scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE OF COAL DEPOSITS WITH INSIGNIFICANT RESERVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
M. Kurylo ◽  
V. Bala
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this study is to analyze and systematize criteria by which, in domestic and international practice, the industrial value of coal deposits with small and insignificant reserves is determined. The analysis and systematization of such factors in general for all coal deposits with the definite definition of the most influential characteristics for small stocks are carried out. Mining and geological factors, which are caused by natural characteristics of the deposit and directly related to the concrete object, are determined, and there have been singled out factors concerning the minerals in general or characterizing the external conditions of industrial development of deposits. For coal deposits with insignificant reserves, the criteria that directly affect the most critical parameter - the value of coal reserves and, consequently, the lifetime of the mining enterprise have paramount importance. Such criteria are the quality of coal, which defines the direction of use and its liquidity, the degree of geological study, which expresses the geological risks of reserves confirmation, and the complexity of mining technical conditions that define methods and systems for the reserves disclosure and development. In general, external factors for coal deposits are most affected by the availability of raw material substitutes and market conditions, and coal prices. For deposits with insignificant reserves, prices and possibility of mining, which involves availability of licenses and social permits, may have a greater impact. Industrial significance of deposit with insignificant reserves may appear favorable of all other conditions of development - mining and technical conditions that form low cost of production, coal quality, favorable market conditions for mineral raw materials, localization of the deposit near consumers, etc. At the same time, the main prerequisite for attracting objects with insignificant reserves to exploitation should be their high degree of geological study. Decision about possible industrial significance should be taken after detailed technical and economic calculations.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF DECOMPOSITION OF PHOSPHATE RAW MATERIALS IN THE PRESENCE OF PEAT USING PHOSPHORIC ACID

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Katerina I. Panova ◽  
◽  
Nicolay N. Pravdin ◽  
Аnatoliy О. Kiryanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Component ◽  
High Degree

In the process of decomposition of phosphate raw materials, the dynamics of transformation of its constituent mineral phosphoric components: fluorapatite and its derivatives into available for plants dihydro - and hydroorthophosphates of calcium and the influence of a natural organic activator on it are studied.. The composition of the obtained organomineral products was evaluated. The questions of intensification of processing of phosphorite in phosphate-peat systems with additional involvement of nitric acid are considered. The possibilities of reducing the amount of acidic reagents to 50% are shown, while guaranteeing a high degree of use of the target raw material component (94%) and the absence of waste.

scholarly journals Procurement and mobility during the Late Pleistocene: Characterising the stone-tool assemblage of the Picamoixons site (Tarragona, NE Iberian Peninsula)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Soto
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ne Iberian Peninsula

The Picamoixons site is a rockshelter located in the province of Tarragona (NE Iberian Peninsula). It was object of two rescue campaigns during 1988 and 1993, which led to the recovery of a complete archaeological assemblage, including stone tools as well as faunal and portable art remains that date the occupation to the 14th to 11th millennium BP (calibrated). This study involves a petrographic characterisation of the stone-tool assemblage in order to establish: 1) the procurement areas, 2) the raw materials management strategies and 3) the mobility radius and territorial sizes of the hunter-gatherers groups that occupied the site. The method applied comprises in a multiscale analysis that includes systematic prospection, the petrographic characterisation of geological and archaeological samples, an analysis of the chert types represented in the knapping sequence, and the definition of the mobility axes and areas frequented according to lithic procurement.A petrographic analysis of the chert in the prospected area led to the definition of nine macroscopic varieties related to five types (Vilaplana, Morera, Maset, Vilella and Tossa cherts), related to Lower and Upper Muschelkalk (Triassic), Lutetian, Bartonian (Palaeocene) and Sannonian (Oligocene) deposits.The study of the knapping sequences indicates the main exploitation of Bartonian cherts (Tossa type), and the use of Lutetian cherts (Maset and Morera types) for configuring retouched tools. The exploitation of the remaining raw material types identified is considered sporadic and opportunistic.Defining the procurement areas enabled the mobility radius to be assessed as between 3 and 30 km, highlighting the importance of the fluvial basins as natural movement pathways. The results indicate that the main procurement territory was 16 km2 in area, associable with a forager radius. The most remote procurement distances suggest a maximum exploitation area of 260 km2, defining an intra-regional range. This range presents parallelisms with various contemporaneous hunter-gatherers groups in Western Europe, suggesting a progressive mobility reduction dynamic during the Late Pleistocene-Initial Holocene.

scholarly journals Problems of mineral raw material losses of quality and quantity management in developing of large-scale complex-structure deposits.

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Sergei Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mineral Raw Material ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The article deals with the problems of mineral raw material losses of quality and quantity management in developing of large-scale complex-structure and composition deposits of solid minerals. It is shown that a very high degree of mining and geological conditions variability in time and space for the development of mining units is typical for such deposits. This significantly complicates the qualitative and quantitative operating losses setting and accounting of mineral raw materials during its extraction in the framework of existing general and industry regulatory documents. Conceptual principles for face-by-face operational setting of losses and impoverishment of minerals for the conditions of bulk mining of complex-structure deposits with the formation of gross mining flow with economically feasible and specified level of quality (the content of commercial and harmful components) are stated. These principles generally do not contradict effective instructions main provisions and are made to minimize the total operating losses during the processing of several mine sections (faces).

Low-Cost Synthesis and Morphology Control of Magnesium Oxysulfate Hydrate Whiskers

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 986-991
Author(s):  
Chuan Hui Gao ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Yu Min Wu ◽  
Chuan Xing Wang ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnesium Oxysulfate

A low-cost raw material, bittern obtained from the production process of sea salt, was used to prepare magnesium oxysulfate hydrate (MgSO4·5Mg (OH)2·2H2O, abbreviated as 152MOS) whiskers via hydrothermal synthesis with ammonia and magnesium sulfate as the other starting raw materials. The bittern was firstly filtered and then used directly without de-coloring. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to investigate the composition and morphology of the products. It was found that the 152MOS whiskers synthesized from bittern at 190°C for 3 hours exhibited fanlike morphology. The formation of the fanlike whiskers was inhibited and most of the whiskers presented as single fibers when ethanol was used as crystal control agent in the hydrothermal process. From the two-dimensional steps observed at tips of the whiskers, a possible growth mechanism was speculated that it was the extension of dislocations that made the growth of the whiskers.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of industrial nature management in the conditions of modern decentralization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Mykola Nazaruk ◽  
Lidiia Halianta
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
World Industry

The aim of the study was to determine the features of industrial development in modern decentralization. Materials and methods. This study is based on the study of literature sources that characterize the problems of industrial nature management, features of development and operation, geospatial features of industry. The most well-known literary sources are analyzed, namely monographs, reporting materials, articles, reports concerning the problems of industrial nature management in the conditions of modern decentralization. Results. Decentralization contributes to the development of the economy, as the authorities respond more quickly to the demands and needs of society. Decentralization processes are improving the so-called investment climate, resulting in economic growth. That is why it is important to consider the factors influencing the development of industry in today's decentralization. We highlight the political and legal, economic, socio-demographic, technological factors of industrial development. On their example, we will consider features of development of the industry in the conditions of modern decentralization. Conclusion. The analysis of development factors and structural transformations in industry has revealed a number of sharp contradictions that create many risks for the existence of the industry itself, as well as the economy and social sphere of the country. This poses a number of serious challenges to the country to overcome such contradictions as: the inconsistency of the general trend of the industry with the development of world industry in structural and technological terms; continuation of structural and organizational degradation of production with preservation of its export-raw material orientation and corresponding dependence on external conditions; increasing technological simplification and primitivization of production; inconsistency of domestic production with the needs of the population; the progressive decline of processing industries, including high-tech and fund-generating, for the domestic consumer market; high depreciation of fixed assets and unattractive investment of the industry, including for foreign investors; remoteness of the financial sector from servicing long-term investment needs of production; "Conservative" distribution of investment resources; lack of a mechanism for redistribution of investment resources in favor of promising industries. The identified contradictions and the resulting risks to the further functioning of the industry must be resolved as soon as possible for progressive changes and industrial development in the future.

scholarly journals Monitoring of resource-efficient provision of Ukrainian dairy processing enterprises with high-quality raw milk on the basis of international requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 915 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
N Kushnir ◽  
A Ventsuryk ◽  
A Zhemba ◽  
D Tsaruk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The article provides information on the main problems of development of dairy enterprises in Ukraine on the criteria of sustainable development and taking into account the vector of the European integration course of the country. The level of providing milk processing enterprises with the quality of raw milk is analyzed. The main trends in the supply of raw milk from agricultural enterprises and households of Ukraine by varieties are presented and analyzed. The dynamics of milk supply and its price are also presented. It is established that the use of quality raw milk directly affects the efficiency of milk processing enterprises. Important aspects of quality control of raw dairy products at enterprises are outlined. High-quality dairy production and reduction of production costs are impossible without the functioning of the raw material quality monitoring system. To this end, it is necessary to introduce the principles of hazard analysis and critical control points in the management structure of dairy companies. It is proved that the key factor of global economic development is the state of the environment, so monitoring the supply of milk - raw materials should also be accompanied by the definition of a set of resource efficiency indicators.

scholarly journals KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PROSES PEMBUATAN GAS SINTETIK DARI BATUBARA DAN PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN PADA INDUSTRI HILIRNYA = TECHNOLOGY REVIEW PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC GAS FROM COAL UTILIZATION AND PROSPECT IN DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Muslim Efendi Harahap ◽  
Endro Wahju Tjahjono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Synthetic Gas ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier ◽  
Coal Reserves

AbstractPotential coal reserves in Indonesia are very abundant, but which became the key issue is the utilization in Indonesia is still not optimal. One alternative to use the coal is by converting it into synthetic gas (syngas), containing primarily hydrogen (H2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). To create synthetic gas from coal there are 4 kinds of process technology known in the world, i.e. Fixed-bed gasifier, Fluidized-bed gasifier, Entrained-bed gasifier and Molten bath gasifier. There are 3 types of chemical industry to take advantage of this synthetic gas as an alternative of their raw materials i.e., methanol, formic acid and ammonia industry. Currently they use natural gas as raw material. The more widespread use of natural gas for a variety of needs can disrupt the natural gas supply for these industries in the future. Therefore, this synthetic gas can be used as an alternative of raw material supply for these three types of chemical industry in the future. AbstrakPotensi cadangan batubara di Indonesia sangat melimpah, namun yang menjadi isu utama adalah pemanfaatannya di Indonesia masih belum optimal. Salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan batubara tersebut adalah dengan mengkonversi batubara tersebut menjadi gas sintetik (syngas) yang kandungan utamanya adalah Hidrogen (H2) dan Karbon Monoksida (CO). Untuk membuat gas sintetik dari batubara ini ada 4 macam teknologi proses yang telah dikenal di dunia yaitu Fixed-bed gasifier, Fluidized-bed gasifier, Entrained-bed gasifier dan Molten bath gasifier. Ada 3 jenis industri kimia yang dapat memanfaatkan gas sintetik ini sebagai alternatif bahan bakunya yaitu industri metanol, industri asam formiat dan industri amonia. Saat ini mereka menggunakan gas alam sebagai bahan bakunya. Semakin meluasnya penggunaan gas alam untuk berbagai macam kebutuhan dapat menyebabkan pasokan gas alam untuk ketiga jenis industri ini terganggu di kemudian hari. Oleh karena itu gas sintetik ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pasokan bahan baku untuk ketiga jenis industri kimia tersebut kedepannya.

scholarly journals SISTEM PENGENDALIAN PEMESANAN BAHAN BAKU SUSU BUBUK SERTA KEBIJAKANNYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deden Jaelani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Optimal Ordering

Formula milk production companies are faced with an optimal ordering control system. The availability of raw materials is a measure of the performance of the ordering system at a low cost. This research was conducted to determine the optimal order point with a minimum ordering cost. Ordering decision making is considered from company policy because of the budget. The results of this study indicate that the frequency of purchasing raw materials is 9 times the purchase of raw materials in one year period, 12 times a year of policy. The total purchase of raw material inventories was Rp. 48,671,774, and the policy was Rp. 50,765,157.35 per year. The savings in ordering costs amounted to Rp. 2,093,383.35. The reorder point is 5,634 pcs.

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