NESTING HABITS OF SPHEX XANTHOPTERUS (CAM.) (HYMEN.)

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Lepidopterous Larva ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Short Tunnel ◽  
Adult Wasp

Certain of the nesting habits of the wasp, Sphex xanthopterus (Cam.), have been observed at and near Los Angeles, California. The insect nests for the most part in the moist or wet, sandy soil of the river bed. It digs a short tunnel and enlarges it into a cell at the end. Into this is stored a stung lepidopterous larva, often the young of the moth, Zale lunata (Drury) and its varieties, to the side of which is fastened the egg of the wasp. The entrance to the tunnel and nest is then closed and in due time, if all goes well the egg hatches, the larva devours the prey, spins its cocoon, pupates, and later emerges an adult wasp. A more detailed account of some of the facts in its nesting habits and life history is given below.

scholarly journals The biology of Limacina retroversa

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clione Limacina

The Plymouth Fauna List contains records of two genera of pteropods, Limacina and Clione. Of the first, Limacina retroversa (Flem.) is by far the better-known species, apparently occurring regularly at Plymouth in large numbers in townettings from outside, and sometimes inside, the Sound. It breeds at Plymouth from June to August, and Lebour (1932) has given a detailed account of its breeding and larval stages and has discussed its role in the plankton. The second species of Limacina at Plymouth is lesueuri (d'Orbigny), which has been observed from time to time since 1906, when it was very common. The last record in the Fauna is off the Breakwater in 1920. Of the gymnosomatous pteropods, Clione limacina Phipps is the only species regularly occurring. Lebour (1931) has described the life history of this form, and mentions February to August as its months of greatest abundance. Its breeding season is June to August. Another gymnosome, tentatively referred to as Clionina longicauda, is reported by Russell (1936), and from the specimen department at Plymouth Laboratory the writer obtained some preserved specimens, not easily identifiable, of a Pneumodermopsis taken locally; its species is perhaps ciliata, recorded by Massy (1917) from the Irish Coast.

Studies of the Life History and Ecology of the Ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Way
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Oecophylla Longinoda ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Food Reserves

In British East Africa Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.) var. textor Santschi is locally common in the costal region. Inland it is absent from higher altitudes and from areas where there is a pronounced dry season.In Zanzibar Island, O. longinoda at least 89 species of trees and shurbs; the largest populations occur on the clove (Jambosa caryophyllus), Citrus spp., Bridelia micrantha and Canthium zanzibaricum.The nesting habits and colony composition of O. longinoda are such that one colony may spread over a number of adjacent trees; it contains only one gravid queen.Winged virgin sexual forms are released at the beginning of the wet seasons and new colonies are initiated by a single queen, who uses her food reserves to bring the first batch of brood to maturity.In Zanzibzr, O. longinoda tends a wide range of Homoptera that produce honey-dew, but apparently “ prefers ” certain Coccids, notably Saissetia spp.The degree of attention afforded by an ant species determines the species of Homoptera which it is able to attend.The insect species preyed upon by O. longinoda include the honey bee, Apis mellifera, and the driver ant, Dorylus nigricans, of which large numbers may be destroyed.O. longinoda is of undoubted value for controlling certain coconut pests, notably Theraptus sp. (Coreidae), and its efficiency in coconut plantations could probably be much enhanced.

scholarly journals Description of a new species of Neocressionella Gupta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from North western India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-781
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kumari ◽  
Neelima R. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Western India ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
North Western ◽  
A New Species ◽  
The Way

A new species, Megachile (Neocressionella) patialensis is described from Patiala, India. Full description of male with their floral relationship, morphological measurements and specimens examined is provided. Knowledge of the life history and nesting habits of Megachile bees will pave the way for their manipulation so that these can be used to increase pollination. Documentation of the genera and species will increase our knowledge of the biodiversity of these bees in the study area.

Life History of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggot Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder) (Diptera: Otitidae) in Southern Alberta

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Tetanops Myopaeformis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Root Maggot

Sugar beets are grown on approximately 38,000 acres of irrigated land in southern Alberta and their culture is a stabilizing influence on the economy of the irrigated districts. The sugar-beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder), has been a pest of sugar heets in the sandy soil areas of southern Alberta since 1955 and caused serious damage in the same area from 1934 to 1937. This insect has been a problem also in Manitoba, North Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado (Allen et al., 1959; Callenbach et al., 1957; Hawley, 1922; Jones et al., 1952; Maxson, 1948). Considerable experimental work has been done on the control of this pest in Alberta (Harper et al., 1961a; Harper et al., 1961b; Lilly et al., 1961), but there have been no detailed studies published on the life history of the insect in Canada and there is very little information from elsewhere. In 1922 Hawley published notes on the biology of the insect in Utah. The present paper describes the life history of T. myopaeformis in southern Alberta.

Influence of cell density of Escherichia coli and the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii on life history traits of the nematode Panagrolaimus sp. strain NFS 24-5, a potential larval food for marine aquaculture

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Ayub ◽  
Olaf Strauch ◽  
Laurent Seychelles ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Life History ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Crypthecodinium Cohnii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
A Cell

The nematode Panagrolaimus sp. NFS 24-5 has potential for use as living food for larval shrimps and fish in marine aquaculture. The nematodes are usually produced on bacterial or yeast cells. Nematodes cannot synthesise the long chain fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is essential for feeding marine aquaculture organisms. The eukaryotic, heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii consists of approximately 20% DHA. To culture the nematodes and simultaneously enrich them with DHA, single adult male and female individuals were cultured in hanging drops with variable cell density of C. cohnii. Life history traits, such as net reproductive rate (), population doubling time (PDT) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (), were assessed and compared with data obtained from cultures on Escherichia coli. A maximum was recorded at a cell density of 4 × 106 C. cohnii cells ml−1, corresponding to 2478.82 μg dry mass ml−1. The same was achieved with 7× lower biomass of E. coli at a cell density of 3 × 109 cells ml−1, corresponding to 335.63 μg dry mass ml−1. The results exclude the use of the dinoflagellate culture from application in mass production of the nematode for aquaculture food and limit the use to post-harvest enrichment of the nematodes with essential fatty acids. At a density of 3 × 109 E. coli cells ml−1 the PDT was lowest and the was highest, indicating that this cell density might be closest to optimum conditions for nematode reproduction. Exceeding this cell density yielded fewer offspring within a longer time period. Implications for mass production in monoxenic liquid cultures are discussed.

First report of the genus Kohliella Brauns, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Crabroninae) from India with the species K. anula Pulawski, 1991 from Kerala

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4890 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-150
Author(s):  
N.V. AYISHA MAWADDA ◽  
P. GIRISH KUMAR ◽  
P.M. SURESHAN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tree Cricket ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
First Time

The digger wasp genus Kohliella Brauns, 1910, a member of the tribe Larrini, subfamily Crabroninae of the family Crabronidae, is a rarely occurring genus comprising only three known species worldwide (Pulawski 1991; 2020). The genus has been recorded from the Ethiopian (South Africa and Zimbabwe; two species) and Oriental (Sri Lanka; one species) regions. Brauns (1910) erected the genus based on the type species Kohliella alaris from South Africa. The genus is characterized by a V-shaped swelling on the frons, an oblong tubercle on the mandible and a petiolate third submarginal cell of the forewing (Bohart & Menke 1976; Pulawski 1991). The nesting habits are known only for Kohliella alaris. Gess and Gess (1980) studied the life history of this species. It preys on nymphal tree cricket Oecanthus filiger Walker, and nests in the ground in flat, sandy areas with sparse vegetation; nests are constructed prior to hunting. In this paper, Kohliella anula Pulawski, 1991, previously known from Sri Lanka only, is recorded for the first time from India. 

The Biology of the Coconut Pest Melittomma insulare (Col., Lymexylonidae), and its Control in the Seychelles

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Wood Boring

The biology of Melittomma insulare Fairm. (Coleoptera, Lymexylonidae), a wood-boring pest of coconuts in the Seychelles and northern Madagascar, has been studied from all angles, with the object of discovering practical means of control.The stages in the life-history are figured and briefly discussed, supplementary details being given to the earlier accounts of Vesey-FitzGerald and others.The feeding habits of the larvae ae described in some detail, with particular reference to their association with micro-organisms which were almost invariably detected in infested wood surrounding the tunnels. The larva is shown to feed on fluid extracted from the parenchymatous tissues and not on solid wood.The course of the development of an infestation in an individual trunk is described in detail, culminating in the fall of the palm. Variations in this process are correlated with the age of the palm and other factors. The spread of infestations through plantations and islands is also discussed. A detailed account is given of the symptoms shown by attacked palms, together with a critical revision of certain changes which have in the past been attributed to Melittomma attack.An account is given of the occurrence of M. insulare in certain palms other than coconuts, in which it has been found.

The Crinia laevis complex (Anura : Leptodactylidae) in south-eastern Australia

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Littlejohn ◽  
AA Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

On the basis of the presence of a call distinct from that of Crinia laevis (Gunther) and the absence of hybrids in sympatry, the species C. victoriana Boulenger is reestablished. A detailed account of the morphology, breeding biology, life history, and geographical distribution of these species is given. Their zoogeographical position in relation to the Bassian subregion is considered and a possible pattern of speciation advanced.

scholarly journals Life-history evolution in ants: the case of Cardiocondyla

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1850) ◽  
pp. 20161406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Heinze
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Nesting Habits

Ants are important components of most terrestrial habitats, and a better knowledge of the diversity of their life histories is essential to understand many aspects of ecosystem functioning. The myrmicine genus Cardiocondyla shows a wide range of colony structures, reproductive behaviours, queen and male lifespans, and habitat use. Reconstructing the evolutionary pathways of individual and social phenotypic traits suggests that the ancestral life history of Cardiocondyla was characterized by the presence of multiple, short-lived queens in small-sized colonies and a male polyphenism with winged dispersers and wingless fighters, which engage in lethal combat over female sexuals within their natal nests. Single queening, queen polyphenism, the loss of winged males and tolerance among wingless males appear to be derived traits that evolved with changes in nesting habits, colony size and the spread from tropical to seasonal environments. The aim of this review is to bring together the information on life-history evolution in Cardiocondyla and to highlight the suitability of this genus for functional genomic studies of adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, senescence, invasiveness and other key life-history traits of ants.

The Development and Morphology of the Miracidium of Paramphistomum hiberniae Willmott, 1950

1952 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Not Given ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paramphistomum Cervi ◽  
A New Species

Since the description by Looss in 1892 of the life-history of Diplodiscus subclavatus, and in 1896 of the miracidia of Gastrothylax gregarius, G. aegyptiacus and Paramphistomum cervi, there have been very few accounts of paramphistome life-histories. Gary (1909) published an account of the life-history of Diplodiscus temperatus, which Cort considered to be incorrect, and Krull and Price (1982) repeated the work on the same species. Beaver (1929) published an account of all the developmental stages of Allassostoma parvum except the sporocyst; Brumpt (1986) described the cercaria and the experimental infection of the intermediate and final hosts of P. cervi in Corsica. Willey (1941) has described the life-history and bionomics of Zygocotyle lunata, but has not given a very detailed account of the development of the egg and miracidium. The fullest account of a paramphistome has been given by Bennett (1986) of a species which was identified as Cotyhphoron cotylophorum, but which Price and Mackintosh (1944) consider to be a new species of the genus Paramphistomum, namely P. microbothrioides. Since the submission of this paper as part of a thesis for the Ph.D. degree, two further papers on the development of paramphistomes have come to the notice of the author. These are by Sinha (1950) on the development of C. cotylophorum in India, and by Willey and Godman (1951) on that of Z. lunata in America.

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