Effect of Bentonite Addition on Geopolymer Concrete from Geothermal Silica

2016 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus ◽  
Joshepine Hulu ◽  
Gede S.P. Dalton ◽  
Elsa Malinda ◽  
Rizal Agung Prakosa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Temperature Optimization ◽  
Alkaline Activator

Silica scaling is one of major problems in geothermal power plant. Silica recovery is a promising method to solve this particular problem in regard to silica utilization as geopolimer concrete. In this experimental study, bentonite was used as raw alumina source. Experiments were conducted by means observing the geopolymerization through alkaline activator ratio, raw material ratio, and temperature optimization. After mixing and casting for 24 hours, samples were cured at 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C for certain period of time and kept at room temperature for 7 days before compressive strength test. The optimum curing time and temperature gained from this experiment were 120 minutes and 100°C with compressive strength of 29.16 MPa. The development of geopolymer bond and microstructure of samples were then investigated by SEM technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis also showed better improvement in geopolymer layer of concrete sample with increasing curing temperature.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Geopolymer from Inorganic Construction Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbind Pathak ◽  
Vinay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Alumino Silicate

Recently, the demolition of old houses and the construction of new buildings in Kathmandu valley are in the peak which in turn generates a huge amount of construction waste. There are two major types of construction wastes which are burden for disposal namely cement-sand-waste (CSW) and the coal fly ash (CFA). These construction wastes are rich source of alumino-silicate and thus used as raw material for the synthesis of geopolymer in this study. Geopolymers have been synthesized from CSW and CFA using NaOH-KOH and Na2SiO3 as activators. Some parameters like alkali concentration, amount of Na2SiO3 and curing time have been varied in order to improve the quality of geopolymeric product. The geopolymerization process has been carried out using 3-8M KOH/NaOH solutions, Na2SiO3 to CFA and CSW mass ratio of 0.25-2.00 and curing time variation from 5-28 days. The curing temperature was fixed at 40ºC in all the cases. 6M NaOH and 7M KOH solutions were found appropriate alkali concentrations while the ratio of sodium silicate to CSW and CFA of 0.5 and 1.75 respectively were found suitable mass ratio for the process of geopolymer synthesis. The maximum compressive strength of only 7.3 MPa after 15 days curing time with CSW raw material was achieved while with CFA, the compressive strength was found to be 41.9 MPa with increasing the curing time up to 28 days.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9334Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  45-51 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013    

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KUAT TEKAN BATA PLASTIK BERJENIS POLYPROPYLENE (PP) POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) DAN HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 019
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridho Reksi ◽  
Dian Rahayu Jati ◽  
Yulisa Fitrianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
High Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Markup Pricing

AbstractPlastic waste needs attention because it can cause serious problems if not managed properly. Of the various types of plastics, the most widely disposed of to the environment are Polypropylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, and High-Density Polyethylene which are usually in the form of plastic bags and bottles. This research was conducted to make bricks made of plastic as an alternative material for infrastructure that is economical, strong, and durable, which is seen based on the compressive strength value based on its type, namely PP, PET, and HDPE plastic bricks. The compressive strength testing phase is carried out three times in each type. The selling price of plastic bricks is determined by the Markup pricing method. The process of plastic brick making includes collecting plastic waste, washing, drying, chopping, melting, and printing. Based on the research results, the plastic bricks produced from the types of PET, HDPE, and PP are in the form of blocks with a size of 19 cm x 10 cm x 6.5 cm, where the PET type brick requires 5.1 kg of waste, 3.6 kg of HDPE type, and the type of PP as much as 3 kg. The compressive strength test values for PP, PET, and HDPE plastic bricks have met the compressive strength standards based on SNI 15-2094-2000, with the highest average compressive strength test values found in PP plastic bricks of 246 kg/cm², plastic bricks HDPE type 166 kg/cm², and plastic brick type PET 98.7 kg/cm². The selling price of plastic bricks without including the purchase price of plastic as raw material for making plastic bricks (Scenario I) for PP plastic bricks costs Rp1.907,00/brick, PET types Rp3.024,00/brick, and HDPE types Rp3.464,00/brick. While the selling price of plastic bricks by entering the purchase price of plastic as raw material for making plastic bricks (Scenario II) for PP plastic bricks Rp2.867,00/brick, PET type Rp4.624,00/brick, and HDPE type Rp3.944,00/brick.Keywords: Compressive Strength, Markup Pricing, Plastic Brick. AbstrakSampah plastik perlu mendapatkan perhatian karena menimbulkan masalah yang serius jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Dari berbagai jenis plastik, yang paling banyak dibuang ke lingkungan adalah jenis Polypropylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, dan High Density Polyethylene yang biasanya dalam bentuk kantong dan botol plastik. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna membuat bata berbahan plastik sebagai bahan alternatif infrastruktur yang bersifat ekonomis, kuat dan tahan lama yang dilihat berdasarkan nilai kuat tekan berdasarkan jenisnya, yaitu bata plastik jenis PP, PET, dan HDPE. Tahap pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan di setiap jenisnya. Harga jual bata plastik ditentukan dengan metode Markup pricing. Proses pembuatan bata plastik yaitu pengumpulan sampah plastik, pencucian, penjemuran, pencacahan, pelelehan, dan pencetakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bata plastik yang dihasilkan dari jenis PET, HDPE, dan PP berbentuk balok dengan ukuran 19 cm x 10 cm x 6,5 cm, dimana bata jenis PET memerlukan sampah sebanyak 5,1 kg, jenis HDPE sebanyak 3,6 kg, dan  jenis PP sebanyak 3 kg. Nilai uji kuat tekan pada bata plastik jenis PP, PET, dan HDPE telah memenuhi standar kuat tekan berdasarkan SNI 15-2094-2000, dengan nilai uji kuat tekan rata-rata tertinggi terdapat pada bata plastik jenis PP sebesar 246 kg/cm², bata plastik jenis HDPE 166 kg/cm², dan bata plastik jenis PET 98,7 kg/cm². Harga jual bata plastik tanpa memasukkan harga beli plastik sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata plastik (Skenario I) pada bata plastik jenis PP seharga Rp1.907,00/bata, jenis PET Rp3.024,00/bata, dan jenis HDPE Rp3.464,00/bata. Sedangkan harga jual bata plastik dengan memasukkan harga beli plastik sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata plastik (Skenario II) pada bata plastik jenis PP Rp2.867,00/bata, jenis PET Rp4.624,00/bata, dan jenis HDPE Rp3.944,00/bata.Kata Kunci: Bata Plastik, Kuat Tekan, Markup Pricing.

Effect of Curing Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer without Sodium Silicate Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosniza Hanim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Khairun Azizi Azizli ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time

Geopolymer is associated with the alkali activation of materials rich in Si and Al, and alkali activator such as sodium hydroxide is used for the dissolution of raw material with the addition of sodium silicate solution to increase the dissolution process. However, the trend of strength development of geopolymer using sodium hydroxide alone is not well established. This paper presents an evaluation on compressive strength of fly ash–based geopolymer by varying curing time with respect to different curing temperature using sodium hydroxide as the only activator. The samples were cured at room temperature and at an elevated temperature (60°C). Further analysis on the microstructure of geopolymer products cured at 60°C was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Microscopy (FESEM). It can be observed that the compressive strength increased as the curing time increased when cured at room temperature; whereas at elevated temperature, the strength increased up to a maximum 65.28 MPa at 14 days but gradually decreased at longer curing time. Better compressive strength can be obtained when the geopolymer was cured at an elevated temperature compared to curing at room temperature.

Flood Mud as Geopolymer Precursor Materials: Effect of Curing Regime on Compressive Strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Mukridz Md Mohtar ◽  
Liew Yun Ming ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir ◽  
Kamarudin Husin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Maximum Compressive Strength ◽  
Curing Regime

This paper studies the effect of curing temperature and curing duration to the flood mud based geopolymer on compressive strength properties. Flood mud was used as a raw material for geopolymer and geopolymer samples were synthesized by using sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide 14M solution. These samples were cured at different temperature (100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°) for different curing duration (6h, 12h and 24h) respectively. Compressive strength tests were carried out at after 28 days. The compressive strength and SEM analysis of geopolymer products were evaluated. Result showed that the maximum compressive strength was 24 MPa at temperature of 150°C for 24 hours. With increasing ageing day, densification of geopolymer gel was observed.

A Study on Relationship between Porosity and Compressive Strength for Geopolymer Paste

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 1112-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.F. Farhana ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
Azmi Rahmat ◽  
A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geopolymer Paste

This paper presents a study on the relationship between porosity and compressive strength for geopolymer paste. In this research, geopolymer paste was made from fly ash class F based geopolymer mixed with alkaline activator; sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution. Twelve mixes were cast in 50mm x 50mm x 50mm moulds and the samples were cured for 24 hrs at 60 °C in the oven. The samples were examined after 7, 14, 28 and 90 days in terms of porosity test, pulse velocity test and compressive strength test. It was concluded that the sample at day 90 had the highest compressive strength of 56.50 N/mm2had porosity 3.77%. Thus, the sample with lowest porosity had highest pulse velocity 3303 m/s during ultrasonic testing with lowest transmission time 15.17 μs. Keywords: porosity, compression strength, geopolymer, pulse velocity

scholarly journals Strength Properties of Untreated Coal Bottom Ash as Cement Replacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraziela Syahira Baco ◽  
Shahiron Shahidan ◽  
Sharifah Salwa Mohd Zuki ◽  
Noorwirdawati Ali ◽  
Mohamad Azim Mohammad Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Tensile Strength Test ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) is a mineral by-product of thermal power plants obtained from the combustion of coal. In many countries, CBA wastes are identified as hazardous materials. The utilization of CBA can help in alleviating environmental problems; thus, this research was carried out to explore the possibility of its use as cement replacement in concrete manufacturing. Presently, In Malaysia, research that concerns about the use of CBA as cement replacement is very limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the properties of CBA as cement replacement and to identify the optimum percentage of untreated CBA as cement replacement. The CBA used in this study were taken from the Tanjung Bin power plant. In this research, the amount of CBA in the concrete mixture varied from 20% to 40% to replace cement. The properties of concrete containing CBA as cement replacement was examined through slump test, sieve analysis, concrete compressive strength test and splitting tensile strength test. The compressive strength test and splitting tensile strength test were performed at 7 and 28 days of curing time. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the optimum percentage of CBA as cement replacement is 25% for a curing time of both 7 and 28 days with the concrete compression strength of 45.2 MPa and 54.6 MPa, respectively. Besides, the optimum percentage for tensile strength is also at 25% CBA for a curing period of both 7 and 28 days with the tensile strength of 2.91 MPa and 3.28 MPa, respectively. 

scholarly journals The effect of curing on compressive strength of geo-polymer mortar made rice straw ash, fly ash, and laterite soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
P R Rangan ◽  
R Irmawaty ◽  
M W Tjaronge ◽  
A A Amiruddin ◽  
B Bakri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Polymer Mortar ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
Straw Ash ◽  
Percentage Ratio

Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of curing on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil. This research is experimental in the laboratory. Geopolymer mortar was produced using straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil with a percentage ratio of 16.67: 41.67: 41.67. The alkaline activator used is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a concentration of 12 M. The compressive strength test of 5 × 10 cm cylinders is used to evaluate the geopolymer mortar mixture produced at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days with curing, namely air and water curing. The results showed that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar increased along with the increasing age of each curing. The compressive strength values produced in air curing 3, 7 and 28 days were respectively 1.64 N/mm2, 1.72 N/mm2 and 3.22 N/mm2. While water curing, the resulting compressive strength values for each curing are 1.03 N/mm2, 1.63 N/mm2 and 1.68 N/mm2. At the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days, there was an increase in the compressive strength values from water curing to air curing, which were 0.37%, 5.23% and 47.82%, respectively. It can be seen that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil in air curing is greater than that of water curing.

scholarly journals Comparison of The Compressive Strength and The Microstructure of Metakaolin Metastar and Metakaolin Bangka as Additive in Ordinary Portland Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotya Astutiningsih ◽  
Widyaningsih Sura ◽  
Ahmad Zakiyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cement Type ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Supplementary Cementing Materials ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

Various This paper presents the results of the investigation on the use of Metakaolin (Al2Si2O2) as a supplementary cementing materials to improve the strength of cement. The most effective way to increase the strength of cement is the substitution of a proportion of cement with supplementary cementing materials. One of them was Metakaolin. Metakaolin was produced by thermal treatment calcination from Kaolin at 600-800 Celcius and has highest alumina and silicate purity. By added Metakaolin to Portland Cement type I (OPC), the amount of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) will increase through binding with Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH). There were two kinds of Metakaolin used in this investigation, commercial metakaolin named Metakaolin Metastar compared with Metakaolin Bangka which derived from Indonesia local resources, Bangka Island. Four Metakaolin replacement levels were employed in this investigation: 5%, 0%, 15%, and 20% with water per cement ratio 0.35, 0.40, and 0.50 both of Metakaolin Metastar and Metakaolin Bangka. The cement pastes cured at room temperature for 7, 14, and 28 days. The mechanical strength examined by compressive strength test, the microstructure were examined by SEM-EDS. The results of the study revealed both Metakaolin Metastar and Metakaolin Bangka enhanced the compressive strength of OPC. The most appropriate strength was obtained for a substitution of 20% metakaolin metastar which had 46,15% higher than OPC and 5% metakaolin Bangka which had 39,06% higher than OPC. The hydration rate was examined by Thermal Analysis Monitor. The results indicated that metakaolin metastar released higher heat than metakaolin Bangka. It can be concluded that Metakaolin metastar was more effective than metakaolin Bangka as additive in OPC.

Effect of Chemical Admixtures on the Strength of Dian Chi Peat Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Xing Qi Dou ◽  
Ming Shan Wang ◽  
Chi Hao Li ◽  
Qing Qing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Cement Soil ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on peat soil ofthe region of the Dian Chi Lake inKunming, the peat soil as research subject. This paperstudy on unconfined compressive strength test of solidifiedpeat soil mainly. In the experimental study of chemical admixtures curing peatsoil, the test hadeight groups. The experimental study of cement soil of different kindsof additives, and study the impact of additives on curing peat soil. It was concluded that the regularof cement soil compressive strength with the increases of chemical admixtureand curing time.

Research on Weibull Distribution Theory for Cubic Compressive Strength Test Method of Raw Earth Materials with Different Curing Methods and Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Bai Ru Lu ◽  
Xun An Zhang ◽  
Yi Hong Wang ◽  
Zhan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Curing Methods

Cube compressive strength of raw-soil based mater is an important index of mechanical property. Because the test results vary by different curing modes and trial curing time, compressive strength test on 160 cubic raw-soil test-pieces which were made by 4 curing modes (natural curing, indoor curing, indoor+ preservative film curing, curing in standard curing chamber) and 4 Curing period (4d, 14d, 21d, 28d) was designed.In this study,the failure mechanism, failure mode, force mechanism of test were analyzed.Using Weibull distribution theory, the influence of different environmental factors on material strength is discussed.The research revealed that the different curing methods and curing time had remarkable effect on failure mode of material, but the load displacement curves had not affected. The compressive strength with 21d and 28d ‘s indoor curing and standard curing method were same in the test.The strength of raw soil increases with time, and the curing temperature had a significant effect on the early strength of raw soil materials, but had little effect on the later strength. The humidity had a great influence on the later growth of material strength. Constant temperature and humidity could effectively ensure the full response of internal water loss hardening of raw soil-based materials, and the strength of specimens increases obviously.The recommended curing mode and standard curing time for standard test of raw-soil test-pieces were temperature of 25-30oC, humidity of 50%-55%, and 28day, respectively.

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