scholarly journals A Review on Current Osteoporosis Research: With Special Focus on Disuse Bone Loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Yuen-chi Lau ◽  
Xia Guo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Disuse Osteoporosis ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Osteoporosis Research ◽  
Effective Treatments

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and deteriorated microarchitecture that lead to increased risk of fracture. The disuse osteoporosis refers to bone mass decrements under conditions of decreased mechanical loading, including decreased ground force reaction, muscular contraction, and microgravity-related bone loss in astronauts after space flights. Although there are many effective treatments available for primary osteoporosis, there is a lack of effective treatments for disuse osteoporosis. This is because that the aetiology, pathophysiology, and resultant pathology of disuse osteoporosis differ from those of primary osteoporosis. The objective of this paper is to examine the unique pathology and underlying pathophysiology of disuse osteoporosis.

scholarly journals SUN-335 Abaloparatide Prevents Unloading-Induced Bone Loss in Adult Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian A Teguh ◽  
Jordan L Nustad ◽  
Amanda E Craven ◽  
Daniel J Brooks ◽  
Heike Arlt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Disuse Osteoporosis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Prevent Bone Loss

Abstract Disuse osteoporosis (bone loss resulted from a reduction in mechanical loading) occurs in patients due to prolonged bed rest, paralysis and application of braces. Abaloparatide (ABL) is a synthetic peptide analog of PTHrP that has been shown to promote bone formation with limited bone resorption. ABL was approved by the FDA in 2017 to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high fracture risk. Yet, the ability of ABL to prevent bone loss in disuse is unknown. We hypothesized that ABL would prevent bone loss in the hindlimb unloading (HLU) rat model of disuse osteoporosis. Adult male Wistar rats, 13–14 weeks of age, were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (10 rats/group): ambulatory + vehicle (CON-VEH), ambulatory + ABL (CON-ABL), HLU + vehicle (HLU-VEH) or HLU + ABL (HLU-ABL). The rats received a daily subcutaneous injection of ABL (25µg/kg/day) or vehicle for 28 days. Blood serum was collected on day 0, 7, 14 and 28 to examine the expression of bone markers such as osteocalcin (OCN) and TRAcP5b. pQCT scans were acquired at the proximal tibia at day 0 and 28 to measure changes in the total and trabecular vBMD. Following euthanasia, trabecular (Tb) and cortical (Ct) bone microarchitecture from femurs, tibias and L4 vertebrae were assessed using µCT. Femurs were mechanically tested to failure in 3-point bending to determine ultimate load (N) and stiffness (N/mm). Treatment effects were evaluated using 2-way ANOVA. Effects were considered significant at p < 0.05. Data reported as mean±SD. HLU led to loss of bone density and structure that were prevented by ABL. Longitudinal pQCT revealed significant increases in total vBMD in ABL-CON (52±17%) vs. VEH-CON (20±5%); and in HLU-ABL (24±6%) vs. HLU-VEH (-2±3%) (p<0.001 for both). Significant differences were observed in the µCT analysis of the distal femur: Tb.BV/TV, thickness and BMD were 43.7%, 12.9% and 27.4% lower, respectively, in HLU-VEH compared to CON-VEH (p<0.05 for all). ABL prevented these negative effects, such that Tb.BV/TV, thickness and BMD were 66.5%, 39% and 50.3% higher in HLU-ABL compared to HLU-VEH (p<0.01 for all). A positive impact of ABL on bone morphology was also seen in the CON-VEH rats. CON-ABL had greater femoral stiffness (+22.9%, p=0.03) and ultimate load (+20.5%, p=0.01) than CON-VEH. Vertebral and tibial trabecular parameters mimicked the distal femur parameters. Serum TRAcP5b did not differ among groups, yet both ABL groups had higher OCN levels than the VEH-treated control groups (+63%, p<0.05). We demonstrated positive effects of ABL on BMD, trabecular bone mass and structure in both ambulating and unloaded rats. These results are consistent with prior studies showing positive effects of ABL on bone mass, structure and strength in OVX and ORX rats. Limits include only male rats and 1 dose of ABL. However, the results observed in this study provide a strong rationale for investigating the ability of ABL to prevent disuse bone loss in humans.

scholarly journals Major depressive disorder is a risk factor for low bone mass, central obesity, and other medical conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses in the adult population. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Osteoporosis is also a major public health threat. Multiple studies have reported an association between depression and low bone mineral density, but a causal link between these two conditions is disputed. Here the most important findings of the POWER (Premenopausal, Osteoporosis Women, Alendronate, Depression) Study, a large prospective study of bone turnover in premenopausal women with major depression, are summarized. The endocrine and immune alterations secondary to depression that might affect bone mass, and the possible role of poor lifestyle in the etiology of osteoporosis in subjects with depression, are also reviewed, as is the potential effect of antidepressants on bone loss. It is proposed that depression induces bone loss and osteoporotic fractures, primarily via specific immune and endocrine mechanisms, with poor lifestyle habits as potential contributory factors.

Rate of Forearm Bone Loss Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Fracture Independently of Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Women: The OFELY Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1929-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu ◽  
Françoise Munoz ◽  
François Duboeuf ◽  
Pierre D Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Forearm Bone

scholarly journals Hypercalciuria is a common and important finding in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Giannini ◽  
M Nobile ◽  
L Dalle Carbonare ◽  
MG Lodetti ◽  
S Sella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The prevalence and the effects of hypercalciuria on bone in patients with primary osteoporosis are poorly defined. We therefore retrospectively analyzed the data of 241 otherwise healthy women. They were 45-88 years of age and had been referred for their first visit to our Unit for Metabolic Bone Diseases over a 2-year period because of primary osteoporosis (bone density T-score < -2.5). METHODS: The main parameters of calcium and skeletal metabolism had been analyzed in all subjects. This population was then divided into two groups, according to the presence (HC+) or absence (HC-) of hypercalciuria. RESULTS: Elevated urinary calcium was present in 19% of the subjects. Due to the selection criteria, spinal and femoral bone loss was similar in the two groups. Urinary calcium, phosphate and fractional calcium excretion were higher in hypercalciuric patients. In a logistic regression model, the higher the Tm of phosphate, the lower the risk of hypercalciuria (odds ratio 0.33, confidence interval 0.18-0.62). On the contrary, hypercalciuria was the most important predictor of low bone mass in HC+ (accounting for more than 50% of the variance in spinal bone density). CONCLUSIONS: Hypercalciuria is a common feature in postmenopausal bone loss. Since increased urinary calcium excretion and low bone mass appear to be linked, hypercalciuria seems to be an important determinant of reduced bone density in this setting as well.

scholarly journals Mice lacking DKK1 in T cells exhibit high bone mass and are protected from estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102224
Author(s):  
Juliane Lehmann ◽  
Sylvia Thiele ◽  
Ulrike Baschant ◽  
Tilman D. Rachner ◽  
Christof Niehrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
High Bone Mass ◽  
High Bone

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis: Insights Offered by the Study of Bone Mass Genetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
A. Hartley ◽  
C. L. Gregson ◽  
L. Paternoster ◽  
J. H. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Bone Mass ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Additional Support

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews how bone genetics has contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. As well as identifying specific genetic mechanisms involved in osteoporosis which also contribute to osteoarthritis, we review whether bone mineral density (BMD) plays a causal role in OA development. Recent Findings We examined whether those genetically predisposed to elevated BMD are at increased risk of developing OA, using our high bone mass (HBM) cohort. HBM individuals were found to have a greater prevalence of OA compared with family controls and greater development of radiographic features of OA over 8 years, with predominantly osteophytic OA. Initial Mendelian randomisation analysis provided additional support for a causal effect of increased BMD on increased OA risk. In contrast, more recent investigation estimates this relationship to be bi-directional. However, both these findings could be explained instead by shared biological pathways. Summary Pathways which contribute to BMD appear to play an important role in OA development, likely reflecting shared common mechanisms as opposed to a causal effect of raised BMD on OA. Studies in HBM individuals suggest this reflects an important role of mechanisms involved in bone formation in OA development; however further work is required to establish whether the same applies to more common forms of OA within the general population.

scholarly journals The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Wherry ◽  
Ryan M. Miller ◽  
Sarah H. Jeong ◽  
Kristen M. Beavers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Biomarkers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Despite the adverse metabolic and functional consequences of obesity, caloric restriction- (CR) induced weight loss is often contra-indicated in older adults with obesity due to the accompanying loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsequent increased risk of fracture. Several studies show a positive effect of exercise on aBMD among weight-stable older adults; however, data on the ability of exercise to mitigate bone loss secondary to CR are surprisingly equivocal. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused update of the randomized controlled trial literature assessing the efficacy of exercise as a countermeasure to CR-induced bone loss among older adults. Secondarily, we present data demonstrating the occurrence of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers, offering insight into why exercise is not more effective than observed in mitigating CR-induced bone loss.

scholarly journals PPARG in osteocytes controls sclerostin expression, bone mass, marrow adiposity and mediates TZD-induced bone loss

Bone ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 115913
Author(s):  
Sudipta Baroi ◽  
Piotr J. Czernik ◽  
Amit Chougule ◽  
Patrick R. Griffin ◽  
Beata Lecka-Czernik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Marrow Adiposity

scholarly journals SAT0306 SEMIQUANTITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LUNG CT IN THE ASSESSMENT OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES WITH A FOCUS ON ANTISYNTHETASE.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1098.2-1098
Author(s):  
S. Barsotti ◽  
C. Roncella ◽  
A. Valentini ◽  
L. Cavagna ◽  
R. Castellana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Lung Ct ◽  
Group 1

Background:Interstitial lung disease (ILD), is common in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and strongly impact on patients’ morbidity and mortality. Patients with anti-aminoacyl-transfer RNA-synthetases (anti-ARS) antibodies are associated with an increased risk of ILD.Objectives:Defining the radiological characteristics of IIM patients, with special focus on serological groups, through qualitative, semiquantitative and quantitative analysis of lung CT.Methods:This was a prospective study conducted from 2016 to 2019. Ninety-eight IIM patients (35 men, 63 women) were included. Myositis specific autoantibodies (MSA) were assessed with Myositis Prophyle III (Euroimmune, Lubeck).Each patient had a baseline CT; the total score of Warrick (WS) was obtained at semiquantitative analysis. The radiological scores ILD% (interstitial lung disease %) and PVRS% (pulmonary vascular related structure) were the result of quantitative analysis in 61 patients (CALIPER). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) included TLC%, FVC% and DLCO% (65 patients). The analysis was conducted in the whole group and divided in subgroups based on their MSA pattern: in particular anti-ARS (Group 1) and patients negative to MSA (Group 2) were analysed.Results:Positive correlations between ILD% and PVRS% (Rho=0.916; ρ=0.000), WS and ILD% (Rho=0.663; ρ=0.000) and WS and PVRS% (Rho=0.637; ρ<0.001) were found.The most relevant inverse correlations were found between ILD% and DLCO% (Rho=-0.590; ρ=0.001), PVRS% and DLCO% (Rho=-0.549; ρ<0.001) and WS and DLCO% (Rho=-0.471; ρ<0.001).Statistically significant higher values of WS, ILD% and PVRS% were found in Group 1 (WS=15, ILD%=11 and PVRS%=3.5), compared to Group 2 (WS=2.5, ILD%=0.84 and PVRS%=2.2). NSIP pattern resulted dominant represented in the two groups (80% Group 1, 75% Group 2). No statistically significant differences of DLCO%, FVC% and TLCO% were found.Conclusion:The inverse correlations between the radiological scores and the functional data TLC% and DLCO% (ρ<0.001) confirm the role of lung CT in the clinical management of ILD in IIM patients, and may represent a promising tool for clinical trials. For the first time anti-ARS and serological negative patients were defined through qualitative, semiquantitative and quantitative analysis of lung CT. Further study should be conducted in order to define the prognostic value of the quantitative analysis of lung CT in the follow up of IIM patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Tissue-specific expression of Sprouty1 in mice protects against high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation, bone loss and metabolic dysfunction

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumithra Urs ◽  
Terry Henderson ◽  
Phuong Le ◽  
Clifford J. Rosen ◽  
Lucy Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

We recently characterised Sprouty1 (Spry1), a growth factor signalling inhibitor as a regulator of marrow progenitor cells promoting osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipocytes. Adipose tissue-specific Spry1 expression in mice resulted in increased bone mass and reduced body fat, while conditional knockout of Spry1 had the opposite effect with decreased bone mass and increased body fat. Because Spry1 suppresses normal fat development, we tested the hypothesis that Spry1 expression prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, bone loss and associated lipid abnormalities, and demonstrate that Spry1 has a long-term protective effect on mice fed a high-energy diet. We studied diet-induced obesity in mice with fatty acid binding promoter-driven expression or conditional knockout of Spry1 in adipocytes. Phenotyping was performed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microCT, histology and blood analysis. In conditional Spry1-null mice, a high-fat diet increased body fat by 40 %, impaired glucose regulation and led to liver steatosis. However, overexpression of Spry1 led to 35 % (P < 0·05) lower body fat, reduced bone loss and normal metabolic function compared with single transgenics. This protective phenotype was associated with decreased circulating insulin (70 %) and leptin (54 %; P < 0·005) compared with controls on a high-fat diet. Additionally, Spry1 expression decreased adipose tissue inflammation by 45 %. We show that conditional Spry1 expression in adipose tissue protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated bone loss.

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