Effect of PE Film Degradation Products on the Carbon Dioxide Content of Soil: A Mathematical Study

The increasing use of the PE plastic film means increasing problems of the soil environmental destroy. In order to investigate the effect of PE film degradation products on the carbon dioxide content of soil, degradation products of the PE film with different molecular weight were added in three kinds of soil respectively, and corns were cultivated in the soil. FTIR gas checkout equipment was utilized to monitor changes of the carbon dioxide content of the different soil. A Mathematical model was built with the recorded data to depict variation of the carbon dioxide content. The results showed that the CO2 content is high in the sandy soil with degradation products of PE plastic films (molecular weight of 5000 Da) . It is also high in the clay soil and loam soil with degradation products of PE (molecular weight of 2000 Da). Compared to the control group (LLDPE), it can be found that small molecular weight PE plastic films have a greater effect on the CO2 content. Thus, it is deduced that small molecular weight PE plastic films are degradable in the soil.

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Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria and their application on food as biopreservatives. (II)

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15221 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

J. METAXOPOULOS (Ι. ΜΕΤΑΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽

M. MATARAGAS (M. ΜΑΤΑΡΑΓΚΑΣ) ◽

E. H. DROSINOS (Ε.Χ. ΔΡΟΣΙΝΟΣ)

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Inhibitory Spectrum ◽

Protective Cultures

Lactic acid bacteria produce a variety of small molecular weight compounds, which have antimicrobial properties. Such substances are: organic acids, alcohols, carbon dioxide, diacetyl, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. Many of these compounds have a wide inhibitory spectrum but the bacteriocins are able to inhibit species, namely, related with the bacteriocin-producing strain. In the last years bacteriocins have gained a lot of concern because some of them are able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, like Listeria monocytogenes. The term "biopreservation" refers to the extension of storage life, as well as to the enhancement of the food safety, using the bacteriocin-producing lactic acid strains or their metabolic antibacterial products. In this review will be reported bacteriocins, which are produced by the lactic acid bacteria and will be discussed the potential application of the bacteriocinogenic strains or their bacteriocins on the foods, as protective cultures or as protective compounds, respectively.

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ACIDOSIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS DUE TO LACTIC ACID

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.27.6.921 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 921-930

Author(s):

Herbert I. Goldman ◽

Samuel Karelitz ◽

Eli Seifter ◽

Hedda Acs ◽

Norman B. Schell

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbon Dioxide Content ◽

Appreciable Change ◽

Skimmed Milk ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Poor Weight Gain

Sixteen premature infants were fed a proprietary lactic-acid milk preparation for 7 to 10 days and were compared to 16 control infants fed non-acidified half-skimmed milk. The experimental group gained less weight (6.5 gm/kg/day) than the controls (14.0 gm/kg/day). This poor weight gain in the experimental group was associated with the production of a metabolic acidosis, the average blood pH decreasing from 7.39 to 7.25, and the average carbon dioxide content in plasma decreasing from 19.6 to 14.8 meq/l. Corresponding averages in the control group showed no appreciable change. A similar study was carried out in six pairs of premature infants, with a formula of half-skimmed milk compared with the identical formula to which lactic acid was added. The results were similar to those in the first study with regard to the poor weight gain and decrease in carbon dioxide content in plasma of the infants fed the acidified milk. Addition of lactic acid to the feeding mixture was followed by a prompt increase in excretion of lactate in the urine, which corresponded to approximately 4% of the lactic acid fed. In four premature infants, 24-hour urine collections demonstrated an increase in excretion of sodium and ammonia, associated with the increased excretion of lactate. The increase in excretion of lactate is considered the major mechanism responsible for the observed acidosis. Studies with intravenous injection of racemic sodium lactate failed to show any deficiency in lactate metabolism in the premature infants. It is suggested that lactic-acid milks not be used for premature infants.

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Multifunctional small molecular weight compounds from Peltiphyllum Peltatum: From antioxicant to neuroprotection and antidiabetic effects

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1320362 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

Author(s):

S Habtemariam

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Antidiabetic Effects

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Permeability Enhancing and Chemotactic Activities of Lower Molecular Weight Degradation Products of Human Fibrinogen

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650136 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (01) ◽

pp. 090-094 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Katsuo Sueishi ◽

Shigeru Nanno ◽

Kenzo Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Electron Microscopic Observation ◽

Chemotactic Activity ◽

Lower Molecular Weight ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Human Fibrinogen ◽

Rabbit Skin ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Active Fragments

SummaryFibrinogen degradation products were investigated for leukocyte chemotactic activity and for enhancement of vascular permeability. Both activities increased progressively with plasmin digestion of fibrinogen. Active fragments were partially purified from 24 hr-plasmin digests. Molecular weights of the permeability increasing and chemotactic activity fractions were 25,000-15,000 and 25,000 respectively. Both fractions had much higher activities than the fragment X, Y, D or E. Electron microscopic observation of the small blood vessels in rabbit skin correlated increased permeability with the formation of characteristic gaps between adjoining endothelial cells and their contraction.These findings suggest that lower molecular weight degradation products of fibrinogen may be influential in contributing to granulocytic infiltration and enhanced permeability in lesions characterized by deposits of fibrin and/or fibrinogen.

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Peritoneal Fluid and Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656331 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (02) ◽

pp. 102-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

P J Dörr ◽

E J P Brommer ◽

G Dooijewaard ◽

H M Vemer

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Peritoneal Fluid ◽

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

High Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

The Difference ◽

Fibrinolytic Parameters

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that the fibrinolytic activity of peritoneum is depressed in local inflammation. We measured fibrinolytic parameters in peritoneal fluid and in plasma of 10 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Nine women, in whom laparoscopy for sterilisation was performed, served as a control group.In the peritoneal fluid of women with PID, PAI-Ag, t-PA-Ag and u-PA-Ag were many times higher than in the control group. In contrast to the antigens which may be present in inert complexes, the potentially active compounds, measured as t-PA activity and plasmin-activable scu-PA, were not significantly different in the two groups, and in none of the samples was the active enzyme tcu-PA detectable. Nevertheless, the mean peritoneal fluid TDP and FbDP concentrations were about twenty times higher in the PID group than in the control group. In plasma of PID patients, none of the parameters except u-PA-Ag differed from those in the control group. The difference between control and patient plasma u-PA-Ag was statistically significant, but too small to attach any relevance to the observation.Our data suggest that, in contrast to the classical concept of decreased fibrinolytic activity as a cause of adhesion formation, intraperitoneal fibrinolysis is enhanced in peritoneal inflammation through stimulation of the local production of t-PA and u-PA. Despite concomitant production of PAI, fibrinolysis occurs at a high rate, resulting in high levels of fibrin degradation products. Since this activated fibrinolysis does not meet the demand, therapeutic enhancement should be considered to prevent adhesions.

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Systemic Thrombin Generation and Activity Resistant to Low Molecular Weight Heparin Administered Prior to Streptokinase in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655907 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (01) ◽

pp. 057-061 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dennis W T Nilsen ◽

Lasse Gøransson ◽

Alf-Inge Larsen ◽

Øyvind Hetland ◽

Peter Kierulf

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Body Weight ◽

Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽

Troponin T ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb

SummaryOne hundred patients were included in a randomized open trial to assess the systemic factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin inhibitory effect as well as the safety profile of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) given subcutaneously in conjunction with streptokinase (SK) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). The treatment was initiated prior to SK, followed by repeated injections every 12 h for 7 days, using a dose of 150 anti-Xa units per kg body weight. The control group received unfractionated heparin (UFH) 12,500 IU subcutaneously every 12 h for 7 days, initiated 4 h after start of SK infusion. All patients received acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) initiated prior to SK.Serial blood samples were collected prior to and during the first 24 h after initiation of SK infusion for determination of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (Fl+2), thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and cardiac enzymes. Bleeding complications and adverse events were carefully accounted for.Infarct characteristics, as judged by creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), were similar in both groups of patients.A comparable transient increase in Fl+2, TAT and FPA was noted irrespective of heparin regimen. Increased anti-Xa activity in patients given LMWH prior to thrombolytic treatment had no impact on indices of systemic thrombin activation.The incidence of major bleedings was significantly higher in patients receiving LMWH as compared to patients receiving UFH. However, the occurrence of bleedings was modified after reduction of the initial LMWH dose to 100 anti-Xa units per kg body weight.In conclusion, systemic FXa- and thrombin activity following SK-infusion in patients with acute MI was uninfluenced by conjunctive LMWH treatment.

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Chemical attack on concrete. Determination of aggressive carbon dioxide content in water

10.3403/30153243 ◽

2007 ◽

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Content ◽

Chemical Attack

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Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0211 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 277-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Gomólka ◽

B. Gomólka

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Carbonic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Flue Gases ◽

Carbon Dioxide Content ◽

Patent Claim ◽

Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

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Favorable Effects of Astaxanthin on Brain Damage due to Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200219121600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 214-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esra Cakir ◽

Ufuk Cakir ◽

Cuneyt Tayman ◽

Tugba Taskin Turkmenoglu ◽

Ataman Gonel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Brain Damage ◽

Neurological Deficit ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Control Group ◽

Cortex Cell

Background: Activated inflammation and oxidant stress during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) lead to brain damage. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a type of carotenoid with a strong antioxidant effect. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ASX on brain IRI. Methods: A total of 42 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups as control (n=14) group, IRI (n=14) group and IRI + ASX (n=14) group. Cerebral ischemia was instituted by occluding middle cerebral artery for 120 minutes and subsequently, reperfusion was performed for 48 hours. Oxidant parameter levels and protein degradation products were evaluated. Hippocampal and cortex cell apoptosis, neuronal cell count, neurological deficit score were evaluated. Results: In the IRI group, oxidant parameter levels and protein degradation products in the tissue were increased compared to control group. However, these values were significantly decreased in the IRI + ASX group (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in hippocampal and cortex cell apoptosis and a significant increase in the number of neuronal cells in the IRI + ASX group compared to the IRI group alone (p<0.05). The neurological deficit score which was significantly lower in the IRI group compared to the control group was found to be significantly improved in the IRI + ASX group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Astaxanthin protects the brain from oxidative damage and reduces neuronal deficits due to IRI injury.

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