scholarly journals Wide-row Seeding Cultivation of the Nematode-suppressive Forage Crop Palisade Grass (Urochloa brizantha) cv. MG5 in the Southern Kyushu Region of Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Katsuki ADACHI ◽  
Yasushi TATEISHI ◽  
Kenta UESUGI ◽  
Takayuki SUZUKI ◽  
Hideaki IWAHORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Crop ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

scholarly journals Studies with Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 Vitória in Okinawa, Japan: Vegetative propagation and a tractor tyre stress test

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Takashi Hanagasaki
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
High Quality Seed

Feeding of high quality grass is critical to ensure breeding cows remain healthy with high reproductive rates and growing and fattening cattle achieve good growth rates. The Brazilian grass cultivar, Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 Vitória, is highly nutritious and is known for its drought tolerance. In view of its low seed production potential in subtropical Japan and of phytosanitary problems (contamination with soil particles) of imported seed, a study was conducted in Okinawa to assess 2 methods of propagating this cultivar vegetatively. Cutting stems (culms) at about 10 cm from ground level and inserting them 3 cm into a 50:50 compost:soil mixture produced a 77% success rate in terms of rooted plantlets in a glasshouse compared with 67% for cutting the culm at 3 nodes from the base, subsequently allowing 2 weeks for adventitious roots to form on the lowest node, then cutting below the node where roots emerged and planting the rooted propagule in the same mixture. It seems that the simple process of cutting stems at about 10 cm from ground level and inserting them into a suitable mixture of soil and compost should result in an acceptable yield of plantlets for establishment of an MG5 forage crop. However, locating a source of high-quality seed free of phytosanitary problems seed would seem to be a better solution to increase the areas in Okinawa planted to MG5.In the tractor tyre stress trial conducted over 2 years, an MG5 forage crop established from seed showed depressed yields on the treatment subjected to tractor tyre pressure but performed as well as Chloris gayana, a much-used forage grass in Okinawa.

Maize silage and winter crop options to maximise drymatter and energy for NZ dairy systems

2006 ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Densley ◽  
G.M. Austin ◽  
I.D. Williams ◽  
R. Tsimba ◽  
G.O. Edmeades
Keyword(s):  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Silage Production

Trade-offs in dry matter (DM) and metabolisable energy (ME) between combinations of three maize silage hybrids varying in maturity from 100-113 CRM and six winter forage options were investigated in a Waikato farmer's field over 2 years. Winter crops were triticale, cut once; oats grazed 1-2 times; and Tama and Feast II Italian ryegrass, each cut or grazed 2-3 times. Greatest DM and ME production (38.9 t/ha; 396 GJ/ha) was from a 113 CRM hybrid followed by a single-cut triticale crop. The most economical sources of DM and ME were obtained from a 100 CRM maize hybrid plus grazed oats (11.8 c/ kg; 1.12 c/MJ), while the cheapest ME source among cut winter forages was a 113 CRM maize hybrid + triticale (1.18 c/MJ). Reliable annual silage production of 30 t DM/ha and 330 GJ ME/ha (or 3000 kg MS/ha) is possible using a late maturing maize hybrid combined with a winter forage crop such as triticale, although the low feed value of the triticale may limit its use as feed for milking cows. Keywords: Italian ryegrass, oats, maize silage, supplements, triticale, winter forage crops

Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) induced gene silencing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian C. Verdonk ◽  
Michael L. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mirna Precursor ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Gene silencing is a powerful technique that allows the study of the function of specific genes by selectively reducing their transcription. Several different approaches can be used, however they all have in common the artificial generation of single stranded small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) that are utilized by the endogenous gene silencing machinery of the organism. Artificial microRNAs (amiRNA) can be used to very specifically target genes for silencing because only a short sequence of 21 nucleotides of the gene of interest is used. Gene silencing via amiRNA has been developed for Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and rice using endogenous microRNA (miRNA) precursors and has been shown to also work effectively in other dicot species using the arabidopsis miRNA precursor. Here, we demonstrate that the arabidopsis miR319 precursor can be used to silence genes in the important forage crop species alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by silencing the expression of a transgenic beta-glucuronidase (GUSPlus) target gene.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Abiotic Stress Responsive CBL-CIPK Family Genes in Medicago

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Wenxuan Du ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Qian Su ◽  
Yongzhen Pang
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Plant Signal Transduction ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) play important roles in plant signal transduction and response to abiotic stress. Plants of Medicago genus contain many important forages, and their growth is often affected by a variety of abiotic stresses. However, studies on the CBL and CIPK family member and their function are rare in Medicago. In this study, a total of 23 CBL and 58 CIPK genes were identified from the genome of Medicago sativa as an important forage crop, and Medicaog truncatula as the model plant. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these CBL and CIPK genes could be classified into five and seven groups, respectively. Moreover, these genes/proteins showed diverse exon-intron organizations, architectures of conserved protein motifs. Many stress-related cis-acting elements were found in their promoter region. In addition, transcriptional analyses showed that these CBL and CIPK genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues, and in response to drought, salt, and abscisic acid treatments. In particular, the expression levels of MtCIPK2 (MsCIPK3), MtCIPK17 (MsCIPK11), and MtCIPK18 (MsCIPK12) were significantly increased under PEG, NaCl, and ABA treatments. Collectively, our study suggested that CBL and CIPK genes play crucial roles in response to various abiotic stresses in Medicago.

scholarly journals Design and experiment of self-propelled straw forage crop harvester

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402110244
Author(s):  
Fuyang Tian ◽  
Kelai Xia ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Zhanhua Song ◽  
Yinfa Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Cutting Height

The harvesting straw feed crops (silage corn, alfalfa, herbaceous mulberry, etc.) was tedious, high-labor-cost, and large-nutrient-loss. A self-propelled straw forage crop harvester, which could realize the integration of cutting, flattening and modulating, chopping, and throwing straw forage crops, was designed. The cutting angle could freely be adjusted between 0° and 8°. The max rotation speed of the flattening roller could reach 590 r/min and could be adjusted consecutively by the hydraulic control device. To verify the performance of this machine, several harvesting experiments of alfalfa, silage corn, and herbaceous mulberry with different moisture, were carried out on this machine. During the experiment, the average working speed of the machine was 1.6 m/s, the cutting height was 40–80 mm, and the flattening rate was 97.14%. It is determined that the suitable cutting speed for harvesting alfalfa is 2131 r/min; the suitable cutting speed for harvesting silage corn is 836 r/min; the suitable cutting speed for harvesting herb mulberry is 1045 r/min. The design of the machine can not only improve labor productivity and reduce the nutrient loss of forage crop but also support the silage harvesting machinery and equipment for forage crop.

scholarly journals PSXII-17 Trace minerals source influences the performance of Nellore cattle in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 445-446
Author(s):  
Iorrano A Cidrini ◽  
Josiane F Lage ◽  
Igor Ferreira ◽  
Karla Oliveira ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Liver Concentration ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract The relative bioavailability of trace minerals may vary between the sources and impact the animal performance. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of TM source (Cu and Zn) on the liver concentration and performance of Nellore cattle supplemented in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season. A hundred and twenty Nellore young bulls (BW = 349.72 ± 24 kg; 24 months), blocked by BW, were assigned randomly to twelve paddocks (six paddocks/treatment and 10 animals/paddock). Animals grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and supplemented at 5 g/kg BW with soybean meal, corn and mineral mix (250 g/kg of CP and 650 g/kg de NDT, natural matter basis). Supplements consisted of 40 mg Cu and 148 mg Zn/kg DM from either inorganic TM (ITM) or hydroxy TM (HTM) Intellibond® sources. Liver samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study (three animals per paddock). Animals were weighed at each period (30 days) during three periods. Period was used as a REPEATED measurement for BW and values of initial BW as independent covariates for all variables. Paddock was considered experimental unit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED, SAS 9.4. The animals supplemented with HTM had higher (+0.037 kg/day) general ADG (day 0 to 90; P = 0.012), with 0.469 and 0.506 kg/day to ITM and HTM, respectively. Final BW (day 90) from animals fed HTM was 5.13 kg higher than ITM (391.97 vs. 397.11 kg BW; P = 0.030). No differences were found in the liver concentrations of Cu and Zn between ITM or HTM (P ≥ 0.288). Cu and Zn from HTM improve the performance of animals supplemented in pasture compared to ITM sources.

scholarly journals Pre-emergence application of (thio)urea analogues compromises the development of the weed species Bidens pilosa, Urochloa brizantha, and Urochloa decumbens

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Dandara R. Muniz ◽  
Janaina S. Garcia ◽  
Taniris C. Braga ◽  
Ângelo de Fátima ◽  
Luzia V. Modolo
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

Puccinia levis var. brachiariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia levis var. brachiariae comb. nov., which causes small lesions on young stems and leaf lamina of the host plant and, where present in quantity, could significantly reduce vigour. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Malawi, Uganda, Zambia and Brazil) and hosts (Brachiaria brizantha [Urochloa brizantha], B. decumbens [Urochloa decumbens], B. humidicola [Urochloa humidicola] and an unnamed Brachiaria sp.).

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