Influence of Post-Processing and the Type of Filling on Strength Properties of Elements Printed by Stereolithography Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ewelina Wacławik-Macura ◽  
Mariusz Król
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Uv Lamps

The application of stereolithography, gives the possibilities to manufacture components with complex shape, during one continuous process based on the prepared virtual model in CAD system. The paper presents the results of experimental tests for samples printed using Low Force Stereolithography (LFS)TM technique, using Rigid 4000 Resin, Formlabs company. The experimental studies used unconventional post-processing, which consists in extending the exposure to UV lamps, without the application of heating. In the next step, optimized post processing parameters were used to manufacture components with different types and degrees of filling - linear and hexagonal. In the experiment, the samples were testes to a tensile strength test and a three-point bending test. The goal of the experiment was to select optimal parameters for post-processing and element design to reduce the component weight.

Correlation between Process Parameters with Flexural Properties of Hybrid Glass/Jute Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite Fabricated via Vacuum Infusion Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 531-535
Author(s):  
Noraiham Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Fadli Hassan ◽  
Siang Yee Chang ◽  
Qumrul Ahsan ◽  
Yuhazri Yaakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Jute Fibre ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Supply Pressure ◽  
Infusion Technique

Flexural properties of hybrid glass/jute fibre reinforced epoxy composites were optimised by response surface methodology. The processing parameters of vacuum infusion technique such as supply pressure, soaking time and use of flow media were investigated. The flexural properties of the resulting composites were evaluated using three-point bending test in accordance with the ASTM D790-03 standard. The flexural strength of ~195 MPa and elastic modulus of ~13412 MPa were achieved at optimum parameter of 100 kPa pressure, 120 minutes soaking time with the utilization of flow media during vacuum infusion process.

Investigation of the Stages of Damage Accumulation in Polymer Composite Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Bashkov ◽  
A.A. Bryansky ◽  
I.V. Belova ◽  
Denis B. Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
B Value ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Ae Signals

This paper presents the results of the study of strength and fracture processes of FRP samples, obtained by vacuum and vacuum-autoclave molding methods. The experimental studies consisted of a three-point bending test with step loading, accompanied by an acoustic emission method. Based on the acoustic emission data recorded using the acoustic-emission software and hardware complex during the experiments, a method for estimating the accumulated damage using various techniques for analyzing acoustic emission parameters was tested. The results of methods for analyzing the power-law coefficient of accumulation of total AE, b-value and density distribution of amplitudes and median frequencies are considered. An estimate of the power-law coefficient of accumulation of the total AE made it possible to determine the bearing capacity of PCM samples. Using the techniques for analyzing the amplitude distribution of the AE signals and the distribution density of the amplitudes and median frequencies of the AE signals, destructive processes in the volume of samples were described and the stages of their damaging were revealed.

scholarly journals Innovative Multilayer Polymer-glass Composites Reinforced with Metal-ceramic Foam

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gawdzińska ◽  
Janusz Grabian ◽  
Dorota Nagolska ◽  
Barbara Kwiecińska
Keyword(s):  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Ceramic Foam ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Ceramic Foams ◽  
Glass Composites ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Materials Used

When selecting the materials used in transport, in addition to the set of strength properties, which form the basis of the structural calculations, the possibility of weight reduction and the limitation of fire risks and maintenance activities should also be taken into account. The article provides a short description of both metal and metal-ceramic foams, as well as studies on multilayer sandwich composite materials. They consist of polyester-glass laminates and composite-ceramic foams. These materials were subjected to a technological three-point bending test. Such materials can replace the polyester-glass laminates that are commonly used in maritime transport and other industries.

scholarly journals Bending Behavior of Lightweight Wood-Based Sandwich Beams with Auxetic Cellular Core

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Peliński ◽  
Jerzy Smardzewski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Bending Behavior

The work concerns a three-point bending test of beams made of plywood, high density fibre boards, cardboard, and wood-epoxy mass. The goal of the investigation was to determine the effect of thickness and type of wood-based facings on stiffness, strength, ability to absorb, and dissipate the energy of sandwich beams with an auxetic core. The cognitive goal of the work was to demonstrate the possibility of using recycled materials for facings and cores instead of popular wood composites. Experimental studies and numerical calculations were performed on correctly calibrated models. Experimental studies have shown that the beams with HDF facings (E = 1528 MPa, MOR = 12.61 MPa) and plywood facings (E = 1248–1395 MPa, MOR = 8.34–10.40 MPa) have the most favourable mechanical properties. Beams with plywood facings also have a good ability to absorb energy (1.380–1.746 J), but, in this respect, the beams manufactured of HDF (2.223 J) exhibited better capacity. The use of an auxetic core and facings of plywood and cardboard significantly reduces the amount of dissipated energy (0.0093 J, 0.0067 J). Therefore, this type of structures can be used for modeling beams carrying high deflections.

scholarly journals Calibration of Partial Safety Factors of Sample Masonry Structures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5003
Author(s):  
Joanna Zięba ◽  
Izabela Skrzypczak ◽  
Lidia Buda-Ożóg
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Analysis ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Partial Safety Factors

Technological progress in masonry structures has resulted in the creation of competitive solutions, which force the need for an ever deeper recognition of this type of structure. Masonry is a composite with heterogeneous strength properties. Therefore, the most appropriate way to accurately describe the behavior of the masonry structure under the influence of the working load are experimental research and their statistical and probabilistic analysis. This article presents a series of experimental tests carried out on real masonry structures. The results of the experiments were subjected to static evaluation, determining the most important parameter in the probabilistic analysis—the coefficient of variability of strength. The variability obtained in the experimental studies was used to determine the safety of the structure in the probabilistic method. Achieved values of coefficients of variation and safety coefficients proved to be satisfactory and adequate to the emerging technological progress in the production and embedding of masonry components.

Influence of Hardener Content and Curing Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Porous C/C Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Andreas Todt ◽  
Kristina Roder ◽  
Natalia Nier ◽  
Bernhard Wielage ◽  
Guntram Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon composites (C/C) are characterised by their excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical properties. The intrinsic porosity and fibre reinforcement grant them an excellent damage tolerance. The production of complex structures is time consuming and very expensive. An innovative approach to this topic is the integration of simple geometric ceramic composite materials within complex polymer structures. The motivation of this contribution is to investigate the influence of hexamethylenetetramine as hardener (hardener content: 4, 8, 12 and 16 %) and curing parameters (tempered and non-tempered) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the porous C/C composites. During the course of this contribution, selected carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with different porosities were produced while adjusting the resin or hardening agent-ratio, as well as the processing parameters. Subsequent to the curing of the CFRP samples, porous C/C composites were produced by means of a pyrolysis process. The final part of the contribution is comprised of the microstructural analysis by light microscopy and the explanation of the flexural strengths, by utilising a “three-point-bending test”.

Influence of Heat Treatment Conditions on Properties of High-Speed P/M Steel Vanadis 30

2015 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Sobotová ◽  
Martin Kuřík ◽  
Jiří Cejp
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

The high-speed P/M steel Vanadis 30 was austenitized at 1100 °C, quenched and tempered at various combinations of processing parameters. For one set of specimens, also sub-zero period, made at -196 °C/4 hours between quenching and tempering. The microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated as a function of austenitizing time, parameters of sub-zero processing and tempering. There were used metallographic analysis, hardness measurement and three point bending test for the evaluation effect of heat treatment conditions to observed materials.

Investigation flexural behavior of hybrid-reinforced layered filament wound pipes using experimental tests and numerical model

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110342
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Masoumi ◽  
Sayyed Behzad Abdellahi ◽  
Sayyed Mahdi Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Filament Wound ◽  
Composite Samples

In the present study, filament wound pipes were fabricated by glass and polypropylene (PP) yarns with the three different filament winding angles 55°, 70°, and 82°. Glass and PP yarns were wound around the pipe with two methods; layered and hybrid. Epoxy resin was applied as a matrix to manufacture composite samples. It should be mentioned that composite samples were made in different layers. The three-point bending test was carried out on all samples to investigate the bending behavior of the composites. The experimental results showed that the winding angle 55° is better than other angles in terms of improving the flexural strength of the composite. Moreover, using hybrid yarn to fabricate the composite sample increases the flexural strength and energy absorption of the composite. In the next step, a multi-scale finite element model was applied to predict the flexural behavior of the composites. In this model, a unit-cell of each composite structure was modeled at the meso scale and elastic constants of the composites were extracted by a Python code. In addition, failure parameters for the composites were determined according to micromechanical equations. All elastic and failure parameters were utilized for the macro model and simulation three-point bending test. The numerical results were compared with the experimental and a good agreement could be observed between numerical and experimental results. So, the proposed model is proper to predict the mechanical behavior of the filament wound composite with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Effect of Palm Oil Fiber (POF) to Strength Properties and Fracture Energy of Green Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad ◽  
Cindy Wong Yean Theng ◽  
Tim Ee Ching ◽  
Noridah Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Afiq Tambichik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Three Point Bending

The lack of research on concrete which utilizes Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and Palm Oil Fiber (POF) simultaneously in concrete was globally observed. To meet this gap, a study on green concrete consisting of POFA, RHA and RCA with added untreated POF as binders was conducted. The study focusses on the effect of varying percentages of untreated POF, ranging from 0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%, to the strength properties and fracture energy of green concrete. The strength properties of green concrete were investigated by conducting the compression strength test and tensile strength test on forty-eight (48) cubes and cylinders at the curing age of 7 and 28 days. The tests show that the strength of green concrete decreases, as the percentage of POF increases. This was preceded by the establishment of an optimum percentage of POF at 0.25%. The fracture energy of the green concrete was determined by testing twelve numbers of notched beams with dimensions of 100mm x 100mm x 500mm under the three-point bending test. From the three-point bending test, the load-deflection profile for each specimen with different percentages of untreated POF was obtained. Three existing theoretical models, namely Hillerborg, Bazant and CEB models were used to measure the fracture energy of the green concrete with varying percentage of fiber. Results range from 37.94 N/m to 153.81 N/m was observed. The study also successfully established the reliability of Hillerborg’s model to fracture energy when models by Bazant and CEB surprisingly shows a decrease in fracture energy measurements with increase in fiber content.

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