Change in Mechanical Strength and Bone Contact Ratio of Beta-Type TNTZ Subjected to Mechanical Surface Modification

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 2371-2376
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Tomokazu Hattori ◽  
Hisao Fukui ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Bone Contact ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Mechanical Surface

Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ), which is one of metastable beta-type Ti alloys, has developed as one of representative biomedical and dental Ti alloys in Japan. TNTZ subjected to solution treatment shows Young’s modulus of 60 GPa, which is close to that of cortical bone. In addition, TNTZ has very low cytotoxicity and good bone biocompatibility as well. Heat treatment like solution treatment and aging (STA) is mainly used for improving the mechanical properties of metastable beta-type Ti alloys because of alpha precipitates, while Young’s modulus also rises drastically. This study was investigated the effects of mechanical surface modifications such as fine particle bombarding (FPB) with steel and hydroxyapatite particles or friction stir processing (FSP) on the mechanical strength of TNTZ in order to maintain low Young’s modulus. The relative bone contact ratios between the cancellous bones of Japanese white rabbits and column-shaped TNTZ subjected to FPB of steel particles were also evaluated. Vickers hardness (HV) of TNTZ subjected to FPB with fine particles of steel and hydroxyapatite particles increased by HV30 to 200 at the edge of the specimen surface to around 100 to 300 mm in depth as compared with that of TNTZ subjected to solution treatment. The hydroxyapatite layer was formed on the specimen surface by FPB with fine particles of hydroxyapatite particles, although the trend was not significant by FPB with steel particles. Furthermore, the fatigue strength in high cycle fatigue region of TNTZ subjected to FPB with steel particles was improved and the fatigue limit showed around 400 MPa, although that of TNTZ subjected to FPB with fine particles of hydroxyapatite particles were around 60 MPa higher than that to TNTZ subjected to solution treatment (230 MPa). TNTZ with a rough surface texture (Ra: 0.65 μm) showed a relative bone contact ratio of more than 80% after undergoing FPB with fine particles of steel particles; this value was significantly higher than that of TNTZ with a surface texture (Ra: 0.07 μm). Lastly, the microstructure of TNTZ subjected to FSP showed the recrystallization area by the frictional heating with very fine equiaxed beta phase with an average grain diameter of 3.0 μm. The change in Vickers hardness of TNTZ subjected to FSP was almost identical to that of Young’s modulus and showed the almost same trend of FPB.

Mechanical Performance and Biocompatibility of Biomedical Beta-Type Titanium Alloy Subjected to Micro-Shot Peening

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1215-1220
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Yurie Oguchi ◽  
Tomokazu Hattori ◽  
Hisao Fukui ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Mirror Surface ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Bone Contact

Beta-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) was recently developed as a representative biomedical Ti alloy. As-solutionized TNTZ has a low Young’s modulus less than 60 GPa close to that of cortical bone along with very low cytotoxicity and good bone biocompatibility. Solution treatment and aging (STA) is a typical heat treatment for improving the mechanical properties of beta-type titanium alloys. However, STA also drastically increases the Young’s modulus. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of surface modification, micro-shot peening, on the mechanical properties of TNTZ subjected to severe thermomechanical treatment in order to maintain a relatively low Young’s modulus. The bone contact characteristics of TNTZ samples subjected to surface modification and cancellous bone were also compared. The Vickers hardness of cold-swaged TNTZ (TNTZSW) subjected to micro-shot peening was significantly increased within 20 mm from the very edge of the specimen surface. The fatigue strength of TNTZSWsubjected to micro-shot peening increased especially in the high cycle fatigue life region. The fatigue limit was around 400 MPa. The bone formations on TNTZSWsubjected to micro-shot peening and TNTZSWwith the mirror surface as comparison material were almost identical to each other. However, the relative bone contact ratio of TNTZSWsubjected to micro-shot peening was better than that of TNTZSWwith the mirror surface.

Thermo Mechanical Working and Heat Treatment Studies on Meta-Stable Beta Titanium Alloy (Ti15V3Al3Sn3Cr) Plates

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Naresh Kumar ◽  
Pravin Muneshwar ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Abhay Kumar Jha ◽  
Bhanu Pant
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Metastable Beta

The beta titanium alloys are highly cold workable in annealed condition, due to presence of single phase bcc structure (beta) at ambient temperature. The Ti15V3Al3Sn3Cr alloy is a metastable beta alloy retains single beta phase at ambient temperature by beta annealing. The beta alloys are most hardenable among titanium alloys, due to the formation of hard alpha (hcp) precipitates in beta (bcc) grains in solution treated and aged (STA) conditions. The present paper brings out the hot forging and rolling studies carried above beta transus temperature and correlating microstructure with mechanical properties in heat treated conditions (a. 800°C for 30 minutes and b. 800°C for 45 minutes, subsequent water quenched from single phase beta region plus aged at 482°C/538°C). The results conclude that solution treatment carried for 45 minutes and aged at 482°C/538°C achieved high tensile strength with improvement in ductility. This is due to less nucleation sites of alpha precipitates along the grain boundaries for the 45 minutes solution treated specimens. The Young’s modulus evaluated for solution treated (78GPa), aged at 482°C (105GPa) and 538°C (103GPa), the increase in aged conditions is due to the formation of alpha precipitates throughout the matrix and makes the alloy two phase alpha-beta system.Keywords: Metastable beta, alpha precipitates, solution treatment, tensile strength, Young’s modulus.

Mechanical and Biological Biocompatibilityof Novel β-Type Ti-Mn Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1232-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Cho ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Junko Hieda ◽  
Pedro Fernandes Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Bone Contact ◽  
Implantation Time ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cp Ti

Mechanical biocompatibility, including tensile properties and Young’s modulus, of -type Ti-Mn alloys,namely, Ti-10Mn and Ti-14Mn, fabricated by the metal injection molding method were investigated. Thebone formability (biological biocompatibility) of a Ti-Mn alloy, namely, Ti-12Mn, fabricated by thearc-melting method was evaluated by means of an animal test. The tensile strength of sintered Ti-10Mn andTi-14Mn achieve a maximum value of 860 and 886 MPa, respectively. The Ti-14Mn specimen sintered at1273 K shows the lowest Young’s modulus (76 GPa) among all sintered Ti-10Mn and Ti-14Mn specimens.The tensile strength of Ti-Mn alloys is almost equal to that of Ti64 ELI; further, their Young’s modulus islower than that of Ti-6Al-4V ELI. The relative bone contact ratio of Ti-12Mn increases from 11% to 29%with increasing implantation time from 12 weeks to 52 weeks. Moreover, the relative bone contact ratio ofTi-12Mn and CP-Ti is almost constant for all implantation times.

scholarly journals First principles computation of composition dependent elastic constants of omega in titanium alloys: implications on mechanical behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Salloom ◽  
S. A. Mantri ◽  
R. Banerjee ◽  
S. G. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Stabilizer Concentration

AbstractFor decades the poor mechanical properties of Ti alloys were attributed to the intrinsic brittleness of the hexagonal ω-phase that has fewer than 5-independent slip systems. We contradict this conventional wisdom by coupling first-principles and cluster expansion calculations with experiments. We show that the elastic properties of the ω-phase can be systematically varied as a function of its composition to enhance both the ductility and strength of the Ti-alloy. Studies with five prototypical β-stabilizer solutes (Nb, Ta, V, Mo, and W) show that increasing β-stabilizer concentration destabilizes the ω-phase, in agreement with experiments. The Young’s modulus of ω-phase also decreased at larger concentration of β-stabilizers. Within the region of ω-phase stability, addition of Nb, Ta, and V (Group-V elements) decreased Young’s modulus more steeply compared to Mo and W (Group-VI elements) additions. The higher values of Young’s modulus of Ti–W and Ti–Mo binaries is related to the stronger stabilization of ω-phase due to the higher number of valence electrons. Density of states (DOS) calculations also revealed a stronger covalent bonding in the ω-phase compared to a metallic bonding in β-phase, and indicate that alloying is a promising route to enhance the ω-phase’s ductility. Overall, the mechanical properties of ω-phase predicted by our calculations agree well with the available experiments. Importantly, our study reveals that ω precipitates are not intrinsically embrittling and detrimental, and that we can create Ti-alloys with both good ductility and strength by tailoring ω precipitates' composition instead of completely eliminating them.

scholarly journals Tailoring a Low Young Modulus for a Beta Titanium Alloy by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3467
Author(s):  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Doina Raducanu ◽  
Bogdan Vasile ◽  
Corneliu Trisca-Rusu ◽  
Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy

The present paper analyzed the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of a Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe–O alloy of β-Ti type obtained by combining severe plastic deformation (SPD), for which the total reduction was of etot = 90%, with two variants of super-transus solution treatment (ST). The objective was to obtain a low Young’s modulus with sufficient high strength in purpose to use the alloy as a biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The microstructure analysis was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations. The analyzed mechanical properties reveal promising values for yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of about 770 and 1100 MPa, respectively, with a low value of Young’s modulus of about 48–49 GPa. The conclusion is that satisfactory mechanical properties for this type of alloy can be obtained if considering a proper combination of SPD + ST parameters and a suitable content of β-stabilizing alloying elements, especially the Zr/Nb ratio.

scholarly journals Tensile strengths and Young’s modulus of thin copper and copper-nickel (CuNi44) substrates

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Staller ◽  
Christina Mitterbauer ◽  
Katharina Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Pole Figure ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Coated Conductors ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Cold Worked

AbstractIn this paper we report a method to determine tensile strengths and Young’s modulus of cubic biaxial textured metal tapes used as substrate materials for coated conductors (CC). Simplicity, rapidity and reproducibility of the procedure are important for the evaluation of continuous in-house productions. Our approach is based on the EN 10002-1 B tensile test method. A key role for satisfactory results is the sample preparation of 100–250 μm thick tapes, which will be described in detail. Copper (E-Cu57) can be successfully transformed to cubic biaxial textured substrates. Best results were achieved by annealing between 750°C and 850°C in reducing atmosphere. Best FWHM values for the ψ scan are 5.51° and for the ϕ scan are 4.5°. Pole figure analysis verified the sharp {001} texture of the tape. Vickers hardness measurements (HV 0.1) for the cold worked material yielded values of 135 and for the annealed tape, values of 37. The ultimate tensile yield strength Rm of the textured substrate is 150 MPa and thus significantly lower than that for the cold worked material (413 MPa). Cubic biaxial substrates could be manufactured from Isotan CuNi44 (WM49) bars. Best results were achieved by annealing at 1200°C in reducing atmosphere. Pole figure analysis verified the {001} texture with other low intensity texture components. Vickers hardness measurements (HV 0.1) for the cold worked material yielded values of 236 and for the annealed tape values of 92. The ultimate tensile yield strength R m of the textured substrate is 300 MPa and thus significantly lower than that for the cold worked material (723 MPa).

Fabrication of Titanium / Biodegradable-Polymer FGM for Medical Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Watanabe ◽  
Yoshimi Iwasa ◽  
Hisashi Sato ◽  
Akira Teramoto ◽  
Koji Abe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Spark Plasma

Ti and Ti alloys are widely used as metallic implants, because of their good mechanical properties and nontoxic behavior. However, they have problems as the implant-materials, namely, high Young’s modulus comparing that of bone and low bonding ability with bone. There is a need to develop the Ti and Ti alloys with lower Young’s modulus and good bonding ability. In previous study, Ti composite containing biodegradable poly-L-lactic-acid (PLLA) fiber has been fabricated to improve these problems. However, this composite has low strength because of the imperfect sintering of Ti matrix. To improve its strength, sintering of Ti matrix should be completed. In this study, Ti-NaCl composite material was fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method using powder mixture of Ti and NaCl to complete the sintering of Ti matrix. To obtain porous Ti samples, Ti-NaCl composite were put into hot water of 100 oC. The porous Ti was dipped into PLLA melt in order to introduce PLLA into the pores of porous Ti. Finally, Ti-PLLA composite was obtained, and PLLA plays a role as reinforcement of Ti matrix. It was found that the Ti-PLLA composite has gradient structure and mechanical properties.

Fabrication of Be-Ta Ti Alloys without Pre-Alloyed Powders via SLM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1797-1801
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Todai ◽  
Takeshi Nagase ◽  
Takayoshi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Ti Alloys

In this study, we sucsess the fabrication of dense compornent of Ti-20at.%X (X = Cr and Nb) alloys by Selected laser melting (SLM) pwocess, from a mixture of poweder element powders. The volume rasio of pore and non-molten particles is dependent of the enegy density. The difficulty of fabrication of Ti-X alloy comporment is dependent of melting temperature of X element. Thus, Ti-20at.%Cr alloys, which has the lowest melting temperature of X is easier to monufacture of dense comporment. The Ti-20at.%Cr alloys and Ti-20at.%Nb comprise β-Ti single-phase components without any non-molten particles and macroscopic defects. In addtion, the {001}〈100〉 crystallographic texture of these Ti-Cr and Ti-Nb alloys can be controlled effectively by optimizing the SLM parameters. This means that the SLM is key techmelogy of controlling of Young’s modulus and shape at the same time because Young's modulus of be-ta phase in Ti alloys is strongly related to the crystal orientation.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Capability Aging in Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoungjae Lee ◽  
In-Su Kim ◽  
Young Hoon Moon ◽  
Hyun Sik Yoon ◽  
Chan Hee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biomedical Implant ◽  
13Zr Alloy ◽  
American Society ◽  
Kinetics Of

Metals for biomedical implant applications require a simultaneous achievement of high strength and low Young’s modulus from the viewpoints of mechanical properties. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards suggest two types of processing methods to confer such a mechanical performance to Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy: solution treatment (ST) and capability aging (CA). This study elucidated the kinetics of CA process in Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. Microstructural evolution and mechanical change were investigated depending on the CA duration from 10 min to 6 h. The initial ST alloy possessed the full α′-martensitic structure, leading to a low strength, low Young’s modulus, and high ductility. Increasing CA duration increased mechanical strength and Young’s modulus in exchange for the reduction of ductility. Such a tendency is attributed to the decomposition of α′ martensite into (α+β) structure, particularly hard α precipitates. Mechanical compatibility (i.e., Young’s modulus compensated with a mechanical strength) of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy rarely increased by changing CA duration, suggestive of the intrinsic limit of static heat treatment.

Two-Stage Sintering of Alumina-Y-TZP (Al2O3/Y-TZP) Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Sivanesan ◽  
Teow Hsien Loong ◽  
Satesh Namasivayam ◽  
Mohammad Hosseini Fouladi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Dwelling Time ◽  
Microstructure Density

Alumina-Y-TZP composites between 0 to 25 vol% Y-TZP content produced via conventional two-stage sintering with T1 ranging between 1400°C and 1550°C, heating rate of 20°C/min, followed by T2 of 1350°C and 12 hours dwelling time. The microstructure, density, Vickers hardness (HV), Young’s modulus (E) and fracture toughness (KIC) of the sintered samples were then evaluated. It is observed that all samples up to 10 vol% Y-TZP achieved > 98% T.D. as the T1 increases. Samples with Y-TZP content above 10 vol% resulted in a significant decrease in density and hardness. Samples with ≤ 10 vol% Y-TZP sintered at T1 of 1450°C was able to achieve density > 98% T.D., Vickers hardness > 18 GPa and Young’s modulus > 380 GPa and fracture toughness > 6 MPam1/2 when compared to pure Al2O3 ceramics.

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