A Safe Use of Explosives by Parting into a Small Amount of Powder

2007 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Masaharu Fujiwara ◽  
Kazuhito Fujiwara ◽  
Tetsuyuki Hiroe ◽  
Hidehiro Hata
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
High Explosives ◽  
Wire Explosion ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Safe Handling ◽  
Successive Initiation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Impact Damages

High explosives are useful material to generate great amount of energy in short time. Since controlling their releasing energy is hard, the use of explosive is limited to breaking and crushing the tough structures and processing of bulk materials. However, the reduction of mass of the explosive powders in a process and the arrangement of pellets with constant intervals provide us the safe handling, and then those lead the new utility of the explosion, while there are some difficulties encountered when a small amount of explosive powder is used, such as the initiation regularity of explosives and the protection of mechanical parts from impact damages. In this paper, the successive initiation of small explosive was tested by means of the wire explosion that is generated by the instant release of electric energy from high volt capacitors, and the successful results were obtained under the controlled condition. The damages of surrounding devices were avoided by using of the initiating head of the device that had small chamber isolated from the outer atmospheric environment.

Implementation of medium voltage remote controlled switches to improve quality performance indexes – a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Santos ◽  
Wagner Santos ◽  
Guilherme Cestaro ◽  
Marcio Zamboti Fortes ◽  
Henrique Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Operation Center

AbstractThe growing demand for quality in the Energy Distribution Service, both by consumers and by regulatory agencies, obliges most distribution utilities to apply technologies that can be easily implemented and produce results in a short term horizon. The telecontrol technology is an essential tool every time it is necessary to fast restore the energy supply. This technology, which is completely supervised and controlled by the system operation center, allows the fast detection of a fault at a distance and switch an equipment without the aid of the operating crew, thus reducing the time that the power supply is unavailable. The present paper describes a Telecontrol Project, incorporated in an electric energy distribution utility in Brazil and compares the results in quality improvement with others usual investment actions, such as operating and maintenance procedures, laterals protection and network reinforcement. This paper shows, analyzing the results, that to improve the reliability indexes in a short time, when the company’s economic recovery is more important, the application of remotely controlled switch is more effective.

scholarly journals Post-drying of energy sorrel in a grate stock

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
P. Hutla ◽  
J. Mazancová
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Short Time

Energy sorrel is a crop with high-yield potential and belongs among the most promissing energy crop for the Czech Republic. The suitable processing technology is harvest by the harvesting cutter with subsequent short-time storage and post-drying of chopped material in the large-capacity hayloft. For chopped sorrel were found-out hydraulic air losses during its passing through the stored layer and they were compared with values for stored forage. Two methods of drying ventilators controlling in the large-capacity heyloft were compared with the regime of time switching within chopped sorrel drying. Electric energy comsumption for ventilators drive in different regimes depends on water content in the material. Method of ventilators or time switching controlling has no effect on drying process result, thus even on water content reduction in the dried material. Under operational conditions the possibility of the chopped energy sorrel in large-capacity heyloft was verified.

scholarly journals FEATURES AND WAYS OF DECARBONIZATION ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (444) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
B. K. Aliyarov ◽  
◽  
M. Zh. Zhurinov ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Short Time

The article emphasizes the inevitability of the formation of CO2 in the production of thermal and electric energy with the combustion of fossil fuel and analyzes the sources of carbon dioxide generation at power facilities in Kazakhstan. Technologies for the production of electrical and thermal energy with reduced generation of carbon dioxide, which are being implemented in a short time, are discussed. A possible method for quantifying the level of CO2 emissions for the conditions of Kazakhstan is shown, through the use of the specific consumption of conventional (carbon) fuels for production as a unit of thermal energy and / or electricity. A number of available and relatively cheap technological solutions are presented, which, when implemented, can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It is noted that these technologies can be implemented administratively and economically, and the formulations of the required decisions of the Government are given. For each of the proposed technologies, an assessment of possible volumes of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is given and difficulties that may be encountered during implementation are indicated. A scheme for determining the degree of participation of a particular country in global carbonation is considered and it is shown that, depending on the method of "spreading" the total volume of emissions of a particular country, one and the same country can be both among prosperous countries and among a number of countries to which it is necessary to apply strict "carbon" taxes. It is noted that the determination of the share of a particular country in the form of emissions per unit area of the country's territory seems to be more "fair" taking into account the global nature of pollution.

A Study on an Initiation Technique of Small Amount of Explosive

2011 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Yusuke Aoki ◽  
Kazuhito Fujiwara ◽  
Tetsuyuki Hiroe ◽  
Hidehiro Hata
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Power Supply Unit ◽  
High Explosives ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Metallic Foil ◽  
Powder Mass ◽  
Short Time

High explosives are useful material to generate great amount of energy in short time.　Since controlling their releasing energy is hard, the use of explosive is limited to specific fields and industries. However, the reduction of the explosive powder mass uses at a time makes the handling safe. And use of explosives in a continuous producing process leads the new utility of the explosion. Based on this concept, we enclosed small mass explosives with a polyethylene sheet and initiate them by using metallic foil explosion. We have also developed the system that can generate small explosion continuously. Since it was not easy to initiate a small amount of explosive steady, we had initiated them by metallic foil explosion using a power-supply unit of capacitor bank with 2500J (20kV). In present study, we tested the initiation of a small amount of explosive using a comparatively small power-supply unit of capacitor bank with 4.5J (600V) and that of 2J (1kV) to apply to the general use. In this paper, result of experiments and the conclusions are shown. We observed the perfectness of explosion by using omnidirectional microphone. It is concluded that initiation of explosives enclosed with polyethylene sheet by small power supply unit at 2J (1kV) is possible, while the explosion was not perfect.

scholarly journals Perancangan Robot Pemadam Api Wall Follower Beroda dengan Metode Fuzzy Logic (Studi Kasus : Simulasi Kebakaran pada Komplek Perumahan Citraland Kota Palu)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albrecht Yordanus Erwin Dodu ◽  
Amriana Amriana ◽  
Firmansyah Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Robot Programming ◽  
Fire Extinguisher ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Target Zone ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Reliable Design ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Rule Inference

<p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em>One of the problems that robots can do in helping humans is putting out fires. This job requires a fast reaction, because fire can be avoided if the fire has not spread. Fire problems can be reduced if the source of the fire can be found first and extinguished in a short time. This research aims to design a prototype of a wheeled fire extinguisher robot by designing electronic components, mechanical parts and motion actuators on the robot and applying Sugeno fuzzy logic as the basis for the control system algorithm where the process starts from fuzzification, rule inference then defuzzification, and using the Wall Follower method as a method for navigation, because to support the optimum performance of the robot, a navigation system and a reliable design are needed. This robot uses the Arduino mega2560 as a microcontroller board, the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 as a distance gauge, the fire sensor as a hotspot detector and the line sensor as a differentiator between home and target zone, while the software used in the robot programming is Arduino IDE. Robot testing is made using the blackbox method and aims whether the robot can extinguish the fire or not. The achievements of the results of this study are, implementing the fuzzy logic and wall follower method on fire-fighting robots so that the robot can search on arenas, extinguish fires on candles, stop and maintain an autonomous distance from walls.</em><em> </em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Robot, arduino,  fire extinguisher, Sugeno fuzzy logic, wall follower</em></p><p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em>Salah satu masalah yang dapat dikerjakan robot dalam membantu manusia adalah memadamkan api. Pekerjaan ini membutuhkan reaksi yang cepat, karena kebakaran dapat dihindari apabila api belum menyebar. Masalah kebakaran dapat dikurangi apabila sumber api dapat ditemukan terlebih dahulu dan dipadamkan dalam waktu yang singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah prototype robot pemadam api beroda mulai dengan merancang komponen – komponen elektronika, bagian mekanik serta aktuator gerak pada robot dan merapkan metode fuzzy logic Sugeno sebagai basis algoritma sistem kontrolnya yang dimana prosesnya dimulai dari fuzzifikasi, rule inferensi kemudian defuzzifikasi, serta menggunakan metode Wall Follower sebagai metode untuk navigasinya, dikarenakan untuk menunjang kinerja optimum robot dibutuhkan sistem navigasi serta rancangan yang handal. Robot ini menggunakan Arduino mega2560 sebagai board mikrokontroller, sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 sebagai pengukur jarak, sensor api sebagai pendeteksi titik api dan sensor garis sebagai pembeda antara home dan target zone, sedangkan software yang digunakan dalam memogram robot adalah Arduino IDE. Pengujian robot yang dibuat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode blackbox dan bertujuan apakah robot dapat memadamkan api atau tidak. Capaian dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, mengimplementasikan metode fuzzy logic dan wall follower pada robot pemadam api sehingga robot dapat melakukan penelusuran pada arena, memadamkan titik api pada lilin, berhenti dan menjaga jarak dari dinding secara autonomous.</em></p><strong><em>Kata kunci : </em></strong><em>Robot, arduino, pemadam api, fuzzy logic Sugeno, wall follower</em>

What the replication reformation wrought

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Spellman ◽  
Daniel Kahneman
Keyword(s):  
Reform Movement ◽  
Short Time

AbstractReplication failures were among the triggers of a reform movement which, in a very short time, has been enormously useful in raising standards and improving methods. As a result, the massive multilab multi-experiment replication projects have served their purpose and will die out. We describe other types of replications – both friendly and adversarial – that should continue to be beneficial.

Periodic Variations in the Coronal Green Line Intensity and their Connection with the White-light Coronal Structures

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský ◽  
Vojtech Rušin
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
White Light ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Periodic Intensity ◽  
Coronal Green Line ◽  
Significant Intensity ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe present an analysis of short time-scale intensity variations in the coronal green line as obtained with high time resolution observations. The observed data can be divided into two groups. The first one shows periodic intensity variations with a period of 5 min. the second one does not show any significant intensity variations. We studied the relation between regions of coronal intensity oscillations and the shape of white-light coronal structures. We found that the coronal green-line oscillations occur mainly in regions where open white-light coronal structures are located.

Destruction of Actin Filaments by Osmium Tetroxide

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
P. Maupin-Szamier ◽  
T. D. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Decay ◽  
Short Time

We have studied the destruction of rabbit muscle actin filaments by osmium tetroxide (OSO4) to develop methods which will preserve the structure of actin filaments during preparation for transmission electron microscopy.Negatively stained F-actin, which appears as smooth, gently curved filaments in control samples (Fig. 1a), acquire an angular, distorted profile and break into progressively shorter pieces after exposure to OSO4 (Fig. 1b,c). We followed the time course of the reaction with viscometry since it is a simple, quantitative method to assess filament integrity. The difference in rates of decay in viscosity of polymerized actin solutions after the addition of four concentrations of OSO4 is illustrated in Fig. 2. Viscometry indicated that the rate of actin filament destruction is also dependent upon temperature, buffer type, buffer concentration, and pH, and requires the continued presence of OSO4. The conditions most favorable to filament preservation are fixation in a low concentration of OSO4 for a short time at 0°C in 100mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0.

Effect of a Complex Heat Treatment on the Structure of 300M Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
R. Padmanabhan ◽  
W. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
300M Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Final Tempering ◽  
Similar Yield

Intermediate high temperature tempering prior to subsequent reaustenitization has been shown to double the plane strain fracture toughness as compared to conventionally heat treated UHSLA steels, at similar yield strength levels. The precipitation (during tempering) of metal carbides and their subsequent partial redissolution and refinement (during reaustenitization), in addition to the reduction in the prior austenite grain size during the cycling operation have all been suggested to contribute to the observed improvement in the mechanical properties. In this investigation, 300M steel was initially austenitized at 1143°K and then subjected to intermediate tempering at 923°K for 1 hr. before reaustenitizing at 1123°K for a short time and final tempering at 583°K. The changes in the microstructure responsible for the improvement in the properties have been studied and compared with conventionally heat treated steel. Fig. 1 shows interlath films of retained austenite produced during conventionally heat treatment.

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