Stress Analysis on an Automotive Coil Spring Driven on Flat, Uphill, and Downhill Road Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Harahap Jagodang ◽  
Husaini ◽  
Edisah Putra Teuku ◽  
Dieter Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Dynamic Analyses

This study aims to analyze the stress that occurred on the automotive coil spring made of SAE 5160 carbon steel due to various types of road surfaces. The 60-second strain signals measured on a coil spring of a car being driven on a flat, uphill, and downhill road surface were used as the loads in these dynamic analyses. The analysis results showed that the maximum stress occurred on the inside of the spring in the second coil from the top. The results of this dynamic analysis also showed that the three types of road surfaces provided almost the same stress. The downhill road surface gave the highest stress, which was 0.622 GPa, followed by flat road (0.621 GPa) and uphill road (0.62 GPa). The reasons for this are the shifting of the vehicle load to the front wheels together with the braking effect when driving downhill.

Fatigue Life Assessments of the AISI 1513 Carbon Steel Subjected to Road Surface Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Teuku Edisah Putra ◽  
Husaini ◽  
Muhammad Ikbal ◽  
Iskandar Hasanuddin ◽  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Cycles To Failure

The purpose of this work was to predict the fatigue life of the AISI 1513 carbon steel due to the strains measured at a vehicle's lower arm. The strain signals were acquired using a strain gauge installed at the lower arm, and then the car was driven at various road surfaces. On the smooth road surface, the car was driven at a speed of > 70 km/h and on the rough road surface, at a speed of < 20 km/h. The results show that when the vehicle was driven on the rough road, the lower arm received higher stress, which provided a shorter fatigue life. The contour of the road surfaces provided a vertical load, directly working the lower arm and reducing the load vertically. The fatigue life for the rough road surface was 13,050 cycles to failure. This value was 91,195% lower than the fatigue life on the smooth road surface.

Prediction of the Fatigue Life of the SAE 5160 Carbon Steel Coil Spring Based on Strain-Life Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Teuku Edisah Putra ◽  
Husaini ◽  
Hary Prakasa
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Steel Coil ◽  
Cycles To Failure

This study aims to identify the effect of road surface to coil spring fatigue life using the strain-life approach. Strain signals were measured by attaching a strain gauge at the critical point of the component. The car was driven on a flat road, as well as uphill, and downhill paths. The results show that the downhill road provided the lowest fatigue life, of 1.5E+4 cycles to failure, which was 53 % lower than that of the uphill and 2,233 % lower than the flat road owing to the braking factor which resulted in a higher stress to the coil spring.

Tire-Road Interactions — Harmony or Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
A. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Wear

Abstract This is a summary of work by the author and his colleagues, as well as by others reported in the literature, that demonstrate a need for considering a vehicle, its tires, and the road surface as a system. The central theme is interaction at the footprint, especially that of truck tires. Individual and interactive effects of road and tires are considered under the major topics of road aggregate (macroscopic and microscopic properties), development of a novel road surface, safety, noise, rolling resistance, riding comfort, water drainage by both road and tire, development of tire tread compounds and a proving ground, and influence of tire wear on wet traction. A general conclusion is that road surfaces have both the major effect and the greater potential for improvement.

scholarly journals Detection of Road-Surface Anomalies Using a Smartphone Camera and Accelerometer

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Taehee Lee ◽  
Chanjun Chun ◽  
Seung-Ki Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Road Surface Monitoring ◽  
Surface Monitoring ◽  
Acquisition Method

Road surfaces should be maintained in excellent condition to ensure the safety of motorists. To this end, there exist various road-surface monitoring systems, each of which is known to have specific advantages and disadvantages. In this study, a smartphone-based dual-acquisition method system capable of acquiring images of road-surface anomalies and measuring the acceleration of the vehicle upon their detection was developed to explore the complementarity benefits of the two different methods. A road test was conducted in which 1896 road-surface images and corresponding three-axis acceleration data were acquired. All images were classified based on the presence and type of anomalies, and histograms of the maximum variations in the acceleration in the gravitational direction were comparatively analyzed. When the types of anomalies were not considered, it was difficult to identify their effects using the histograms. The differences among histograms became evident upon consideration of whether the vehicle wheels passed over the anomalies, and when excluding longitudinal anomalies that caused minor changes in acceleration. Although the image-based monitoring system used in this research provided poor performance on its own, the severity of road-surface anomalies was accurately inferred using the specific range of the maximum variation of acceleration in the gravitational direction.

scholarly journals Laboratory experiment on the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of road surface oil pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 922-933
Author(s):  
Qing’e Wang ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Huanan Yu ◽  
Luwei Zhao ◽  
Xuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degradation Effect

AbstractOil leak from vehicles is one of the most common pollution types of the road. The spilled oil could be retained on the surface and spread in the air voids of the road, which results in a decrease in the friction coefficient of the road, affects driving safety, and causes damage to pavement materials over time. Photocatalytic degradation through nano-TiO2 is a safe, long-lasting, and sustainable technology among the many methods for treating oil contamination on road surfaces. In this study, the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of road surface oil pollution was evaluated through the lab experiment. First, a glass dish was used as a substrate to determine the basic working condition of the test; then, a test method considering the impact of different oil erosion degrees was proposed to eliminate the effect of oil erosion on asphalt pavement and leakage on cement pavement, which led to the development of a lab test method for the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of oil pollution on different road surfaces.

Failure mode investigation and re-design of heavy-duty commercial vehicle bogie bracket

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
P. Thangapazham ◽  
L.A. Kumaraswamidhas ◽  
D. Muruganandam
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Critical Sections ◽  
Bracket Base ◽  
Base Design

Heavy-duty commercial vehicles play a significant role in commodity logistics. For each of these vehicles, the suspension is the most essential system to support the load and road shock. Bogie type suspension system is employed to safeguard the vehicle from road shock. The bogie bracket is a juncture between the chassis and the axle in the suspension system. The bogie bracket has been identified as a critical part of the suspension system. In the present study, bogie bracket base design and modelling was performed using computer-aided engineering (CAE). The strength of the bogie was tested to identify weaker sections. Design modifications were performed to improve the strength on identified critical sections through reinforcement techniques. A road load data acquisition (RLDA) test was conducted under different road conditions to validate CAE results. Five different rough-road road surfaces were chosen for RLDA testing. Using strain gauges, strain data were acquired during the test. Corresponding stress values were obtained and maximum stress was found in all driving conditions. For the base design bogie bracket, under RLDA test, crack initiation and crack propagation were identified under vertical loads. A reinforced bogie bracket was designed and found to have a higher strength and longer expected life than that of the base design.

Analytical Investigation of Deaerator Steam Inlet Nozzle Corrosion Allowance in a CANDU Station

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Keshavarz ◽  
Andrew K. Ali ◽  
Randy K. Lall
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Flow Accelerated Corrosion

Flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a phenomenon that results in metal loss from piping, vessels and equipment made of carbon steel. This metal loss can lead to stress to occur at the steam inlet nozzle side, where it is located at the side of the deaerator. This paper presents a method to find the thickness critical of the steam inlet nozzle. A Finite Element (FE) model of the pressure vessel head was created to perform a stress analysis using NX Nastran 5.0. By applying materials properties, loads and constraints to the model, the results obtained are required to satisfy the following criterion: vonMises≥SySy=YieldStrength The results obtained from the stress analysis were analyzed to obtain a corrosion allowance and it was compared to the recommended value from a normal deaerator design, which is roughly 0.25 inches. From the FE model, and by continuously reducing the thickness of the nozzle, it was determined that the corrosion allowance is 0.229 inches, and that the percentage error was 8.4%.

scholarly journals Hybrid-Based Analysis Impact on Ransomware Detection for Android Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10976
Author(s):  
Rana Almohaini ◽  
Iman Almomani ◽  
Aala AlKhayer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Hybrid Detection ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Data Files

Android ransomware is one of the most threatening attacks that is increasing at an alarming rate. Ransomware attacks usually target Android users by either locking their devices or encrypting their data files and then requesting them to pay money to unlock the devices or recover the files back. Existing solutions for detecting ransomware mainly use static analysis. However, limited approaches apply dynamic analysis specifically for ransomware detection. Furthermore, the performance of these approaches is either poor or often fails in the presence of code obfuscation techniques or benign applications that use cryptography methods for their APIs usage. Additionally, most of them are unable to detect ransomware attacks at early stages. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid detection system that effectively utilizes both static and dynamic analyses to detect ransomware with high accuracy. For the static analysis, the proposed hybrid system considered more than 70 state-of-the-art antivirus engines. For the dynamic analysis, this research explored the existing dynamic tools and conducted an in-depth comparative study to find the proper tool to integrate it in detecting ransomware whenever needed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid system, we analyzed statically and dynamically over one hundred ransomware samples. These samples originated from 10 different ransomware families. The experiments’ results revealed that static analysis achieved almost half of the detection accuracy—ranging around 40–55%, compared to the dynamic analysis, which reached a 100% accuracy rate. Moreover, this research reports some of the high API classes, methods, and permissions used in these ransomware apps. Finally, some case studies are highlighted, including failed running apps and crypto-ransomware patterns.

Optimal Design of Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Cam Curves Based on UG and ANSYS/LS-DYNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Cang Zhao ◽  
Guang Li Song ◽  
Lei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Polynomial Curve ◽  
Circular Arcs ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Straight Lines

By combining the industrial design software UG and finite element dynamic analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the paper respectively designs the non-linear knitting cams with polynomial curves, and simulates the loop-forming process in the interaction between the cams and needles. Based on comparative analyses, it’s thereby concluded that the polynomial curve has the best performance and is significantly superior to the cam curve composed of straight-lines and circular-arcs; the elements with higher stresses are located above the butt of needle jack and the joint of the jack and latch needle; and the polynomial curve is effective in lowering the maximum stress of the needle.

Finite Element Stress Analysis of Intersection Region of Nozzle and Blind Flange

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 1307-1310
Author(s):  
Jun Hua Dong ◽  
Bing Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Stress Variation ◽  
Finite Element Stress Analysis ◽  
Maximum Stress Intensity ◽  
Variation Rule ◽  
Finite Element Stress

The stress analysis of the intersections region of nozzle & blind flange is implemented by means of FEA. The stress variation rule was obtained and the maximum Stress intensity is at the inside of intersections region of nozzle & blind flange. In accordance with JB4732-1995 (2005 Confirmed edition), the safety of structure was evaluated. The results show that the dimensiom given in the paper can meet the requirement for safety.

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