Spatial distribution of spotted-wing drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and other insects in fruit of a sweet cherry (Rosaceae) orchard

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-473
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Chamberlain ◽  
Robert Lalonde ◽  
Howard M.A. Thistlewood
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
First Results ◽  
Southern Aspect ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
Soft Fruits

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of many small and soft fruits. We present the first results concerning its oviposition in the canopy of a sweet cherry (Prunus avium Linnaeus; Rosaceae) orchard. We examined the distribution of arthropods emerging from fruits of five cultivars ripening successively over seven weeks, in interior and border rows, within four regions of the tree canopy (top/bottom height × north/south aspect), and measured the associated fruit ripeness (ºBrix). Single fruits were reared for more than two weeks: 1328 arthropods emerged from 887 cherries in June, and 10 426 emerged from 1071 cherries in July. When populations were low, significantly more D. suzukii were present in the northernmost row and northern canopy aspect. Later, its distribution with respect to cherry row, height, and aspect was homogenous. Drosophila suzukii density per sweet cherry was highest in the latest ripening cultivar, when its distribution was not homogeneous; significantly more D. suzukii were in the centre than the southernmost row, in the lower canopy, and the southern aspect, than elsewhere. In the early season, single egg clutches were found without aggregation. As population density increased, so did intraspecific aggregation, but D. suzukii did not co-exist with other Drosophila Fallén species, nor with Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) when present.

scholarly journals Relationship BetweenDrosophila suzukiiand Postharvest Disorders of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
M.-M. Ayyanath ◽  
C. L. Zurowski ◽  
I. M. Scott ◽  
D. T. Lowery ◽  
M. C. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, utilizes intact ripe fruits for oviposition and larval development. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) and D. suzukii share a saprophytic microbial community, or microbiome, that colonizes the interior and exterior of the fruit, which benefits the nutrition and development of the flies. Some of the microbes, specifically yeast species, are also reportedly associated with a newly described slip-skin-like disorder of sweet cherries. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, contact-based insecticides and fungicides are applied to sweet cherry to suppress D. suzukii populations and cherry diseases, respectively. To date, no resistance to the organophosphate insecticide, malathion, in D. suzukii field or laboratory populations has been reported. Laboratory bioassays with malathion-incorporated diet determined that when microorganisms associated with the D. suzukii microbiome were sterilized with potassium metabisulfite (KMS), survival of the flies was significantly affected. These findings led to speculation that malathion residues on cherry fruit may be degraded due to the greater presence of yeast species that are spared as a result of selective fungicide use patterns in cherry orchards. In orchard trials, KMS was shown to be effective in suppressing the surface yeast counts on cherry, but this did not impact symptoms of slip-skin-like disorder. Based on these findings, it is recommended that other products functioning as systemic biocides need to be investigated to address these two microbial-connected pest management concerns in sweet cherries.

scholarly journals POPULATION DYNAMICS OF DROSOPHYLA SUZUKII (MATSAMURA) IN SWEET AND SOUR CHERRY ORCHARDS IN THE CENTRAL BALKANS MOUNTAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Petko Minkov ◽  
◽  
Nedyalka Palagacheva ◽  
Vasiliy Dzhuvinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Soft Fruits

The spotted wing drosophila (SWD) Drosophila suzukii, Matsumura is a polyphagous for many stone and soft fruits species. The pest was recorded in 2014 at sweet cherry orchards in our country and has become a real pest, because SWD attack the fruit when they start to ripe. During 2017-2019 the study was carried out in the Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture in Troyan – Central part of the Balkans Mountain. For monitoring were used traps with red wine and apple vinegar. The first flies at the sweet cherry were found during the second decade of May and in the sour cherry - a little later, at the beginning of June, when the fruit start to ripe. The peak of the population dynamics was established in the second half of June, after which the density began to decreasing. It was found that D. suzukii was preferred more the sweet cherry fruits than sour cherry fruits.

scholarly journals First record of spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Montenegro

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Radonjic ◽  
Snjezana Hrncic
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
First Record ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive pest originating from Southeast Asia. It was detected for the first time in Europe in 2008 (Spain and Italy) and subsequently in other European countries. It is a highly polyphagous pest that infests healthy, ripening fruit and presents a serious threat to fruit production, particularly of soft skinned fruit. In the first half of October 2013, a new fruit fly species was unexpectedly detected in Tephri traps baited with the three-component female-biased attractant BioLure that is regularly used for monitoring the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Montenegro. Brief visual inspection identified the new species as the spotted wing drosophila D. suzukii. The pest was first recorded in several localities on the Montenegrin seacoast around Boka Kotor Bay. After the finding, all Drosophila specimens were collected from traps for further laboratory observation. A quick follow-up monitoring of other Tephri traps was carried out within the next few days on the rest of the seacoast (localities from Tivat to Ulcinj). Additionally, Tephri traps were set up around Lake Skadar and in the city of Podgorica, as well as on fresh fruit markets in Podgorica. The results of this preliminary study showed that D. suzukii was present in all surveyed locations and adults were captured until late December. Both sexes were found in traps with BioLure. Our data show that D. suzukii is present in southern parts of Montenegro and there is a serious threat of its further spreading, particularly towards northern parts of the country where the main raspberry and blueberry production is placed. The results also show that Tephri traps baited with BioLure can be used for detection and monitoring of spotted wing drosophila.

Phenology and spatial distribution of spotted-wing drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae) in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-449
Author(s):  
William Champagne-Cauchon ◽  
Jean-Frédéric Guay ◽  
Valérie Fournier ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the spotted-wing drosophila, is an invasive pest of fruit crops, which appeared in eastern Canada in 2010. It represents a major threat to lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton; Ericaceae) in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region, Québec, Canada, at the northern limits of its distribution. The dynamics, overwintering capacity, population fluctuations, and damage to lowbush blueberry of D. suzukii are unknown in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. We aimed to 1) document D. suzukii abundance and phenology in lowbush blueberry in separate localities; 2) evaluate the potential of D. suzukii to overwinter and examine population dynamics over three seasons; and 3) study the spatial distribution of D. suzukii in lowbush blueberry fields with respect to forested borders. Drosophila suzukii is abundant in lowbush blueberry fields of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. In spring, D. suzukii were absent until late June, when few summer-morph females appeared. Drosophila suzukii densities started to increase regularly in August, with increasing male proportions, to culminate in fall at high levels with balanced sex ratios. Overwintering remains uncertain, D. suzukii being undetectable in spring despite intensive trapping. Appearance of diapausing winter morphs at high densities indicates that D. suzukii responds appropriately to local conditions preceding cold winter. Models of variation of D. suzukii densities and lowbush blueberry fruit infestation with distance from borders indicate that forest borders are favoured habitats over lowbush blueberry fields and the source of D. suzukii moving to some extent into lowbush blueberry fields.

scholarly journals Current integrated pest management tactics for the spotted wing Drosophila and their practical implementation in Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Baroffio ◽  
Mélanie Dorsaz ◽  
Fabio Kuonen
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Operative Strategy ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) is a concern for small fruit and stone fruit growers. This invasive pest lays eggs in healthy fruits with a serrated ovipositor, resulting in considerable economic losses, mainly in berry crops. In Europe, it was first recorded in Switzerland in 2011, causing considerable damage in all small fruit crops, especially in later-developing crops (autumn raspberries, blackberries, blueberries and elderberries). The pest was found in all regions of the country, from low altitudes to the timberline. The range of host plants is very broad, not only affecting crops, but also wild fruits. Switzerland has implemented a strategy at the national level by combining an effective monitoring system with hygiene measures and mass trapping. Insecticide applications, usually based on spinosyns, are only considered as a last resort. In addition to this already operative strategy, innovative alternatives are considered, in particular the use of repellents or masking substances.

scholarly journals Development of spotted wing drosophila in fruits of two raspberry cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajač Živković ◽  
Darija Lemić ◽  
Boris Duralija ◽  
Aleksandar Mešić ◽  
Dana Čirjak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Soft Fruits

Spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931)) a polyphagous alien invasive species causes economic damages in cultivation of soft fruits all over the word. It is widespread in Croatia and considering that the economic damage occurred in greenhouse cultivation of soft fruit several years ago, new damage in this production can be expected. The pest development was monitored on 50 overripe fruits of cultivars 'Amira' and 'Sugana' cultivated in greenhouses in Zagreb in 2018 to investigate pest preference for these cultivars and to make a risk assessment in raspberry cultivation. Pest presence was recorded on both cultivars at the same time, and D. suzukii was dominant drosophilid species in development. Significantly more drosophilids as well as individuals of D. suzukii were developed on cultivar 'Amira'. On 'Amira' 373 female and 211 male of D. suzukii developed, while on 'Sugana' 253 female and 142 males developed. Average number of pests per fruit on 'Amira' counted 11.68 and on 'Sugana' 7.9. Drosophila suzukii develops in high populations in the greenhouse production of raspberry cultivars, which poses a serious risk for their cultivation in the study site.

scholarly journals Insecticide Control of Drosophila suzukii in Commercial Sweet Cherry Crops under Cladding

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Shaw ◽  
Sebastian Hemer ◽  
Madeleine F. L. Cannon ◽  
Francesco Rogai ◽  
Michelle T. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is a damaging invasive pest of sweet cherry. Using a series of laboratory leaf contact assays, semi-field, and orchard spray programs we aimed to determine the impact of insecticide programs on D. suzukii adult mortality and oviposition in cladding-protected sweet cherry crops. Tests included assessing adult D. suzukii mortality after contact with leaves sprayed either one or two weeks previously and emergence of adults from fruits. Spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid, lime, pyrethrin, deltamethrin, and cyantraniliprole all reduced fruit damage up to day 7 after application. Of these active ingredients, only spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cyantraniliprole gave satisfactory control up to 14 days. There was no significant difference in D. suzukii mortality when exposed to leaves treated either one or two weeks previously with an application of either spinosad, cyantraniliprole, or lambda-cyhalothrin; however, mortality was significantly higher than D. suzukii in contact with untreated leaves. In eight commercial orchards, fortnightly spray applications including spinosad, cyantraniliprole, and lambda-cyhalothrin gave effective control of D. suzukii until harvest with very few damaged fruits. These experiments demonstrate that currently approved plant protection products, applied to sweet cherry under protection, give at least two weeks protection from D. suzukii.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Yield Loss on Minnesota Raspberry Farms: A Grower Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigi DiGiacomo ◽  
Joleen Hadrich ◽  
William D Hutchison ◽  
Hikaru Peterson ◽  
Mary Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Berry Crops

Abstract Minnesota was dubbed the ‘raspberry consumption capital of America’ in 2017 by wholesaler Driscoll’s, Inc. Local production of this high-demand fruit, however, is limited by the invasive pest, spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, Diptera: Drosophilidae). Recent research to develop integrated pest management (IPM) programs for MN berry crops indicates that raspberry growers are particularly vulnerable to significant spotted wing Drosophila-related yield losses. Spotted wing Drosophila was detected in Minnesota in 2012 across 29 counties. This analysis explores the economic impact of raspberry yield losses associated with spotted wing Drosophila in Minnesota as part of a multifaceted research initiative. An electronic survey of 157 MN berry growers was conducted in November 2017. Eighty-two individual grower surveys were returned (52% response rate). The survey included questions about production acreage, marketing practices, spotted wing Drosophila-related yield losses and future production intentions. The results of the e-survey indicate that raspberry growers have borne the highest levels of infestation among MN fruit growers surveyed. Spotted wing Drosophila-related yield losses for raspberry growers ranged from 2 to 100% of planted acreage.The median yield loss for this group of growers was 20% in 2017. Applying the median yield loss to ex-ante production estimates, we conclude that MN growers lost approximately $2.36 million in raspberry sales during the 1 yr studied. Investing in spotted wing Drosophila control measures will help MN growers reduce some of these losses in the future.

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