Air Ions and Blood pH of the Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L.

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-304
Author(s):  
M. G. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Air Ions ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ionized Air ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Wax Moth

AbstractThat insect blood pH can be altered by air ions was shown when larvae of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., were exposed to air ions at ion currents of 3 × 10−9 amp. Negative ions significantly raised the pH value over that of controls. Positive ions tended to depress the pH values, but the difference from the controls was slight and not significant. It is suggested that altered pH may be reflected in increased activity of insects when exposed to ionized air.

scholarly journals A new process of negative-ion formation. IV

1938 ◽  
Vol 168 (932) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Ions ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
New Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come ◽  
Positive Ion

The three previous papers of this series (Arnot and Milligan 1936 b ; Arnot 1937 a, b ) contain an account of experimental work which led the senior author to propose a new process of negative-ion formation. This process is the formation of negative ions at metal surfaces by bombardment of the surface with positive ions, the negative ion being formed by the positive ion capturing two electron from the surface. Further work carried out during the past year, which is described in this paper, has revealed a new variation of the above process. In this latter process the impinging positive ion causes an adsorbed atom on the surface to come off as a negative ion. It is believed that this newer process is essentially similar to the process previously reported, the difference being due merely to the transference of excitation energy from the incident positive ion, after its capture of an electron, to the atom adsorbed on the surface. The discovery of this second effect was made independently by Sloane and Press (1938), although they attribute it to a different process.

Geophysical Variables and Behavior: V. Human Performance in Ionized Air

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Farmer ◽  
Andrea Bendix
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Air Ions ◽  
Negative Air Ions ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ionized Air ◽  
And Behavior

An experiment was conducted to investigate the claim that human performance may be enhanced by exposure to artificially high concentrations of negative air ions. 16 subjects, only half of whom were informed of the ion level in each session, performed reasoning, psychomotor, and memory-search tasks. Despite adequate control of confounding variables, no clear evidence was obtained in support of the view that negative ions in the air influence performance.

Distribution of long-chain fatty acids among the lipid classes of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Lindsay ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Unesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Partial Glyceride ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wax Moth

The larval lipids of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus), which differ markedly in their palmitoleic acid content, were separated on silicic acid columns into five fractions, viz. (1) cholesterol ester, (2) triglyceride, (3) unesterified fatty acid and cholesterol, (4) partial glyceride, and (5) phospholipid. The fractions were analyzed for individual fatty acids. For each species of insect, palmitoleic acid was found to be distributed among the glyceride and phospholipid fractions in its characteristic proportion in the total fatly acids of that species. Thus the difference in the proportion of palmitoleic acid in the lipids of the two species cannot be attributed to preferential exclusion of palmitoleic acid from the triglycerides of Galleria mellonella. In Lucilia sericata the principal fatty acids are partitioned among the glyceride and phospholipid fractions to virtually the same degree, but in Galleria mellonella they are partitioned unevenly. This unevenness in partitioning is most evident with linoleic acid, which is relatively high in the phospholipids.

scholarly journals Atmospheric ions and comfort

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Koch
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Air Motion ◽  
Negative Ionization ◽  
Ionized Air ◽  
Apparently Healthy

1. Fifteen apparently healthy persons were exposed to air enriched with positive or negative ions at 78° F. and 87° F. Average ion counts at 78° F. were 12,324 positive ions per ml. and 5,451 negative ions per ml. The averages at 87° F. were 14,865 positive ions per ml. and 5,442 negative ions per ml. Relative humidity was kept at 50% and air motion was 28 ft./min.2. Seven sensations related to comfort (thermal sensation, humidity sensation, sensible perspiration, air motion, pleasantness, mood and fatigue) were recorded, pulse rate and oral temperature were measured.3. In the experiments at 78° F. mood was improved (P < 0·001) by positive ionization. All other qualities remained unaffected by positive ionization. No effect was found under negative ionization at the ion concentration applied.4. In the experiments at 87° F. five sensations (thermal sensation, sensible perspiration, pleasantness, mood and fatigue) were significantly (P < 0·001) improved by ionized air. In general, as can be seen from the significantly differences between grand means, the subjects felt cooler, perspired less, felt more pleasant, were in a better mood, and felt less fatigued under the influence of air enriched with ions.Air motion sensation, humidity sensation, pulse rate and oral temperature were not affected by ionization.5. As different individuals may vary in their response to ionization, individual preferences were tested. These tests indicated that at 87° F. six out of the fifteen persons tested preferred ionized air (P < 0·001). One person preferred air not enriched with ions (P = 0·0091).

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROAEROINE AIR COMPOSITION IN PUBLIC PREMISES FOR PERSONS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
V. Chenchevoi ◽  
K. Danova ◽  
O. Chencheva ◽  
A. Perekrest ◽  
D. Hrigorieva
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Air Ions ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Ionized Air ◽  
High Level ◽  
Saline Solutions

The purpose of this work is scientific substantiation and optimization of hydroaeroionic composition of air in public places to create safe living and working conditions for people with special needs using a modern ultrasonic ionizer. Measurements were performed by the developed method using an air saion counter "Sapphire 3K" and using a thermoanemometer TM-4001. To perform the analysis of experimental research data, the method of mathematical planning of the experiment according to the scheme of rotatable central composite planning (RCCP) was used, which is based on regression analysis. The possibility of using for the process of hydroaeroionization of premises where there are people with special needs of saline solutions of different degrees of concentration to increase the concentration of negative ions has been investigated. Analysis of experimental data showed that increasing the concentration of saline solutions leads to a decrease in the intensity of formation of hydroaeroions in the room. Minimizing the mineralization of water will allow you to get the optimal concentration of hydroaeroions with artificial ionization of the room where people with disabilities are. Mathematical processing of the obtained data allowed to establish the combined effect of indoor air velocity (v) and distance to UGA (s) on the concentration of positive and negative aerons when using mineralized water of different degrees of concentration. The obtained result can be applied at designing and development of control system of the ultrasonic generator of air ions for the purpose of creation of the most comfortable high-quality ionized air in rooms where there are persons with special needs.: Synthesized regression models of concentrations of hydroaeroions, which describe the relationship between the velocity of air in the room and the distance to the ultrasonic generator of air ions during artificial ionization of rooms for people with special needs. The adequacy of the models is checked by the coefficient of determination, which proves the high level of correlation of the system coefficients.

Effects of Air Ions on Duration and Rate of Sustained Flight of the Blowfly, Phoenicia sericata Meigen

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Insect Flight ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Ion Currents ◽  
Air Ions ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Normal Laboratory

AbstractThat insect flight is influenced by air ions was shown when blowflies, Phoenicia sericata Meigen, were exposed to air ions at ion currents of about 3.4 × 10−11 amp. Positive ions resulted in longer, faster flights than did normal laboratory air, and there were steep increases and decreases in speed. Negative ions resulted in relatively fast, steady flight that usually lasted longer than in positively ionized or in laboratory air. After exposure to positive ions, exposure to alternating polarities resulted in a steady net increase in flight speed but exposure to alternating polarities after exposure to negative ions had no effect on flight.

scholarly journals On the electric charge collected by water drops falling through ionized air in a vertical electric field

1933 ◽  
Vol 142 (846) ◽  
pp. 248-268 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Vertical Electric Field ◽  
Lower Charge ◽  
Ionized Air

In connection with the theory of thunderclouds and of the electric charge brought down by rain, Wilson has suggested* the following mechanism. Consider an uncharged water drop falling vertically through ionized air. Let there be a vertical electric field, so that ions of one sign are moving down in the same direction as the drop falls, while ions of the other sign are moving up against the drop. The electric field induces equal charges of opposite signs on the upper and lower halves of the drop. Suppose now that the electric field has such an intensity that the velocity of the descending ions is less than the velocity of the falling drop. Under these conditions those descending ions which arc above the drop, cannot overtake the drop and so do not reach it, although attracted by the charge on its upper half. Those descending ions which are below and which the drop overtakes, are first repelled by the lower charge on the drop before being attracted by the upper charge and, since these charges are equal in the neutral drop, it is to be expected that these ions will not reach it. Ions coming up to meet the drop are attracted to the lower charge and give the drop a net charge. This destroys the equality of the induced charges and some of those ions which the drop overtakes are now attracted to it. A limiting condition will be approached in which the net charge is equal to some fraction of the induced charge. This mechanism does not depend on whether the electric field is directed vertically upwards or vertically downwards and for this reason specific mention of the sign of an ion has been avoided. In a particular case, suppose the potential gradient, measured upwards, to be negative, so that positive ions move up and negative ions move down. The charges on the upper and lower halves of the falling drop will then be positive and negative respectively. If the water drop falls more rapidly than the negative ions move down, it will collect a net positive charge, by selective absorption of positive ions at its lower negatively charged surface. Since a drop of 1 mm. radius has a terminal velocity of about 6 metres per second, the electric field must not exceed 400 volts/cm. for ions of mobility 1·5 cm./sec./volt/cm.

Numerical Simulation of Leakage Current on Conductive Insulator Surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9487-9492
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Method Of Lines ◽  
Electron Attachment ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Conduction Current ◽  
Insulator Surface ◽  
Finite Difference Approximations ◽  
Positive Ions

The outdoor insulator is commonly exposed to environmental pollution. The presence of water like raindrops and dew on the contaminant surface can lead to surface degradation due to leakage current. However, the physical process of this phenomenon is not well understood. Hence, in this study we develop a mathematical model of leakage current on the outdoor insulator surface using the Nernst Planck theory which accounts for the charge transport between the electrodes (negative and positive electrode) and charge generation mechanism. Meanwhile the electric field obeys Poisson’s equation. Method of Lines technique is used to solve the model numerically in which it converts the PDE into a system of ODEs by Finite Difference Approximations. The numerical simulation compares reasonably well with the experimental conduction current. The findings from the simulation shows that the conduction current is affected by the electric field distribution and charge concentration. The rise of the conduction current is due to the distribution of positive ion while the dominancy of electron attachment with neutral molecule and recombination with positive ions has caused a significant reduction of electron and increment of negative ions.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Treatment Parameters on Wrinkle Features

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Bongjun Gu ◽  
Dongwook Ko ◽  
Sungjin Jo ◽  
Dong Choon Hyun ◽  
Hyeon-Ju Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma ◽  
Optical Adhesive

Wrinkles attract significant attention due to their ability to enhance the mechanical and optical characteristics of various optoelectronic devices. We report the effect of the plasma gas type, power, flow rate, and treatment time on the wrinkle features. When an optical adhesive was treated using a low-pressure plasma of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen, the oxygen and argon plasma generated wrinkles with the lowest and highest wavelengths, respectively. The increase in the power of the nitrogen and oxygen plasma increased the wavelengths and heights of the wrinkles; however, the increase in the power of the argon plasma increased the wavelengths and decreased the heights of the wrinkles. Argon molecules are heavier and smaller than nitrogen and oxygen molecules that have similar weights and sizes; moreover, the argon plasma comprises positive ions while the oxygen and nitrogen plasma comprise negative ions. This resulted in differences in the wrinkle features. It was concluded that a combination of different plasma gases could achieve exclusive control over either the wavelength or the height and allow a thorough analysis of the correlation between the wrinkle features and the characteristics of the electronic devices.

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