Effect of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) attack density on Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
Laurel J. Haavik ◽  
Brett P. Hurley ◽  
Jeremy D. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Density Treatment

AbstractPopulation density is often a critical factor in colonisation of trees by bark and wood-boring insects and may determine whether an exotic species is likely to establish and spread. In a manipulative field study, we investigated whether density of the attacking population of an exotic invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), affected survival and time-to-death of a favoured host tree, Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus (Pinaceae). We introduced mating pairs of woodwasps to stressed P. sylvestris at either high (15 mating pairs, nine trees) or low (two mating pairs, nine trees) density. More trees died, and more quickly, when exposed to the high versus low density of S. noctilio (78% versus 33% of trees). In the high-density treatment, year of tree death was synonymous with production of a S. noctilio F1 cohort (one-year or two-year generation time); this pattern was not as consistent in the low-density treatment. Although sample size was limited, our results indicate that attack density affects S. noctilio colonisation of P. sylvestris.

Population biology of the European woodwasp,Sirex noctilio, in Galicia, Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Lombardero ◽  
M.P. Ayres ◽  
F.E. Krivak-Tetley ◽  
K.N.E. Fitza
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
One Year

AbstractSirex noctilioFabricius (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) is rare and rarely studied where it is native in Eurasia, but is a widespread pest of pines in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we report on the abundance, basic biology, host use patterns and natural enemies of nativeS. noctilioin Galicia, Spain. Most trees attacked byS. noctiliofailed to produce any adult progeny: >90% of emergences came from <20% of the attacked trees. The highest reproduction was inPinus pinaster, followed byPinus sylvestrisandPinus radiata.The proportions ofS. noctiliorequiring 1, 2 or 3 years for development were 0.72: 0.24: 0.04. Delayed development could be an adaptation to avoid parasitic nematodes, which sterilized 41.5% adults with one year generation time but only 19% of adults with 2 years generation time. Hymenoptera parasitoids accounted for 20% mortality. Sex ratios were male biased at 1: 2.9. Body size and fecundity were highly variable and lower than previously reported from the Southern Hemisphere. On attacked trees, there were 5–20 attacks per standard log (18 dm2), with usually 1–3 drills per attack. Attack densities and drills per attack were higher in trees that subsequently died. The production ofS. noctilioper log was positively related to total attacks, and negatively related to: (1) attack density, (2) incidence of blue stain fromOphiostomafungi and (3) frequency of lesions in plant tissue around points of attack. A preliminary life table for S.noctilioin Galicia estimated effects on potential population growth rate from (in decreasing order of importance) host suitability, unequal sex ratio, parasitic nematodes and Hymenoptera parasitoids.

Putative origin of clonal lineages of Amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont associated with Sirex noctilio, retrieved from Pinus sylvestris, in eastern Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Bergeron ◽  
Isabel Leal ◽  
Brett Foord ◽  
Grace Ross ◽  
Chuck Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Putative Origin

Patient-reported health and 1-year mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease – findings from the Denheart study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rasmussen ◽  
B Borregaard ◽  
P Palm ◽  
R Mols ◽  
A.V Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pro Instruments

Abstract Background Though survival has improved markedly in ischemic heart disease (IHD), it remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Screening tools to identify patients at risk are ever in demand. Large-scale studies exploring the association between patients' self-reported mental and physical health and mortality are lacking. Purpose (i) to describe patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at discharge in IHD patients deceased and alive at one year, (ii) to investigate the discriminant predictive performance of PRO instruments on mortality, (iii) to investigate differences in time to death among survey responders/non-responders and among three diagnostic sub-groups (chronic ischemic heart disease/stable angina, non-STEMI/unstable angina and STEMI), and (iv) to investigate predictors of one-year mortality among sociodemographic, clinical and self-reported factors. Methods Data from the national DenHeart survey with register-data linkage was used. A total of 14,115 adults with IHD were discharged during one year. Eligible (n=13,476) were invited to complete a questionnaire and 7,167 (53%) responded. Questionnaires included the Health survey short form 12-items (SF-12), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQoL-5-dimensions (EQ-5D), HeartQoL, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and ancillary questions. Clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained from registries as were data on one-year mortality. Comparative analyses investigated differences in PROs, and discriminant PRO-performance was explored by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis explored differences in time to death across sub-groups. Predictors of mortality were explored using multifactorially adjusted cox regression analyses with time to death as underlying timescale. Results Highly significant and clinically important differences in PROs were found between those alive and those deceased at one year. The best discriminant performance was observed for the physical component scale of the SF-12 (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.706) (Figure 1). One-year mortality among responders and non-responders was 2% and 7%, respectively. Significant differences in time to death was observed between responders and non-responders (p&lt;0.001) and among diagnostic subgroups (p&lt;0.001). Strongest predictors of one-year mortality included STEMI (hazard ratio (HR) 2.9 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–3.7), Tu comorbidity index score 3+ (HR 3.6, 95% CI 2.7–4.8) and patient-reported feeling unsafe about returning home from hospital (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.2–3.61). Conclusions One-year post-discharge mortality was expectedly low, however notably higher in certain subgroups. Though clinical predictors may be difficult to modify, factors such as feeling unsafe about returning home should be addressed at discharge. PRO-performance estimates may guide clinicians and researchers in choosing appropriate predictive patient-reported outcome tools. Figure 1. PRO instruments ROC curves Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The impact of Sirex noctilio in Pinus resinosa and Pinus sylvestris stands in New York and Ontario

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Dodds ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
David A. Orwig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Attack Behavior ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact

Sirex noctilio Fabricius has a long history as an invasive insect species in pine plantations throughout the Southern Hemisphere and has been recently discovered in North America, where it is uncertain how this insect will behave in pine ecosystems. To assess the impact and attack behavior of S. noctilio, forest surveys and measurements from attacked and unattacked trees were taken in nine Pinus resinosa Ait. and Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in New York, USA, and Ontario, Canada. There was a trend of S. noctilio attacking suppressed trees with smaller live crowns and reduced growth. Some S. noctilio attacks were also found in dominant crown classes but at a lower rate than overtopped or intermediate classes. Sirex noctilio appeared to have more of an impact in P. sylvestris forests, as they attacked more stems (9%–18%) and higher basal area (1.6–5.5 m2/ha) than P. resinosa stands (3%–8% of stems and 0.4–2.4 m2/ha). Dead trees with signs of Siricidae and dead from other causes were also quantified, and in some P. resinosa stands, levels were greater in magnitude than S. noctilio losses. Data from this study suggest that silvicultural treatments should be a key component of integrated pest management plans for S. noctilio.

Increased boron concentrations of Scots pine foliage induced by green pruning

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434-1440
Author(s):  
Heikki Nuorteva
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Dead Branch ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pruning Residues ◽  
The Dead ◽  
One Year ◽  
Green Pruning

The responses of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) foliar boron (B) concentrations to artificial defoliation by green pruning were studied by examining sample trees for 3 years after the treatments. In winter, concentrations of boron in foliage were determined individually from needles on the lateral top shoots of 168 sample trees (at the beginning 2–8 m, at the end 4–10 m tall). To prevent the pruning residues from affecting the nutrition of the sample trees, all pruned branches were transported away from the research area. Before pruning, there were no differences in foliar B among the pruning classes. Reduction of the living crown by pruning (LCRP, % of the initial crown ratio) 50% or more increased the concentrations of foliar B drastically for 3 years. The increase was greatest in the largest trees with the highest LCRP (about 70%), where the mean concentrations of foliar B one year after pruning were nearly 180% higher than in the unpruned trees. Pruning of the dead branch whorls or only the few lowest living whorls did not affect the boron nutrition of the trees. In the current study, the ability of rapid and sufficiently large defoliation to increase B concentrations for several years in the Scots pine foliage was confirmed experimentally; earlier suggestions have been based on analyses made after defoliation. The potential suitability of green pruning is discussed as a method for improving the boron status of trees in boron-deficient areas.

Sirex species (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and their parasitoids in Pinus sylvestris in eastern North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Long ◽  
David W. Williams ◽  
Anne E. Hajek
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
New York State ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
York State ◽  
Sirex Nigricornis ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Central New York

AbstractSiricids and their parasitoids were reared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae)) trees infested by Sirex noctilio F. in central New York State. Sirex noctilio accounted for 94.3% of the siricid specimens emerging, totaling 1313 specimens from six trees, with a maximum of 495 from one tree. Of the individuals emerging per tree, 20.6 ± 5.2% were female. Two native siricids, Sirex nigricornis F. and S. edwardsii Brullè, also emerged from trees but in low numbers. Three hymenopteran parasitoid species that attack siricids emerged, totaling 21.8 ± 6.4% parasitism per tree. Ibalia leucospoides ensiger Norton (Ibaliidae) was by far the most abundant parasitoid, at 20.5 ± 6.3% parasitism per tree. The percentage of female S. noctilio emerging was positively correlated with wood diameter, whereas percent parasitism by I. l. ensiger was negatively correlated with wood diameter.

Distribution of wood-boring bivalves in the Mamanguape River estuary, Paraíba, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Veiga Leonel ◽  
Sonia Godoy B.C. Lopes ◽  
Marcos Aversari
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
North East ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Wood Panels ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wood Boring

Wood-boring bivalves of the families Teredinidae and Pholadidae are reported for the first time in Paraíba State, north-east Brazil. During one year, molluscs were collected from mangrove tree logs and from wood panels, along a salinity gradient. Four teredinid (Neoteredo reynei, Teredo bartschi, Nausitora fusticula, Bankia fimbriatula) and one pholad species (Martesia striata) were found.

THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Density Treatment

A late-maturing corn hybrid, Funk brand G4444, was planted in 2-ha plots at 60 000 plants per hectare (low density) and at 100 000 plants per hectare (high density). At harvest, the dry matter and ear contents were 24.2 and 34%, respectively, for the low-density treatment and 22.8 and 28%, respectively, for the high-density treatment. Two groups of 10 lactating cows were used to compare the nutritive value of the ensiled forages over a 10-wk feeding period. Silage dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat content were 10.33 kg/day, 27.11 kg/day and 3.52% for the cows fed high-density silage compared to 11.79 kg/day, 31.88 kg/day and 2.91% for those fed the low-density silage. Feeding the low-density silage resulted in a decreased level of acetic acid in the rumen and an increased level of propionic acid. Blood hematocrit and plasma calcium levels were lower for cows fed the silage from the low-density planting. Dry matter digestibility of the complete ration was 72.5 and 71.8% for the high- and low-density plantings, respectively. It was concluded that an increased ear content of approximately 10 percentage units resulted in a corn silage which was consumed more readily, altered rumen fermentation and caused a decrease in milk fat content. Key words: Corn silage, lactating dairy cows, planting density

scholarly journals Correlation of gestational age assessed by last menstrual period and New Ballard’s Score in pre term babies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Krithika S. ◽  
Rajanish K. V. ◽  
Adarsh E.
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
New Born ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
One Year

Background: Gestational age is a critical factor in the management, decision making and follow up of new born infants. Identification of gestational age especially within 48 hours of life is crucial for new born. Since decades attempts have been made to find an alternative measurement for gestational age and birth weight estimation of the newborns. Last menstrual period is an inexpensive method and potentially efficient for calculating gestational age. Objective of this study was to the present study aims to compare the gestational age by New Ballards score with LMP, in pre term babies.Methods: A total 150 pre term babies who are born to mothers remembering LMP were enrolled for the study group. During the study period new Ballard scoring was done for babies within 48hrs and Gestational age was compared with LMP. The collected data was analyzed by using SAS-6.50 version. Study design a prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2018 till December 2018 at Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, IndiaResults: The New Ballard score is found to be significantly correlated with GA above 29 weeks (p<0.01). The LMP mean was 35±2.0 weeks. Total 60.6 % of the childbirth is lead to normal vaginal delivery. The analysis shows LMP were found to be strongly correlated with GA (p<0.01).Conclusions: LMP alone can be reliably used in assessing the gestational age and can be assessed more accurately and be confirmed with new Ballard’s scoring for preterm babies of >29 weeks.

scholarly journals Life histories of three Serrulinini species (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae) from Georgia kept under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sulikowska-Drozd ◽  
Levan Mumladze
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Calcite Crystal ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
One Year

The Serrulinini, a small relict group of clausiliids occurring in coastal regions of the Black and Caspian Seas and the Caucasus, are currently classified within the Phaedusinae, however paraphyletic origin of the Serrulinini is also widely debated with Pontophaedusa funiculum (Mousson) being most phylogenetically distinct from other taxa. As life history data may have taxonomical value, we conducted long-term observations in laboratory culture to assess reproductive modes, fecundity and growth pattern of three serruline species. Caspiophaedusa perlucens (O. Boettger) and Pravispira semilamellata (Mousson) produced partly calcified eggs with regular, spiral arrangement of crystals; their juveniles hatched after 17–18 days; the generation time was long and significantly exceeded one year. P. funiculum laid heavily calcified, elongated eggs. The incubation time in P. funiculum varied depending on the humidity, with a tendency towards short embryo-retention. The generation time in P. funiculum was one year. In all the studied species, egg calcification differed from the pattern common for other oviparous Phaedusinae which produce partly calcified eggs with homogeneous distribution of crystals. The calcite crystal distribution in the egg membranes reported here for the Serrulinini suggests some potential of these characters in phylogenetic context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document