LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATIONS OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) VUILLEMIN AGAINST GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS IN AFRICA

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Delgado ◽  
M.L. Lobo-Lima ◽  
C. Bradley ◽  
J.H. Britton ◽  
J.E. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractTwo isolates of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, GHA and BF, were evaluated in Cape Verde in 1991 and 1992 for infectivity to the Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss), and the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche and Fairmaire). Evaluations included laboratory bioassays and small-scale field trials. Laboratory bioassays evaluated five different formulations. Four of the formulations tested showed strong dose–response patterns and significantly higher mortality than the untreated control or carriers minus spores. All four formulations achieved high mortality levels when applied at economically feasible dose rates. The GHA and BF isolates, formulated in an oil carrier with an emulsifier, were equally infectious to migratory locust nymphs. Six different formulations of GHA were evaluated in field trials. Field trials evaluated both direct effects (treatment of field plots infested with O. senegalensis) and indirect effects (treatment of plots without grasshoppers, after which grasshoppers were introduced). In both cases, all six formulations showed good biocontrol potential. Grasshoppers exposed to treated plots up to 72 h after application exhibited comparatively high mortality levels, indicating that large numbers of spores remained viable in the field for at least 3 days. This was confirmed by analysis of the viability of conidia from vegetation samples obtained in the field following treatment. In open-plot, small-scale field trials, two different formulations (oil and clay-based) of GHA resulted in high rates of infection and approximately 45% reductions in grasshopper densities in the treated plots 7 days after application, even though density-reduction results were "diluted" by grasshopper migration into and out of the test plots. Results of the Cape Verde evaluations demonstrate that biopesticides developed from B. bassiana represent a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for grasshopper and locust control.

FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATIONS OF LEADING ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA CAPITO SAUSS IN MADAGASCAR

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Delgado ◽  
J.H. Britton ◽  
M.L. Lobo-Lima ◽  
E. Razafindratiana ◽  
W. Swearingen
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Oedaleus Senegalensis

AbstractThree leading entomopathogens isolated from Madagascar's migratory locust, Locusta migratoria capito Sauss, were evaluated in field and laboratory tests. In a field trial in Madagascar in 1994, two isolates of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (SP3 and SP9) and an isolate of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (SP16) were tested against L. migratoria capito. Locusts from field plots treated with SP9 experienced 100% mortality in 8 days, a higher death rate than that found in locusts treated with M. flavoviride SP3 or B. bassiana SP16. However, locusts treated with M. flavoviride SP3 or B. bassiana SP16 had significantly higher mortality than did the untreated controls. In separate field and laboratory trials in Cape Verde in 1994, SP9 was also tested against the Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis Krauss. Oedaleus senegalensis treated in small-scale field plots with SP9 experienced 100% mortality in 8 days, a significantly higher death rate than that of the untreated controls. An extensive laboratory bioassay with SP9 revealed a dose–response for rate of mortality to O. senegalensis. Results from these trials in Madagascar and Cape Verde suggest that one or more of the Malagasy strains evaluated have good potential for biocontrol of locusts and grasshoppers.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Komik Matematika Berbasis Kontekstual Untuk Materi Lingkaran

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Elfrida Rif’atul Chusniah ◽  
Rini Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Scale Field

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan komik matematika berbasis kontekstual untuk materi lingkaran yang berkualitas baik berdasarkan tiga kriteria, yaitu valid, praktis, dan efektif. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D). Prosedur-prosedur pengembangan yang digunakan meliputi empat langkah: (1) melakukan perencanaan produk yang akandikembangkan, (2) mengembangkan produk awal, (3) validasi dan revisi produk, (4) uji coba lapangan skala kecil dan revisi. Uji coba komik dilakukan secara terbatas oleh 10 siswa kelas VIII SMP. Teknik pengumpulan data yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket, sedangkan instrumen penelitian yangdigunakan meliputi lembar validasi, angket penggunaan media, dan angket respon siswa. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komik matematika dinyatakan valid dengan skor kevalidan 4 oleh ahli media dan 3,9 oleh ahli materi dari skor maksimum 5 sehingga dikategorikan valid, komik matematika dinyatakan praktis dengan hasil analisis persentase kepraktisan 76,28 % dan komik matematika dinyatakan efektif degan hasil analisis persentase keefektifan 79,4%, sehingga dikategorikan efektif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka media komik ini memiliki kualitas yang baik sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai satu upaya atau alternatif media dalam proses pembelajaran sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dan menciptakan suasana yang menyenangkan bagi siswa.Kata Kunci: media pembelajaran, komik matematika, lingkaranThis research is a research that aims to develop contextual based mathematical comics for good quality circle material based on three criteria, namely valid, practical, and effective. The design of this research is Research and Development (R&D). The development procedures used include four steps: (1) conducting product planning to be developed, (2) developing initial products, (3) product validation and revision, (4) small-scale field trials and revisions. Comic trials are limited to 10 students in grade VIII SMP. Data collection techniques applied in this study were questionnaires, while the research instruments used included validation sheets, media use questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The research data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that mathematics comics are declared valid with a validity score of 4 by media experts and 3.9 by material experts from a maximum score of 5 so that they are categorized valid, mathematical comics are declared practical with the results of a practicality percentage analysis of 76.28% and mathematical comics are declared effective with the result of the analysis of the effectiveness percentage is 79.4%, so it is categorized as effective. Based on these results, this comic media has good quality so that it can be used as an alternative media used by teachers in the teaching and learning process in an effort to improve the quality of education and create a pleasant atmosphere for students.Keywords: learning media, mathematical comics, circles

scholarly journals Off-Site Lime Stabilisation as an Option to Treat Pit Latrine Faecal Sludge for Emergency and Existing On-Site Sanitation Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Greya ◽  
Bernard Thole ◽  
Catherine Anderson ◽  
Flavius Kamwani ◽  
Jan Spit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Off-site lime stabilisation for treating faecal sludge was assessed by undertaking small-scale (35 L) and large-scale (600 L) field trials in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was dosed to maintain pH 10, pH 10.5, pH 11, pH 11.5, and pH 12 depending on the buffer capacity of the faecal sludge in the four replica small-scale field trials. Significant reduction of E. coli to below the detection limit of 104 CFU/100 mL within 1 hour of treatment was reported for pH > 11. Based on the small-scale findings, large-scale field trials were conducted and greater than 3 log removal of E. coli was observed under pH 12 conditions. Therefore, based on the study, off-site lime stabilisation by dosing lime in the range of 10–35% w/w (dry solid basis), depending on the buffer capacity and solids content of the sludge to maintain pH > 11, can be used to sanitise faecal sludge during emergencies, as well as for existing on-site sanitation systems.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH TEACHING MATERIALS WITH POSTER PRESENTATION ASSISTED VLOG

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Rasmita Rasmita ◽  
Shally Amna
Keyword(s):  
Poster Presentation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Expert Validation

The purpose of this research is to produce English language teaching materials 1 through the implementation of poster presentation assisted vlog strategies for improving language skills and student learning outcomes at private Universities in Padang. This research uses research and development (RD) methods. The stages of development in this study using the development procedures of the Puslitjaknov team include; (1) needs analysis, (2) initial product development, (3) expert validation and revision, (4) small-scale field trials, (5) large-scale field trials. Data collection methods in this study are the observation sheets, questionnaires, expert validation sheets and evaluation (tests). The results of this development research are effective and applicable English 1 teaching materials used for non-English major students.

Federal Uncertainty or Inconsistency? Releasing the New Agricultural-Environmental Biotechnology Into the Fields

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Stewart ◽  
A. Ann Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Biotechnology ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Biotechnology Products ◽  
By Products

This article reviews the regulation of the new agricultural-environmental biotechnology and recent changes in the regulatory framework in the United States. Regulations put in place in the mid-1980s were established due to concern over potential risks posed by products not yet released into the environment. Now that over a thousand small-scale field trials have been carried out and various new agricultural-environmental biotechnology products have been in farmers' fields for the past several years, questions are being raised about the current regulatory system by both proponents, who want greater deregulation due to the relative absence of ecological harm, and opponents, who warn against potential environmental catastrophe due to greater variety and amount of new agricultural-environmental products being released. Therefore, we focus on triggers for regulation, which appear to hinge on the “naturalness” of a product, and trends in field release of these products.

scholarly journals Pengembangan model strategi serangan “between the line” dalam permainan futsal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Habibi ◽  
Asep Ardiyanto ◽  
Maftukin Hudah
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Attack Strategy

This research method is development, (Research and Development). This research was conducted in 6 stages, namely: 1) and 2) Small-scale field trials practicing unopposed attack strategies, 3) and 4) Large-scale trials with a match system with one's own team, 5) and 6) Large-scale trials with match system with different teams. Based on the results of validation carried out by material experts and media experts, the final percentage is 93% (3-1 Easy), 95% (2-2 Normal), 93% (3-1 Difficult), 93% (3-1 Very Difficult) ). For a small scale player response questionnaire obtained a percentage of 90.6% (3-1 Easy), 83.7% (2-2 Normal), 90.6% (3-1 Difficult), 88.1% (3-1 Very difficult) and large scale get the percentage of 92.2% (3-1 Easy), 88.75% (2-2 Normal), 94.7% (3-1 Difficult), 93.4% (3-1 Very difficult) ). For the results of observations, small-scale researchers get a percentage of 100% (3-1 Easy), 100% (2-2 Normal), 100% (3-1 Difficult), 100% (3-1 Very difficult) and large scale get a percentage of 83 % (3-1 Easy), 42% (2-2 Normal), 83% (3-1 Hard), 83% (3-1 Very Hard). Based on the research results, it was found that the development product was 3-1 Easy Attack Strategy, 2-2 Normal, 3-1 Difficult, 3-1 Very difficult in the form of Storyboard Script and analysis video

scholarly journals Small-scale field assessment of efficacy of the autodissemination approach against Aedes sp. in an urban area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom ◽  
Hidayatulfathi Othman ◽  
Rawaida Bahauddin ◽  
Nazni Wasi Ahmad ◽  
Lee Han Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vector Control Programme ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Future Evaluation

AbstractThis is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of an autodissemination approach, as suggested by WHO. Therefore, the efficacy of an autodissemination approach in small-scale field trials against wild Aedes sp. population was evaluated in an urbanized setting, Malaysia. Lethal ovitraps enhanced with pyriproxyfen were used to control Aedes sp. populations at treatment sites, with the autodissemination activity was assessed using the WHO larval bioassays. Lethal ovitraps enhanced with pyriproxyfen effectively reduced of Aedes sp. population. All autodissemination stations were shown to be visited by Aedes sp. mosquitoes with 100% complete inhibition against eggs and larvae development. In the larvae bioassay, pupae mortality ranged from 14 to 40%. Statistically, a significant reduction of Aedes sp. population in the treatment sites compared to the untreated areas. The study proved for the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen to breeding habitats by wild Aedes sp. This technique is highly potentially for vector control activities. Future evaluation should focus on large-scale field trials.Author SummarySince 2012, Dataran Automobil, Seksyen 15, Shah Alam, was declared as one of the dengue hotspot areas. Major vector control activities were conducted by government, NGOs, social communities, and local authorities, but the number still rising. We conducted a new invention of autodissemination concepts in this area by an entomological study on mosquito populations reduction and dispersal abilities of the technique. We found that the technique has proven to control mosquito populations, but the other factors such as epidemiology link still unclear and need further clarification. Our finding highlighted the effectiveness of autodissemination strategies that can be considered as one of the alternative tools in vector control programme.

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