Influence of Crystallite Size of Nickel and Cobalt Ferrites on the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Buckwheat Straw by Using TGA-FTIR Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Kristīne Lazdovica ◽  
Valdis Kampars
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Dehydration Reaction ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cobalt Ferrites ◽  
Bio Oil

Pyrolysis of buckwheat straw with or without catalysts was investigated using the TGA-FTIR method to determine the influence of nickel and cobalt ferrites on the distribution of pyrolysis products. According to the obtained results, the overall shape of the thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric curves is unchanged in the presence of nickel and cobalt ferrites but different weight losses were observed. All catalysts contribute to the formation of solid residue from BWS pyrolysis. The presence of cobalt ferrites exhibited the highest bio-oil yields, whereas the highest non-condensable gas yield and the lowest bio-oil yield was obtained with the addition of NiFe2O4 (1) catalyst. According to the obtained results, the ability of nickel and cobalt ferrites to catalyze deoxygenation reactions depends on the crystallite size. The nickel or cobalt ferrites with smaller crystallite size (15-22 nm) show a higher ability to catalyzed dehydration reaction than catalysts with larger crystallite size (45-54 nm).

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

scholarly journals Bio-oil yield potential of some tropical woody biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund C Okoroigwe ◽  
Zhenglong Li ◽  
Shantanu Kelka ◽  
Christopher Saffron ◽  
Samuel Onyegegbu
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Six tropical biomass samples namely: Ogbono wood (Irvingia wombolu), Mango wood (Mangifera indica), Neem wood (Azadiracta indica), Ogbono shell (Irvingia wombolu), Ogirisi wood (Neubouldia laevis) and Tropical Almond wood (Terminalia catappa) were pyrolyzed in a bench scale screw reactor at 450oC. The physicochemical properties of the samples were determined prior to the pyrolysis experiments. The bio-oil and bio-char produced were similarly characterized using standard procedures established by American Standard and Test Methods (ASTM). The highest bio-oil yield of 66 wt% and least bio-oil yield of 53 wt% were obtained from Neem wood and Tropical Almond wood respectively. The characterization results of the products show that even though the moisture content of the bio-oil was quite higher than those of the original feedstock, their higher heating values were higher than those of the parent feedstock. Both characterization results show that the feedstock and their fast pyrolysis products are good materials for bioenergy production. The Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of the bio-oil shows the presence of useful chemicals such as phenols and levoglucosan, which could be harnessed for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Multi-parametric optimization of the catalytic pyrolysis of pig hair into bio-oil

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Henry Oghenero Orugba ◽  
Jeremiah Lekwuwa Chukwuneke ◽  
Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe ◽  
Innocent Eteli Digitemie
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Temperature Heating

Abstract The low yield and poor fuel properties of bio-oil have made the pyrolysis production process uneconomic and also limited bio-oil usage. Proper manipulation of key pyrolysis variables is paramount in order to produce high-quality bio-oil that requires less upgrading. In this research, the pyrolysis of pig hair was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor using a calcium oxide catalyst derived from calcination of turtle shells. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of three variables—temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight—on two responses—bio-oil yield and its higher heating value (HHV)—were investigated using Response Surface Methodology. A second-order regression-model equation was obtained for each response. The optimum yield of the bio-oil and its HHV were obtained as 51.03% and 21.87 mJ/kg, respectively, at 545oC, 45.17oC/min and 2.504 g of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight, respectively. The high R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9527, respectively, obtained for the bio-oil yield and its HHV models using analysis of variance revealed that the models can adequately predict the bio-oil yield and its HHV from the pyrolysis process.

scholarly journals Aromatics Production With Cobalt-Modified Ultra-Stable Y Zeolites As Catalysts In Catalytic Pyrolysis of Ginkgo Biloba Residue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Yu ◽  
Khurram yousaf ◽  
Fuyang Tian ◽  
Jialin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Y Zeolites ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor

Abstract The current research studied the performance of novel and cheap catalysts, ultra-stable Y zeolites (USY) and cobalt-modified USY for the efficient production of aromatics from the ginkgo Biloba residue (GBR) using a pyrolysis reactor. Cobalt-modified USY improved the quality of the pyrolysis products e.g. removed unwanted impurities from bio-oil, increased the yield of gases, and overall boosted the GBR conversion. Under the action of USY modified with cobalt, the yield of CO, CH4, and CO2 in the gas production increased significantly, while the yield of H2 was dropped. The selectivity of naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene gradually decreased. The composition of aromatic hydrocarbons was reduced, while the content and selectivity ratios of toluene and xylene were increased. This study describes a high-value method using GBR, which could be used as a sustainable resource for the production of hydrocarbons, especially for the preparation of high-quality toluene and phenols.

scholarly journals Enhancement of bio-oil yield and selectivity and kinetic study of catalytic pyrolysis of rice straw over transition metal modified ZSM-5 catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 324-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghui Liang ◽  
Hervan Marion Morgan ◽  
Yujing Liu ◽  
Aiping Shi ◽  
Hanwu Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Preparation of dolomite-based porous ceramics with Al2O3-loading as the heat carrier for biomass catalytic pyrolysis

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5234-5247
Author(s):  
Yaya Liu ◽  
Shanjian Liu ◽  
Weidong Liu ◽  
Dongmei Bi ◽  
Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Open Porosity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

In biomass pyrolysis engineering, it is important to develop an industrial catalyst with efficient activity, high selectivity, and a long working life. Dolomite-based porous ceramics were considered in this work. The influence of total corn flour content on the open porosity, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of dolomite-based porous ceramics was investigated. In order to enhance the catalytic activity, dolomite-based porous ceramics were impregnated with an Al2(SO4)3 solution to load the Al2O3 catalyst. Catalytic fast pyrolysis experiments using corn stalk were conducted with the aforementioned catalyst. The bio-oil yield increased as the open porosity of the dolomite-based porous ceramics increased. The pyrolysis bio-oil yield decreased as the Al2(SO4)3 concentration increased. The phenol content in the bio-oil increased as the Al2O3 load increased. Aluminum oxide not only promoted the formation of phenols in the bio-oil, but it also promoted the conversion of phenols, e.g., 4-ethylphenol and 2, 6-dimethoxy-phenol. The results demonstrated that Al2O3 was beneficial for the formation of phenols during pyrolysis. The results detailing the preparation of Al2O3 loaded dolomite-based porous ceramics can provide a reference for large-scale biomass pyrolysis projects.

scholarly journals Correlation between persistent free radicals of biochar and bio-oil yield at different pyrolysis temperatures

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1384-1396
Author(s):  
Mei Jiang ◽  
Dongmei Bi ◽  
Fupeng Huang ◽  
Jiqiang Wang ◽  
Bozheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature

Biomass pyrolysis technology has important developmental prospects for biofuels and chemicals. Biochar as one of main pyrolysis products has excellent performance in soil improvement and adsorption of harmful elements. The environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in corn stalk powder and biochar obtained by pyrolysis at different temperatures were tested by electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. After pyrolysis treatment, the biochar had a large number of stable free radicals. With increased pyrolysis temperature, the peak width of the free radicals signal in biochar decreased remarkably, and the widest peak of free radicals signal in biochar was presented at 450 °C, which was 0.69×10-4 T. The g-factor of free radicals in biochar decreased continuously as the temperature increased, while the peak height of free radicals first increased and then decreased. The peak height at 600 °C was only 23.8% of the peak height at 500 °C. The concentration of EPFRs in biochar increased with the increase of temperature from 450 °C to 500 °C, while it decreased at higher temperature (>500 °C). This phenomenon was similar to the trend of bio-oil collection efficiency. The experimental results showed a correlation between EPFRs of biochar and bio-oil yield at different pyrolysis temperatures.

scholarly journals Effects of torrefaction pretreatment and Mg-Al modified HZSM-5 catalysts on components distribution in bio-oils from camphorwood pyrolysis

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3706-3717
Author(s):  
Wei-Dong Liu ◽  
Shan-Jian Liu ◽  
Yong-Jun Li ◽  
An Zhao ◽  
Dong-Mei Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Maximum Content

Torrefaction pretreatment conducted at a low temperature is an important technique for refining the bio-oil and improving the production of some chemicals in the bio-oil (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbons). In this work, the effects of torrefaction temperature and catalysts on the yields of pyrolysis products and components distribution in the bio-oils were analyzed. The weak acid sites shifted to higher temperature as the HZSM-5 was modified by Mg2+ or Al3+. The catalytic pyrolysis from camphorwood was done at pyrolysis of 450 °C and torrefaction temperature of 200 °C. The catalysts remarkably influenced the yields of bio-oil and components distribution. The catalysts increased the production of phenols. The content of phenols in the resulting bio-oil exhibited the following trend: HZSM-5 < MgO-modified HZSM-5 < Al2O3-modified HZSM-5. In addition, the content of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol was the highest among all phenol components (5.58%). The production of aldehydes was remarkably improved by the Al2O3-modified HZSM-5, resulting in a maximum content of 8.21%. Thus the torrefaction temperature and catalysts would refine the bio-oil (such as the acid value decreased) and significantly improve the contents of components (such as D-allose, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propeny)-phenol, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol). The results provide a theoretical basis for the resource recovery of biomass.

scholarly journals Effect of Ceria Addition to Na2O-ZrO2 Catalytic Mixtures on Lignin Waste Ex-Situ Pyrolysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Adam Yeardley ◽  
Giuseppe Bagnato ◽  
Aimaro Sanna
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Remarkable Reduction

Waste lignin is a potential source of renewable fuels and other chemical precursors under catalytic pyrolysis. For this purpose, four mixed metal oxide catalytic mixtures (Cat) derived from Na2CO3, CeO2 and ZrO2 were synthesised in varying compositions and utilised in a fixed bed reactor for catalytic vapour upgrading of Etek lignin pyrolysis products at 600 °C. The catalytic mixtures were analysed and characterised using XRD analysis, whilst pyrolysis products were analysed for distribution of products using FTIR, GC-MS and EA. Substantial phenolic content (20 wt%) was obtained when using equimolar catalytic mixture A (Cat_A), however the majority of these phenols were guaiacol derivatives, suggesting the catalytic mixture employed did not favour deep demethoxylation. Despite this, addition of 40–50% ceria to NaZrO2 resulted in a remarkable reduction of coke to 4 wt%, compared to ~9 wt% of NaZrO2. CeO2 content higher than 50% favoured the increase in conversion of the holo-cellulose fraction, enriching the bio-oil in aldehydes, ketones and cyclopentanones. Of the catalytic mixtures studied, equimolar metal oxides content (Cat_A) appears to showcase the optimal characteristics for phenolics production and coking reduction.

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