Titanium Dioxide Doped with Nitrogen Nanopowder Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Khemmika Promwanna ◽  
Kanjanaporn Narong ◽  
Chanchana Thanachayanont ◽  
Chabaiporn Junin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Titanium Dioxide

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO2) nanopowder was successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. Titanium isopropoxide and urea were used as the starting precursors. The hydrothermal reaction was controlled at 200 °C for 2, 4 and 6 h. The white powder was obtained and dried for 24h. The crystal structure was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A single phase of anatase structure was obtained without calcination steps. The morphology was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The particles were irregular in shape and highly agglomerated. The chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS). The characteristic X-ray energy of titanium (Kα = 4.51 keV and Kβ = 4.93 keV), oxygen (Kα = 0.52 keV) and nitrogen (Kα = 0.39 keV) were observed. The functional group was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). The wavenumbers in the range 668 to 1389 cm-1 corresponded to vibrations of Ti–O–Ti bond. The wavenumber in the range of 1442 to 1500 cm-1 could be attributed to the nitrogen species in the TiO2 network.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Copper (II) Oxide Microparticle

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Piyarat Somsri ◽  
Sukon Phanichphant ◽  
Chanchana Thanachayanont
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitrate Trihydrate

CuO microparticle was syntheszied by hydrothermal method. The starting precursors were used as copper (II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu (NO3)2·3H2O), nitric acid (HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The final pH value of the mixed solution was used 2M NaOH to adjust the pH was 8 and treated at 100-200 oC for 4-6 h in a hydrothermal vessel. The black fine powder was obtained after dried at 100 oC for 5 h. The phase and structure of CuO microparticle were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A single phase monoclinic structure synthezied by hydrothermal method at 200 oC for 4 and 6 h was obtained without calcination steps. The morphology CuO microparticle was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was likely grain in shape and the particle size in range of 2.94-4.06 μm. The element composition of CuO microparticle was indicated by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The chemical compositions showed the characteristic X-ray energy of copper (Kα = 0.98 keV) and oxygen (Kα = 0.53 keV), respectively. The functional group of CuO microparticle was indentified by Fourier transform spectrophotometry (FTIR). The wavenumber at 690, 514 and 437 cm-1 was corresponded to vibration of Cu-O stretching.

Synthesis of Silver-Modified Sponge-Like Titanium Dioxide Arrays with Biomimetic Structure and its Enhanced Photocatalytic

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 824-828
Author(s):  
Yu Jun Lu ◽  
Jie Mei ◽  
Wen Jun Dong ◽  
Jing Li Fu ◽  
Chao Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Array Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

The silver-modified sponge-like titanium dioxide arrays were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The effects of the hydrothermal reaction temperature, template agents were studied. The obtained products of Ag/TiO2arrays were investigated by scanning electron microscope in combination with X-ray diffraction. Results show that polyvinylpyrrolidone plays a key role in the formation of titanium dioxide arrays. Compare to the commercial P25 (Degussa), the optimized TiO2 array-structures exhibit an obvious enhanced photocatalytic activity, that enhancement is attributed to its sponge-like biomimetic structure and silver modification. The products have potential applications in degrading organic pollutants.

The Effect of Stoichiometry to the Phase Formation of Barium Titanate

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meor Ahmad Faris ◽  
Cheow Keat Yeoh ◽  
W.M. Arif ◽  
Pei Leng Teh ◽  
Nadia Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Barium Titanate ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

This paper focus on the effect of different ratio between barium (Ba) and titanium (Ti) to the production of high purity of barium titanate (BT). On this research, the sample was prepared by solid-state reaction between barium carbonate (BaCO3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder at constant sintering temperature of 1350 °C. The sample was prepared at different ratio of Ba:Ti which are 1:0.9, 1:0.95, 1:1, 1:1.05, 1:1.1. All sintered BT was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). All existed phase on these samples was determined and analyzed. Sample from ratio 1:1 produced almost a single phase of BT. While; samples from other ratio produce secondary phase which is barium orthotitanate (Ba2TiO4).

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF SIMVASTATIN DISSOLUTION RATE USING DERIVATIVE NON-COVALENT APPROACH BY SOLVENT DROP GRINDING METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
IYAN SOPYAN ◽  
INSAN SUNAN KURNIWAN SYAH ◽  
DESI NURHAYTI ◽  
ARIF BUDIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimeter ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Saturated Solubility

Objective: This study aimed to enhance the solubility of simvastatin using noncovalent derivatives (NCDs) with oxalic acid (OA), fumaric acid (AF), and nicotinamide (NK) as conformers. Methods: NCDs were prepared using by a solvent drop grinding (SDG). The NCDs formed were evaluated for saturated solubility test, NCDs with the highest saturation solubility were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and the particulate dissolution using type II of USP test. Results: SV-OA NCDs showed the highest solubility; thus NCDS of SV-OA were characterized by X-ray diffraction showing a new peak at 2ϴ = 28.96 °C and differential scanning calorimeter showed a change of endothermic peak from 134.3 °C to 69 °C. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that there were no functional group changes from simvastatin, while the dissolution rate increased from 68.22% to 76.08%. Conclusion: SV-OA NCDs show an increased profile of solubility and dissolution compared to pure simvastatin.

Optical Characterization of Zinc Selenide Compound Prepared through Hydrothermal Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Fakhrurrazi Ashari ◽  
Josephine Liew Ying Chyi ◽  
Zainal Abdib Talib ◽  
W. Wahmood Wan Yunus ◽  
Leong Yong Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Light Emitting Devices

ZnSe which show a potential application in electronic devices such as photovoltaic devices, light emitting devices and photodetector have been synthesized through a hydrothermal method using ZnCl2 and Se powder as the source. In a typical synthesis, Zn2+ and Se2- ion have been prepared separately and charged into a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave. The hydrothermal reaction was conducted at 180 °C for 32 hours. Structural properties of ZnSe are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the optical properties of ZnSe compound are characterized through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). From the XRD result, pure ZnSe with main XRD peak at 2θ = 27.29°, 45.30°, 53.62°, 65.88°, 72.68° has been observed. The result have been supported by the optical results where absoprtion peak at 460 nm with optical band gap energy (Eg) at 2.5 eV.

Physical Properties Study of TiO2 Nanoparticle Synthesis via Hydrothermal Method Using TiO2 Microparticles as Precursor

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hasmizam Razali ◽  
M.N. Ahmad-Fauzi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gap Energy

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method using TiO2 microparticle powder (Merck) as precursor. TiO2 microparticles powder (~160 nm) was mixed with 10 M NaOH and treated hydrothermally at 150 °C and 2 MPa pressure in autoclave for 24 hours. After hydrothermal reaction was completed, the sample was washed, dried and heated at 500 °C for 2 hours to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and raman spectroscopy. UV-Vis DRS was used to determine the band gap energy. Field emissions and transmissions electron microscopy images revealed that nanoparticles obtained was about 14 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were anatase phase (tetragonal). The band gap energy of TiO2 nanoparticles was determined to be 3.32 eV.

Conductivities of Titanium Dioxide Obtained via the Sol-Gel Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Annie Maria Mahat ◽  
Kelimah Elong ◽  
Nor Diyana Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Sufri Mastuli ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rutile Structure ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Impedance Technique

Titanium dioxide powders were synthesized via a sol-gel method using titanium nitride as the precursor. The structure and morphology of the synthesized powders were investigated and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results indicate that pure single phase titanium dioxide of rutile structure had been obtained. It was also revealed that annealing temperature plays an important role in the formation of single phase titanium dioxide powders. Increasing heat treatments also modified the shape and surface morphology from chunks and rock-like morphology to a mixture of flaky aggregates. Conductivity studies using a.c. impedance technique was used. The conductivity of the sample annealed at 400 °C is 89 % higher than that annealed at 800 °C and attributed to the phase and morphology of the samples.

Raman And Fluorescence Spectra Observed in Laser Microprobe Measurements of Several Compositions in the Ln-Ba-Cu-O System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Edgar S. Etz ◽  
Thomas D. Schroeder ◽  
Winnie Wong-Ng
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Conventional Solid State Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Microprobe ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Compositional Homogeneity ◽  
Processing Techniques

We are investigating by Raman microprobe measurements the superconducting and related phases in the LnBa2Cu3O7-x (for x=0 to 1) system where yttrium has been replaced by several of the lanthanide (Ln = Nd,Sm,Eu,Ho,Er) elements. The aim is to relate the observed optical spectra (Raman and fluorescence) to the compositional and structural properties of these solids as part of comprehensive materials characterization. The results are correlated with the methods of synthesis, the processing techniques of these materials, and their superconducting properties. Of relevance is the substitutional chemistry of these isostructural systems, the differences in the spectra, and their microanalytical usefulness for the detection of impurity phases, and the assessment of compositional homogeneity. The Raman spectra of most of these compounds are well understood from accounts in the literature.The materials examined here are mostly ceramic powders prepared by conventional solid state reaction techniques. The bulk samples are of nominally single-phase composition as determined by x-ray diffraction.

Observation of pseudo 10-fold symmetry in the ordered iron-zinc delta phase

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
L. A. Giannuzzi ◽  
A. S. Ramani ◽  
P. R. Howell ◽  
H. W. Pickering ◽  
W. R. Bitler
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Δ Phase ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Concentration Discontinuity

The δ phase is a Zn-rich intermetallic, having a composition range of ∼ 86.5 - 92.0 atomic percent Zn, and is stable up to 665°C. The stoichiometry of the δ phase has been reported as FeZn7 and FeZn10 The deviation in stoichiometry can be attributed to variations in alloy composition used by each investigator. The structure of the δ phase, as determined by powder x-ray diffraction, is hexagonal (P63mc or P63/mmc) with cell dimensions a = 1.28 nm, c = 5.76 nm, and 555±8 atoms per unit cell. Later work suggested that the layer produced by hot-dip galvanizing should be considered as two distinct phases which are characterized by their morphological differences, namely: the iron-rich region with a compact appearance (δk) and the zinc-rich region with a columnar or palisade microstructure (δp). The sub-division of the δ phase was also based on differences in diffusion behavior, and a concentration discontinuity across the δp/δk boundary. However, work utilizing Weisenberg photographs on δ single crystals reported that the variation in lattice parameters with composition was small and hence, structurally, the δk phase and the δp phase were the same and should be thought of as a single phase, δ. Bastin et al. determined the average cell dimensions to be a = 1.28 nm and c = 5.71 nm, and suggested that perhaps some kind of ordering process, which would not be observed by x-ray diffraction, may be responsible for the morphological differences within the δ phase.

scholarly journals Preparation of high-entropy carbides by different sintering techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (19) ◽  
pp. 11237-11247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Pötschke ◽  
Manisha Dahal ◽  
Mathias Herrmann ◽  
Anne Vornberger ◽  
Björn Matthey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Pressure Sintering ◽  
Hardness Values

AbstractDense (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V)C- and (Ta, Nb, Ti, V, W)C-based high-entropy carbides (HEC) were produced by three different sintering techniques: gas pressure sintering/sinter–HIP at 1900 °C and 100 bar Ar, vacuum sintering at 2250 °C and 0.001 bar as well as SPS/FAST at 2000 °C and 60 MPa pressure. The relative density varied from 97.9 to 100%, with SPS producing 100% dense samples with both compositions. Grain size measurements showed that the substitution of Hf with W leads to an increase in the mean grain size of 5–10 times the size of the (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V,)C samples. Vacuum-sintered samples showed uniform grain size distribution regardless of composition. EDS mapping revealed the formation of a solid solution with no intermetallic phases or element clustering. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the structure of mostly single-phase cubic high-entropy carbides. Hardness measurements revealed that (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V)C samples possess higher hardness values than (Ta, Nb, Ti, V, W)C samples.

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