Silicon Nitride Ceramics

2008 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Hampshire
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Boundary Chemistry ◽  
Good Creep Resistance

Silicon nitride is one of the major structural ceramics that has been developed following many years of intensive research. It possesses high flexural strength, high fracture resistance, good creep resistance, high hardness and excellent wear resistance. These properties arise from the processing of the ceramic by liquid phase sintering and the development of microstructures in which high aspect ratio grains and intergranular glass phase lead to excellent fracture toughness and high strength. The glass phase softens at high temperature and controls the creep rate of the ceramic. The purpose of this review is to examine the development of silicon nitride and the related sialons and their processing into a range of high-grade structural ceramic materials. The development of knowledge of microstructure–property relationships in silicon nitride materials is outlined, particularly recent advances in understanding the effects of grain boundary chemistry and structure on mechanical properties. This review should be of interest to scientists and engineers concerned with the processing and use of ceramics for structural engineering applications.

Mechanical Properties of Si3N4 Ceramics Prepared by Nitrided Pressureless Sintered (NPS) Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1461-1464
Author(s):  
Chang Gyu Kang ◽  
Joong Gwun Park ◽  
Tae Won Kang ◽  
Chul Kim ◽  
Tae Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Silicon Nitride Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Components

As an alternative to degassing pipe and rotor blade using in molten aluminum industry, we investigate the mechanical properties of silicon nitride ceramic components prepared by nitrided pressureless sintered (NPS) process, which process is the continuous process of nitridation reaction process combined with pressureless sintering. Mechanical properties of silicon nitride prepared by NPS process with sintering additives of 5wt% Y2O3, 5wt% Al2O3 and 20wt% Si show high strength, >500 MPa, high hardness, 12.6 GPa, and superior damage tolerances with high fracture toughness, 9.8 MPam1/2.

Micro Machining of Nonconductive Al2O3 Ceramic on Developed TW-ECSM Setup

2012 ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Alakesh Manna ◽  
Amandeep Kundal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Al2o3 Ceramic ◽  
Advanced Ceramic

Advanced ceramic materials are gradually becoming very important for their superior properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and high strength to weight ratio. But machining of advanced ceramic like Al2O3-ceramics is very difficult by any well known and common machining processes. Normally, cleavages and triangular fractures generate when machining of these materials is done by traditional machining methods. It is essential to develop an efficient and accurate machining method for processing advanced ceramic materials. For effective machining of Al2O3-ceramics, a traveling wire electrochemical spark machining (TW-ECSM) setup has been developed. The developed TW-ECSM setup has been utilized to machine Al2O3 ceramic materials and subsequently test results are utilized to analyze the machining performance characteristic. Different SEM photographs show the actual condition of the micro machined surfaces. The practical research analysis and test results on the machining of Al2O3 ceramics by developed TWECSM setup will provide a new guideline to the researchers and manufacturing engineers.

Micro Machining of Nonconductive Al2O3 Ceramic on Developed TW-ECSM Setup

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Alakesh Manna ◽  
Amandeep Kundal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Al2o3 Ceramic ◽  
Advanced Ceramic

Advanced ceramic materials are gradually becoming very important for their superior properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and high strength to weight ratio. But machining of advanced ceramic like Al2O3-ceramics is very difficult by any well known and common machining processes. Normally, cleavages and triangular fractures generate when machining of these materials is done by traditional machining methods. It is essential to develop an efficient and accurate machining method for processing advanced ceramic materials. For effective machining of Al2O3-ceramics, a traveling wire electrochemical spark machining (TW-ECSM) setup has been developed. The developed TW-ECSM setup has been utilized to machine Al2O3 ceramic materials and subsequently test results are utilized to analyze the machining performance characteristic. Different SEM photographs show the actual condition of the micro machined surfaces. The practical research analysis and test results on the machining of Al2O3 ceramics by developed TWECSM setup will provide a new guideline to the researchers and manufacturing engineers.

Preparation and Characterization of Reaction Sintering B4C/SiC Composite Ceramic

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 536-539
Author(s):  
Hai Bin Sun ◽  
Yu Jun Zhang ◽  
Qi Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Reaction Sintering ◽  
High Fracture

High hardness, high strength, high fracture toughness and low density are required for novel bulletproof materials. B4C/SiC composite ceramic is one of the most potential candidates. In this study, B4C/SiC composite ceramic was prepared by reaction sintering. The influence of B4C content, species and content of carbon, sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of B4C/SiC composite ceramic were studied. A high performance B4C/SiC composite ceramic was sintered at 1750°C for 30 min. Phenolic resin and carbon black were both chosen as carbon sources, whose favorable contents were 10wt%, 5wt%, respectively. The density of sintered bodies reduces with B4C content increases. To some extent, fracture toughness, bending strength improve initially and then deteriorate with the increase of B4C content whose optimal amount is 30wt%. The optimal fracture toughness and bending strength of the B4C/SiC composite ceramic are 5.07MPa·m1/2 and 487MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the Viker-hardness of the sintered body is 30.2GPa, the density is as low as 2.82g/cm3.

A Microstructural Study of Hot Pressed and Reactive Sintered Beta-Silicon Nitride Coated with Alumina

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 735-736
Author(s):  
G. Ghosh ◽  
S. Vaynman ◽  
M. E. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Particle Coating ◽  
Blending Method

Silicon nitride-based or SiAlON ceramics are increasingly being considered for many engineering applications due to their low density, high strength, and high modulus. For many engineering applications SiAlON ceramics are required to have, among many other properties, both high fracture toughness and good tribological properties. Typically, an interlocking microstructure consisted of β-Si3N4 and/or β'-SiAlON grains is produced, by sintering Si3N4 with desirable additive(s), with a residual glassy or partly crystalline grain boundary phase. The fracture process in such a microstructure is predominantly intergranular, the cracks tend to follow a tortuous path. However, the presence of an intergranular glassy phase causes rapid deterioration of properties at temperature above the glass transition temperature. Therefore, in order to improve high-temperature properties of these ceramics it is desirable to minimize, and if possible to eliminate, the intergranular glassy phase. Particle coating techniques are receiving increasing attention as they are convenient ways of incorporating sintering aids/dopants more uniformly than conventional powder blending method.

scholarly journals Contemporary All-ceramic Systems – Part 2

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriharsha Pilathadka ◽  
Dagmar Vahalová
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
All Ceramic

Current all-ceramic materials offer a accepted level of fracture resistance, fit and aesthetics. High fracture resistance recommends it to be a material to support fixed partial denture (FPD) in a stress bearing area with clinical success. This part of the present literature review covers the success rate, selection criteria of all ceramic systems, cementation technique, finishing and polishing. In vitro and in vivo studies of new high strength ceramics were well documented. Data suggest that single crowns in the anterior and posterior region are more predictable than bridges. Well-studied longterm success rate for FPDs are very limited.

Machining of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) and Other Olymeric Materials

2022 ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Fredrick M. Mwema ◽  
Job Maveke Wambua
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Optical Applications

Polymers have been adopted industrially in the manufacture of lenses for optical applications due to their attractive properties such as high hardness, high strength, high ductility, high fracture toughness, and also their low thermal and electrical conductivities. However, they have limited machinability and are therefore classified as hard-to-machine materials. This study conducts a critical review on the machining of various polymers and polymeric materials, with particular focus on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). From the review it was concluded that various machining parameters affect the output qualities of polymers and which include the spindle speed, the feed rate, vibrations, the depth of cut, and the machining environment. These parameters tend to affect the surface roughness, the cutting forces, delamination, cutting temperatures, tool wear, precision, vibrations, material removal rate, and the mechanical properties such as hardness, among others. A multi-objective optimization of these machining parameters is therefore required, especially in the machining of PMMA.

Fabrication of Silicon Nitride-Based Nano/Nano-Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 484 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Jiang Wei Zhang ◽  
Toshiyuki Nishimura ◽  
Naoto Hirosaki
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Nano Size

Silicon nitride/boron nitride nano/nano-composites were prepared by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. The milling promoted the amorphization of starting powders with the presence of many homogeneous distributed nanocrystalline â-Si3N4 particles; most of the BN particles were transformed into nano-size and embedded in the amorphous phase. This, combined with low sintering temperature and rapid densification rate, leads to a uniform nano/nano composite microstructure. The nano-sized BN grains with an average diameter of about 10 nm were homogeneously dispersed in nano-sized (about 70 nm) Si3N4 grain boundaries. The obtained nano/nano composite shows high hardness, high strength, high superplasticity, good heat/corrosion resistance and good tribological properties.

scholarly journals In-vitro & In-vivo Investigation of the Silicon Nitride Ceramic Hip Implant’s Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangpeng Kong ◽  
Xiaosu Hu ◽  
Wei Chai
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Silicon Nitride Ceramic ◽  
Hip Implant ◽  
Total Hip

Abstract Background: With regard to the ceramic hip joint implant, given the concerns in ceramic about the alumina brittleness and zirconia instability, is there any alternative material solution for the orthopaedic implant? Beyond the metastable oxide ceramics, along the echelon of advanced technical ceramics, looking at the non-oxide ceramic, the silicon nitride could be an excellent candidate for the joint implant’s application. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety, effectiveness and to demonstrate the potential of this silicon nitride hip implant. Methods: According to the related ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards, a series of in-vitro (nine) & in-vivo (five) tests, which had been accomplished for the aforementioned aim. Especially, the total hip replacement in pigs had been achieved, as per the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time to apply the THA (Total Hip Arthroplasty) in the big animal. Results: Refer to the ISO 6474-2, in comparison with the current monopolized German product, this silicon nitride ceramic hip implant has high strength, high hardness, excellent fracture toughness, lower density, better wear resistance, good biocompatibility, inherent stability, corrosion resistance and bioactivity, bone integration capability. Conclusions: This silicon nitride ceramic will be an admirable alternative solution with superior comprehensive property that can withstand the toughest conditions in the most demanding applications like in orthopedic and beyond.

Development of Trends and Methodologies for Shaping Ceramics by Electrical Discharge Machining: A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Rashid ◽  
Muhammad P. Jahan ◽  
Asma Perveen ◽  
Jianfeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Hard And Brittle Materials ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Ceramic materials possess excellent properties like high hardness, superior corrosion resistance and great resistance to wear. These materials are low in density and demonstrate high strength to wear ratio. There is an increasing need to machine these hard and brittle materials as they have various engineering applications. The distinguishing properties of ceramics do not allow them to be machined by conventional processes. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non-conventional process and a viable option to machine and generate complex shapes in hard materials. EDM can be used on materials irrespective of its hardness and wear resistance as it is a non-contact machining process and no active force is applied between the workpiece and electrode during machining. As EDM requires the workpiece to be electrically conductive, machining ceramics by this process is a challenge. Alterations need to be carried out in order for insulating ceramics to be machined by this process. This paper discusses the basics of EDM process and its control parameters. A classification of ceramic materials based on their electrical conductivity is established and their relevance to the respective material removal mechanisms have been identified. Different approaches to successfully machine ceramics by EDM have been reviewed. The challenges and modifications of each method have been discussed. An outline and expectations for machining a particular ceramic material and its composites have been generated. Finally, the prospects of future research in this area have been identified.

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