results. The conclusions were made on the effect of cement replacement with ground solar cells. The use of ground solar cells on the mechanical properties of cement-based composite was investigated, and as a result, we identified the strength performance for those of concrete specimens.

scholarly journals Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume and Metakaolin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Self Consolidating Concrete ◽  
Supplementary Cementing Materials ◽  
The Past

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been gaining greater interest over the past decades with its excellent offerings of efficiency, beauty, and savings. Due to its high flow ability, resistance to bleeding, and non-segregating properties, SCC holds tremendous potential for use in the construction industry. SCC requires no vibration and can fill capacities, including the ones with even the most congested reinforcements. Since SCC can be obtained by incorporating supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) such as silica fume and metakaolin. It is crucial to develop and test different SCC mixtures with different volumes of SCMs to evaluate fresh and mechanical properties. Although silica fume is used in the production of SCC, the use of metakaoline in SCC is new. In this project, eleven SCC mixtures having different volumes of silica fume and metakaolin are developed. In addition, the influence of the above mentioned pozzolans (silica fume and metakaolin) on the fresh and mechanical properties are analyzed. Recommendations on fresh and mechanical properties of silica fume and metakaoline based SCC mixtures are also provided.

Application of Nanomaterials for Sustainable Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 838 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Kristýna Hrabová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Sustainable Concrete ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
New Generation

Green concrete is defined as a concrete which uses waste material as at least one of its components, or its production process does not lead to environmental destruction, or it has high performance and life cycle sustainability. Currently, cement and concrete production is at all-time high resulting in significant carbon dioxide emissions. Eight percent of the world's total CO2 emissions come from manufacturing cement. Nanomaterial concrete is new generation concrete formed of materials of the grain size of nanoscale. In the construction industry, nanomaterials has potentials, especially the functional characteristics such as increased tensile strength. The paper shows the dose dependence carbon nanotubes for the physico-mechanical properties of cement mixes.

scholarly journals Study on Mechanical Properties of Foamed Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Mussel Shell as Partial Cement Replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
A F Rahman ◽  
W I Goh ◽  
N H Othman ◽  
M S Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Oil Fuel

Abstract Concept of sustainable construction has gradually become one of the concern issues in our construction industry in recent years. Concrete which acts as an important construction material has contributed to excessive consumption of natural resources. Simultaneously, tonnes of waste materials were produced from agricultural activity in form of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) while mussel shell from marine hatchery. Utilization of agricultural waste as cement replacement is an option to reduce the environmental impact from the construction industry. In this study, these waste materials were used as partial cement replacement to produce foamed concrete in wet density of 1800 kg/m3. The main purpose of this research is to study the workability and mechanical properties of foamed concrete which contain uniform 20% of POFA combined with 5% to 10% of mussel shell powder (MSP) and mussel shell ash (MSA) respectively. The cube specimens were cast in dimension 100 mm x 100 mm x100 mm to test the compressive strength at 7th and 28th. The cylinder specimens were cast in 100 mm diameter x 200 mm diameter for split tensile test to determine the tensile strength and compression test to determine modulus of elasticity at 28th day. The result showed workability of foamed concrete decreased as more cement was replaced by POFA combined with MSP and MSA. Foamed concrete mixture with 20% POFA and 5% MSP was selected as optimum percentage of cement replacement due to reduction less than 5% compromised performance in compressive strength at 16.52MPa while tensile strength at 1.83MPa.

scholarly journals Strength of Modified Foam Concrete-Filled Hollow Section Using Fly Ash as Sand Replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Nurul ‘Adilah Anati Murad ◽  
Norashidah Abd Rahman ◽  
Ahmad Hazim Ahmad Firdaus ◽  
Siti Amirah Azra Khairuddin
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Hollow Section ◽  
Load Carrying

Abstract Hollow sections for columns, beams and trusses have been used in the steel construction industry for a decade. Concrete-filled hollow section (CFHS) has been widely used due to its aesthetic efficiency and to improve the load-carrying capacity. However, the use of normal concrete as infilled in steel hollow section has increased the dead load of structures. A modified foam concrete filled hollow section using fly ash as sand replacement (FCFHS-FA) is proposed to reduce the structure’s dead weight. This study aims to determine the strength performance of FCFHS-FA structure by using two types of steel hollow section thickness and compare the strength between FCFHS and FCFHS-FA. Steel, preformed foam, and fly ash were used to increase the strength. Nine specimens were prepared and a compression test was conducted. The strength index was calculated to compare the strength of FCFHS with FCFHS-FA. Result shows that FCFHS-FA has a similar strength index compared with FCFHS.

scholarly journals Effect of nano silica on the properties of concrete and mortar – A state of art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandiaraj Karthigai Priya ◽  
Sankararajan Vanitha
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Strength And Durability

Abstract Construction industry is one of the biggest sectors globally and a wide variety of materials are used to carry out various works. Particularly, cement is a material that is used in the construction of various structures and it is also the major source of emission of CO2 gas into the atmosphere which results in global warming. Many researchers have identified various replacement materials for cement as a partial substitution and carried out experiments successfully. Nano silica is widely utilized as a partial replacement for cement and a lot of research is carried out. This paper reviews the past studies in which nano silica is utilized in various building materials such as cement mortars, normal concrete and special concretes. The fresh concrete properties, strength and durability of the material are the parameters reviewed and it is apparent that by incorporating nano silica in cement it absorbs more water, which makes the mix less workable and it imparts additional strength to the concrete and also provides better durability when compared with the control specimen. Hence it has been revealed that nano silica will be a good replacement for cement as it is pozzolanic in nature and also possessing good microstructure.

scholarly journals Industrial legislation in Australia, 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110082
Author(s):  
Eugene Schofield-Georgeson
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wage Theft ◽  
Economic Stimulus ◽  
Liberal Government

In 2020, the Federal Morrison Liberal Government scrambled to respond to the effects of the international coronavirus pandemic on the Australian labour market in two key ways. First, through largescale social welfare and economic stimulus (the ‘JobKeeper’ scheme) and second, through significant proposed reform to employment laws as part of a pandemic recovery package (the ‘Omnibus Bill’). Where the first measure was administered by employers, the second was largely designed to suspend and/or redefine labour protections in the interests of employers. In this respect, the message from the Federal Government was clear: that the costs of pandemic recovery should be borne by workers at the discretion of employers. State Labor Governments, by contrast, enacted a range of industrial protections. These included the first Australia ‘wage theft’ or underpayment frameworks on behalf of both employees and contractors in the construction industry. On-trend with state industrial legislation over the past 4 years, these state governments continued to introduce industrial manslaughter offences, increased access to workers’ compensation, labour hire licensing schemes and portable long service leave.

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